38th United States Congress

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Major events 3 Major legislation 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Party Leadership 6.1 Senate 6.2 House of Representatives 7 Members 7.1 Senate 7.2 Senate 7.3 House of Representatives 7.4 Delegates 8 Changes in membership 8.1 Senate 8.2 Senate 8.3 House of Representatives 9 Officers 9.1 Senate 9.2 House of Representatives 9.3 Other 10 Notes 11 References 12 External links

The Thirty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1863 to March 3, 1865, during the last two years of the first administration of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1863 - March 3, 1865

• Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1863 – March 14, 1863
• First session: December 7, 1863 - July 4, 1864
• Second session: December 5, 1864 - March 3, 1865 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 37th Congress
Next congress: 39th Congress

[edit] Major events

Main article: Events of 1863; Events of 1864; Events of 1865

[edit] Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 38th Congress

[edit] Party summary

West Virginia and Nevada were newly admitted to the Union and first represented as states in this Congress.

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

[edit] Senate

• Democratic: 10
• Republican: 33 (majority)
• Unconditional Unionist: 5
• Unionist: 4

TOTAL members: 52

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic: 72
• Republican: 85 (majority)
• Unionist: 9
• Unconditional Unionist: 16
• Independent Republican: 2

TOTAL members: 184

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Solomon Foot, Republican of Vermont, first elected in this Congress March 4, 1863.
  • Daniel Clark Republican of New Hampshire, first elected April 26, 1864.

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Schuyler Colfax, Republican of Indiana, elected December 7, 1863.

[edit] Party Leadership

[edit] Senate

• Republican Conference Chairman:
  • Henry B. Anthony, Republican of Rhode Island

[edit] House of Representatives

• Republican Conference Chairman:
  • Justin S. Morrill of Vermont.

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 38th United States Congress - Political Parties

See also: 38th United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1862

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

[edit] Senate

Alabama

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

Arkansas

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

California

• 3. James A. McDougall (Dem.)
• 1. John Conness (Rep.)

Connecticut

• 3. La Fayette S. Foster (Rep.)
• 1. James Dixon (Rep.)

Delaware

• 1. James A. Bayard, Jr. (Dem.) ...resigned January 29, 1864.

  George R. Riddle (Dem.) ...elected to fill vacancy, January 29, 1864.

• 2. Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (Dem.)

Florida

• 1. vacant
• 3. vacant

Georgia

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

Illinois

• 3. Lyman Trumbull (Rep.)
• 2. William A. Richardson (Dem.)

Indiana

• 3. Henry S. Lane (Rep.)
• 1. Thomas A. Hendricks (Dem.)

Iowa

• 3. James Harlan (Rep.)
• 2. James W. Grimes (Rep.)

Kansas

• 2. James H. Lane (Rep.)
• 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (Rep.)

Kentucky

• 2. Lazarus W. Powell (Dem.)
• 3. Garrett Davis (Unionist)

Louisiana

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

Maine

• 2. William Pitt Fessenden (Rep.) ...resigned July 1, 1864.

  Nathan A. Farwell (Rep.) ...appointed to fill vacancy, October 27, 1864, subsequently elected

• 1. Lot M. Morrill (Rep.)

Maryland

• 3. Thomas H. Hicks (Unconditional Unionist) ...died February 14, 1865.
• 1. Reverdy Johnson (Unionist)

Massachusetts

• 1. Charles Sumner (Rep.)
• 2. Henry Wilson (Rep.)

Michigan

• 1. Zachariah Chandler (Rep.)
• 2. Jacob M. Howard (Rep.)

Minnesota

• 2. Morton S. Wilkinson (Rep.)
• 1. Alexander Ramsey (Rep.)

Mississippi

• 1. vacant
• 2. vacant

Missouri

• 1. John B. Henderson (Unconditional Unionist)
• 3. Robert Wilson (Unconditional Unionist) …appointed to fill vacancy, served until November 13, 1863.

  B. Gratz Brown (Unconditional Unionist) ...elected to fill vacancy, November 13, 1863.

Nevada

• 1. William M. Stewart (Rep.) ...newly admitted state, elected December 15, 1864.
• 3. James W. Nye (Rep.) ...newly admitted state, elected December 16, 1864.

New Hampshire

• 2. John P. Hale (Rep.)
• 3. Daniel Clark (Rep.)

New Jersey

• 2. John C. Ten Eyck (Rep.)
• 1. William Wright (Dem.)

