Governor of Massachusetts
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The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The current governor is Democrat Deval Patrick.
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[edit] Constitutional role
Part the Second, Chapter II, Section I, Article I of the Massachusetts Constitution reads,
- There shall be a supreme executive magistrate, who shall be styled, The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and whose title shall be — His Excellency.
The Governor of Massachusetts is the chief executive of the Commonwealth, and is supported by a number of subordinate officers. He, like most other state officers, senators, and representatives, was originally elected annually. In 1918 this was changed to a two-year term, and since 1964 the office of governor has carried a four-year term. The Governor of Massachusetts does not receive a palace, other official residence, or housing allowance. Instead, he resides in his own private residence. The title "His Excellency" is a throwback to the royally-appointed governors of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The first governor to use the title was Richard Coote in 1699; since he was an Earl, it was thought proper to call him "Your Excellency". The title was retained until 1742, when an order from the King forbade its further use. However, the framers of the Constitution revived it because they found it fitting to dignify the governor with this title.[1]
The governor also serves as Commander-in-Chief of the Commonwealth's armed forces. The power of this position has declined as the states of the United States have become less individual nations and more subnational units.
[edit] Lieutenant Governor
Part the Second, Chapter II, Section II, Article I of the Massachusetts Constitution reads,
There shall be annually elected a lieutenant governor of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, whose title shall be, His Honor and who shall be qualified, in point of religion, property, and residence in the commonwealth, in the same manner with the governor: and the day and manner of his election, and the qualifications of the electors, shall be the same as are required in the election of a governor.
The lieutenant governor serves in place of the governor when he is outside the borders of Massachusetts. Historically also a one-year term, the office of lieutenant governor now carries a four-year term the same as that of the governor. Noted in the article above are religious, property, and residency requirements for both the office of governor and lieutenant governor, of which only the residency requirement remains in effect. To be eligible for either office, a candidate must have lived in Massachusetts for at least seven years immediately preceding his election, and originally also had to be a Christian owning at least £1,000 worth of real property.
[edit] Succession
According to the constitution, whenever the chair of the governor is vacant, the lieutenant governor shall take over as acting governor. The first time this came into use was five years after the constitution's adoption in 1785, when Governor John Hancock resigned his post five months before the inauguration of his successor, Governor James Bowdoin. Most recently, Jane Swift became acting governor upon the resignation of Paul Cellucci. Under this system, the lieutenant governor retains his or her position and title as "Lieutenant Governor" never becomes governor -- only acting governor.
[edit] Old line of succession to the council
Whenever both the governor and his lieutenant left their offices vacant, the Governor's Council was charged with acting as governor. Governor Increase Sumner died in office on June 7, 1799, leaving lieutenant governor Moses Gill as governor. Governor Gill never received a lieutenant, and died himself on May 20, 1800.
For the ten days between Governor Gill's death and Gov. Caleb Strong's inauguration, the Governor's Council became the executive arm of the government. The council's chair, Thomas Dawes, was the closest person to governor during this time, but was at no point named governor.
[edit] New and current line of succession
Article LV of the Constitution created a new line of succession that did not entrust the governorship to an eight-member council.
The new and current line of succession is as follows:
- Governor (Deval Patrick)
- Lieutenant Governor (Tim Murray)
- Secretary of the Commonwealth (Bill Galvin)
- Attorney General (Martha Coakley)
- Treasurer and Receiver-General (Tim Cahill)
- State Auditor (Joe DeNucci)
[edit] Traditions
When the Governor dies, resigns, or is removed from office, the office of Governor remains vacant for the rest of the 4 year term. The Lieutenant Governor does not succeed but only discharges powers and duties as Acting Governor.
The front doors of the state house are only opened when a governor leaves office or a head of state comes to visit the State House. It is also traditionally opened for the return of flags from Massachusetts regiments at the end of wars. The tradition of the ceremonial door originated when leaving governor Benjamin Butler kicked open the front door and walked out by himself in 1884.
Incoming governors usually choose at least one past governors portrait to hang in their office
Immediately before being sworn into office, the current governor-elect receives the departing governor 4 symbols: The ceremonial pewter "Key" for the Governors office door, the Butler Bible, the "Gavel", and a 2 volume set of the Massachusetts General Statutes with a personal note from the departing governor to his/her successor added to the back of the text. The governor-elect is then escorted by the Sergeant-at-Arms to the House Chamber and sworn in by the Senate President before a joint session of the House and Senate.[2]
The departing governor then leaves on the "Lone Walk" (also called the "Long" or "Lonesome" Walk). Historical accounts indicate that Increase Sumner was the first governor to begin this tradition in 1799. The departing governor, after leaving office, walks alone down the Grand Staircase, through the House of Flags, into Doric Hall, out the central doors and down the steps of the State House.[3] Some walks have been modified. Some past governors have had their wives, some friends, or staff accompany them walking slightly behind. Other governors have had staff and friends line the walking route, offering congratulatory gestures as the honoree passes. A few times the outgoing governor would meet the incoming governor outside on the State House steps. The outgoing governor would be descending as the incoming governor would be ascending. A 19 gun salute would be offered as the 2 governors meet.
