12th United States Congress
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The Twelfth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1811 to March 3, 1813, during the last two years of the first administration of U.S. President James Madison.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
[edit] Dates of sessions
- First session: November 4, 1811 - July 6, 1812
- Second session: November 2, 1812 - March 3, 1813 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 11th Congress
Next congress: 13th Congress
[edit] Major events
- Main article: Events of 1811; Events of 1812; Events of 1813
- November 6, 1811 – Battle of Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison defeated the forces of Tecumseh
- June 18, 1812 – War of 1812 United States declared war on Great Britain
- August 16, 1812 – War of 1812 Detroit surrendered to the British.
- October 13, 1812 – War of 1812, the Battle of Queenston Heights took place.
- Napoleonic Wars (1799 - 1815) - Peninsular War
- Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812
[edit] Major legislation
- April 30, 1812 - Louisiana was admitted as a state into the Union. It was formerly known as the Territory of Orleans
- June 4, 1812 - Missouri Territory was organized. It was formed from the Territory of Orleans
[edit] Party summary
Louisiana was newly admitted to the union and first represented as a state in this Congress.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
TOTAL members: 36 |
TOTAL members: 143 |
[edit] Leadership
- Senate
- Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
- George Clinton, Democratic-Republican of New York, died April 20, 1812, thereafter vacant.
- President pro tempore of the Senate:
- William H. Crawford, Democratic-Republican of Georgia, elected March 24, 1812
- House of Representatives
- Speaker of the House
- Henry Clay, Democratic-Republican of Kentucky, elected November 4, 1811
[edit] Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
- See also: 12th United States Congress - Political Parties
- See also: 12th United States Congress - State Delegations
- See also: United States House election, 1810
[edit] Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1814; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1816; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1812
- See also: U.S. Senators
- See also: U.S. Congressional Delegations by state
[edit] House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
- See also: U.S. Representatives
- See also: U.S. Congressional Delegations by state
[edit] Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
- See also: 12th United States Congress - Membership Changes
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[edit] Officers
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[edit] Notes
- ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
- ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
- ^ the 5th district was a plural district with two representatives
- ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
- ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
- ^ there were two plural districts, the 2nd & 6th, each had two representatives
- ^ there were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives
- ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
[edit] References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
[edit] External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]
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United States Congress Senate • Senators • Senate Leaders • Senate Committees • Senate Elections House • Representatives • House Leaders • House Committees • House Elections • House Districts |
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