New York

• 3. Ira Harris (Rep.)
• 1. Edwin D. Morgan (Rep.)

North Carolina

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin F. Wade (Rep.)
• 3. John Sherman (Rep.)

Oregon

• 3. James W. Nesmith (Dem.)
• 2. Benjamin F. Harding (Dem.)

Pennsylvania

• 3. Edgar Cowan (Rep.)
• 1. Charles R. Buckalew (Dem.)

Rhode Island

• 2. Henry B. Anthony (Rep.)
• 1. William Sprague (Rep.)

South Carolina

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

Tennessee

• 1. vacant
• 2. vacant

Texas

• 1. vacant
• 2. vacant

Vermont

• 1. Solomon Foot (Rep.)
• 3. Jacob Collamer (Rep.)

Virginia

• 2. John S. Carlile (Unionist)
• 1. Lemuel J. Bowden (Unionist)

West Virginia

• 1. Peter G. Van Winkle (Unconditional Unionist) ...newly admitted state, elected August 4, 1863.
• 2. Waitman T. Willey (Unconditional Unionist) ...newly admitted state, elected August 4, 1863.

Wisconsin

• 1. James R. Doolittle (Rep.)
• 3. Timothy O. Howe (Rep.)

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama

• all seats vacant

Arkansas

• all seats vacant

California ^[1]

• A/L. Cornelius Cole (Rep.)
• A/L. William Higby (Rep.)
• A/L. Thomas B. Shannon (Rep.)

Connecticut

• 1. Henry C. Deming (Rep.)
• 2. James E. English (Dem.)
• 3. Augustus Brandegee (Rep.)
• 4. John H. Hubbard (Rep.)

Delaware

• A/L. William Temple (Dem.) ...died May 28, 1863, before Congress assembled.

  Nathaniel B. Smithers (Unconditional Unionist) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1863.

Florida

• all seats vacant

Georgia

• all seats vacant

Illinois

• 1. Isaac N. Arnold (Rep.)
• 2. John F. Farnsworth (Rep.)
• 3. E.B. Washburne (Rep.)
• 4. Charles M. Harris (Dem.)
• 5. Owen Lovejoy (Rep.) ...died March 25, 1864.

  Ebon C. Ingersoll (Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated May 20, 1864.

• 6. Jesse O. Norton (Rep.)
• 7. John R. Eden (Dem.)
• 8. John T. Stuart (Dem.)
• 9. Lewis W. Ross (Dem.)
• 10. Anthony L. Knapp (Dem.)
• 11. James C. Robinson (Dem.)
• 12. William R. Morrison (Dem.)
• 13. William J. Allen (Dem.)
• A/L. James C. Allen (Dem.)

Indiana

• 1. John Law (Dem.)
• 2. James A. Cravens (Dem.)
• 3. H.W. Harrington (Dem.)
• 4. William S. Holman (Dem.)
• 5. George W. Julian (Rep.)
• 6. Ebenezer Dumont (Rep.)
• 7. Daniel W. Voorhees (Dem.)
• 8. Godlove S. Orth (Rep.)
• 9. Schuyler Colfax (Rep.)
• 10. Joseph K. Edgerton (Dem.)
• 11. James F. McDowell (Dem.)

Iowa

• 1. James F. Wilson (Rep.)
• 2. Hiram Price (Rep.)
• 3. William B. Allison (Rep.)
• 4. J.B. Grinnell (Rep.)
• 5. John A. Kasson (Rep.)
• 6. A.W. Hubbard (Rep.)

Kansas

• A/L. A. Carter Wilder (Rep.)

Kentucky

• 1. Lucien Anderson (Unconditional Unionist)
• 2. George H. Yeaman (Unionist)
• 3. Henry Grider (Unionist)
• 4. Aaron Harding (Unionist)
• 5. Robert Mallory (Unionist)
• 6. Green Clay Smith (Unconditional Unionist)
• 7. Brutus J. Clay (Unionist)
• 8. William H. Randall (Unconditional Unionist)
• 9. William H. Wadsworth (Unionist)

Louisiana

• all seats vacant

Maine

• 1. L.D.M. Sweat (Dem.)
• 2. Sidney Perham (Rep.)
• 3. James G. Blaine (Rep.)
• 4. John H. Rice (Rep.)
• 5. F.A. Pike (Rep.)