[edit] List of Governors
[edit] Plymouth Colony: 1620 – 1691
This is a list of Governors of the Plymouth Colony from 1620 to 1691. It was incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony on October 7, 1691.
| Governor | Took Office | Left Office | |
|---|---|---|---|
| John Carver | 1620 | 1621 | |
| William Bradford | 1621 | 1633 | |
| Edward Winslow |  |
1633 | 1634 |
| Thomas Prence | 1634 | 1635 | |
| William Bradford | 1635 | 1636 | |
| Edward Winslow | |
1636 | 1637 |
| William Bradford | 1637 | 1638 | |
| Thomas Prence | 1638 | 1639 | |
| William Bradford | 1639 | 1644 | |
| Edward Winslow | |
1644 | 1645 |
| William Bradford | 1645 | May 1657 | |
| Thomas Prence | June 1657 | 1673 | |
| Josiah Winslow |  |
1673 | 1680 |
| Thomas Hinckley | 1681 | 1686 | |
| Dominion of New England | 1687 | 1688 | |
| Thomas Hinckley | 1688 | 1692 | |
[edit] Massachusetts Bay Colony: 1629 – 1686
This is a list of Governors of the Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1629 to 1686:
| Governor | Took Office | Left Office | |
|---|---|---|---|
| John Endicott | 1629 | 1630 | |
| John Winthrop |  |
1630 | 1633 |
| Thomas Dudley | 1634 | 1634 | |
| John Haynes |  |
1635 | 1635 |
| Henry Vane the Younger |  |
1636 | 1636 |
| John Winthrop | |
1637 | 1639 |
| Thomas Dudley | 1640 | 1640 | |
| Richard Bellingham | 1641 | 1641 | |
| John Winthrop | |
1642 | 1643 |
| John Endicott | 1644 | 1644 | |
| Thomas Dudley | 1645 | 1645 | |
| John Winthrop | |
1646 | 1648 |
| John Endicott | 1649 | 1649 | |
| Thomas Dudley | 1650 | 1650 | |
| John Endicott | 1651 | 1653 | |
| Richard Bellingham | 1654 | 1654 | |
| John Endicott | 1655 | 1664 | |
| Richard Bellingham | 1665 | 1672 | |
| John Leverett | 1673 | 1678 | |
| Simon Bradstreet | 1679 | 1686 | |
[edit] Dominion of New England : 1686 – 1689
This is a list of Presidents of the Dominion of New England from 1686 to 1689:
| President | Year(s) | Lieutenant Governor(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joseph Dudley |  |
May 25, 1686 - December 20, 1686 | William Stoughton (May 26, 1686 - December 20, 1686) |
| Edmund Andros |  |
December 20, 1686 – April 18, 1689 | Francis Nicholson (July 19, 1688 - April 18, 1689) |
When the Dominion was dissolved in 1689, Simon Bradstreet served as Governor of Massachusetts (from May 24, 1689 to May 14, 1692) until William Phips arrived as Royal Governor in 1692.
[edit] Province of Massachusetts Bay: 1692 – 1774
This is a list of Colonial Governors of the Province of Massachusetts Bay:
Between 1774 and 1780, as Massachusetts moved toward and then helped lead the American Revolution, and until a new Constitution could be drafted, there was no stable civilian government.
[edit] Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 1780 – present
This is a complete list of governors of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Acting governors, denoted as "A" instead of numbered, are included when the Governor resigned or died. Acting governors show a vacancy in the lieutenant governorship. They remain as Lieutenant Governors and merely act as governor. Lieutenant governors in Massachusetts do not ascend to the governorship upon death or resignation of their predecessor.
[edit] References
- ^ Frothingham, Louis Adams. A Brief History of the Constitution and Government of Massachusetts, p. 74. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1916.
- ^ [http://www.mass.gov/lib/facts/transfer.htm Massachusetts State Library Information, Governor Transfer of Power. Retrieved February 14, 2007.
- ^ [http://www.mass.gov/lib/facts/transfer.htm Massachusetts State Library Information, Governor Transfer of Power. Retrieved February 14, 2007.
[edit] See also
- Government of Massachusetts
- Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 2006
- Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 2002
[edit] External links
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