Maryland

• 1. John A. J. Creswell (Unconditional Unionist)
• 2. Edwin H. Webster (Unconditional Unionist)
• 3. Henry Winter Davis (Unconditional Unionist)
• 4. Francis Thomas (Unconditional Unionist)
• 5. Benjamin G. Harris (Dem.)

Massachusetts

• 1. Thomas D. Eliot (Rep.)
• 2. Oakes Ames (Rep.)
• 3. Alexander H. Rice (Rep.)
• 4. Samuel Hooper (Rep.)
• 5. John B. Alley (Rep.)
• 6. Daniel W. Gooch (Rep.)
• 7. George S. Boutwell (Rep.)
• 8. John D. Baldwin (Rep.)
• 9. William B. Washburn (Rep.)
• 10. Henry L. Dawes (Rep.)

Michigan

• 1. Fernando C. Beaman (Rep.)
• 2. Charles Upson (Rep.)
• 3. John W. Longyear (Rep.)
• 4. Francis W. Kellogg (Rep.)
• 5. Augustus C. Baldwin (Dem.)
• 6. John F. Driggs (Rep.)

Minnesota

• 1. William Windom (Rep.)
• 2. Ignatius L. Donnelly (Rep.)

Mississippi

• all seats vacant

Missouri

• 1. Francis P. Blair, Jr. (Unconditional Unionist) ...contested election, served until June 10, 1864.

  Samuel Knox (Unconditional Unionist) ...contested election, seated June 15, 1864.

• 2. Henry T. Blow (Unconditional Unionist)
• 3. John W. Noell (Unconditional Unionist) ...died March 14, 1863, before Congress assembled.

  John G. Scott (Dem.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1863.

• 4. Sempronius H. Boyd (Unconditional Unionist)
• 5. Joseph W. McClurg (Unconditional Unionist)
• 6. Austin A. King (Unionist)
• 7. Benjamin F. Loan (Unconditional Unionist)
• 8. William A. Hall (Unionist)
• 9. James S. Rollins (Unionist)

Nevada

• A/L. Henry G. Worthington (Rep.) ...new state, seated December 21, 1864.

New Hampshire

• 1. Daniel Marcy (Dem.)
• 2. E.H. Rollins (Rep.)
• 3. James W. Patterson (Rep.)

New Jersey

• 1. John F. Starr (Rep.)
• 2. George Middleton (Dem.)
• 3. William G. Steele (Dem.)
• 4. Andrew J. Rogers (Dem.)
• 5. Nehemiah Perry (Dem.)

New York

• 1. H.G. Stebbins (Dem.) ...resigned October 24, 1864.

  Dwight Townsend (Dem.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 5, 1864.

• 2. Martin Kalbfleisch (Dem.)
• 3. M.F. Odell (Dem.)
• 4. Benjamin Wood (Dem.)
• 5. Fernando Wood (Dem.)
• 6. Elijah Ward (Dem.)
• 7. John W. Chanler (Dem.)
• 8. James Brooks (Dem.)
• 9. Anson Herrick (Dem.)
• 10. William Radford (Dem.)
• 11. Charles H. Winfield (Dem.)
• 12. Homer A. Nelson (Dem.)
• 13. John B. Steele (Dem.)
• 14. Erastus Corning (Dem.) ...resigned October 5, 1863, before Congress assembled.

  John V.L. Pruyn (Dem.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1863.

• 15. John A. Griswold (Dem.)
• 16. Orlando Kellogg (Rep.)
• 17. C.T. Hulburd (Rep.)
• 18. James M. Marvin (Rep.)
• 19. Samuel F. Miller (Rep.)
• 20. A.W. Clark (Rep.)
• 21. Francis Kernan (Dem.)
• 22. DeWitt C. Littlejohn (Rep.)
• 23. Thomas T. Davis (Rep.)
• 24. T.M. Pomeroy (Rep.)
• 25. Daniel Morris (Rep.)
• 26. Giles W. Hotchkiss (Rep.)
• 27. Robert B. Van Valkenburg (Rep.)
• 28. Freeman Clarke (Rep.)
• 29. Augustus Frank (Rep.)
• 30. John Ganson (Dem.)
• 31. Reuben E. Fenton (Rep.) ...resigned December 20, 1864.

North Carolina

• all seats vacant

Ohio

• 1. George H. Pendleton (Dem.)
• 2. Alexander Long (Dem.)
• 3. Robert C. Schenck (Rep.)
• 4. J.F. McKinney (Dem.)
• 5. F.C. Le Blond (Dem.)
• 6. Chilton A. White (Dem.)
• 7. Samuel S. Cox (Dem.)
• 8. William Johnston (Dem.)
• 9. Warren P. Noble (Dem.)
• 10. James M. Ashley (Rep.)
• 11. Wells A. Hutchins (Dem.)
• 12. William E. Finck (Dem.)
• 13. John O'Neill (Dem.)
• 14. George Bliss (Dem.)
• 15. James R. Morris (Dem.)
• 16. Joseph W. White (Dem.)
• 17. E.R. Eckley (Rep.)
• 18. Rufus P. Spalding (Rep.)
• 19. James A. Garfield (Rep.)

Oregon

• A/L. J.R. McBride (Rep.)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Samuel J. Randall (Dem.)
• 2. Charles O'Neill (Rep.)
• 3. Leonard Myers (Rep.)
• 4. William D. Kelley (Rep.)
• 5. M. Russell Thayer (Rep.)
• 6. John D. Stiles (Dem.)
• 7. John M. Broomall (Rep.)
• 8. S.E. Ancona (Dem.)
• 9. Thaddeus Stevens (Rep.)
• 10. Myer Strouse (Dem.)
• 11. Philip Johnson (Dem.)
• 12. Charles Denison (Dem.)
• 13. Henry W. Tracy (Independent Rep.)
• 14. William H. Miller (Dem.)
• 15. Joseph Bailey (Dem.)
• 16. Alexander H. Coffroth (Dem.)
• 17. Archibald McAllister (Dem.)
• 18. James T. Hale Independent Rep.
• 19. Glenni W. Scofield (Rep.)
• 20. Amos Myers (Rep.)
• 21. John L. Dawson (Dem.)
• 22. James K. Moorhead (Rep.)
• 23. Thomas Williams (Rep.)
• 24. Jesse Lazear (Dem.)

Rhode Island

• 1. Thomas A. Jenckes (Rep.)
• 2. Nathan F. Dixon, Jr. (Rep.)

South Carolina

• all seats vacant

Tennessee

• all seats vacant

Texas

• all seats vacant

Vermont

• 1. F.E. Woodbridge (Rep.)
• 2. Justin S. Morrill (Rep.)
• 3. Portus Baxter (Rep.)

Virginia

• all seats vacant

West Virginia

• 1. Jacob B. Blair (Unconditional Unionist) ...new state, seated December 7, 1863.
• 2. William G. Brown (Unconditional Unionist) ...new state, seated December 7, 1863.
• 3. Kellian Whaley (Unconditional Unionist) ...new state, seated December 7, 1863.

Wisconsin

• 1. James S. Brown (Dem.)
• 2. I.C. Sloan (Rep.)
• 3. Amasa Cobb (Rep.)
• 4. Charles A. Eldredge (Dem.)
• 5. Ezra Wheeler (Dem.)
• 6. Walter D. McIndoe (Rep.)

[edit] Delegates

Arizona Territory

• A/L. Charles D. Poston (Rep.) ...new territory, seated December 5, 1864.

Colorado Territory

• A/L. Hiram P. Bennet (Rep.)

Dakota Territory

• A/L. William Jayne (Independent) ...contested election, served until June 17, 1864.

  John B.S. Todd (Dem.) ...contested election, seated June 17, 1864.

Idaho Territory

• A/L. William H. Wallace (Rep.) ...new territory, seated February 1, 1864.

Montana Territory

• A/L. Samuel McLean (Dem.) ...new territory, seated January 6, 1865.

Nebraska Territory

• A/L. Samuel G. Daily (Rep.)

Nevada Territory

• A/L. Gordon N. Mott (Rep.) ...admitted to the union as a state, October 31, 1864.

New Mexico Territory

• A/L. Francisco Perea (Rep.)

Utah Territory

• A/L. John F. Kinney (Dem.)

Washington Territory

• A/L. George E. Cole (Dem.)

[edit] Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

See also: 38th United States Congress - Membership Changes

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 2
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Republican: no net change

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 2
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Republican: no net change

• deaths: 1
• resignations: 2
• interim appointments: 1
• seats of newly admitted seats: 4

• Total seats with changes: 4

[edit] House of Representatives

• replacements: 6
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Republican: no net change
  • Unconditional Unionist: no net change

• deaths: 3
• resignations: 3
• contested election: 1
• seats of newly admitted seats: 4

• Total seats with changes: 7

[edit] Officers

[edit] Senate

• Secretary of the Senate:
  • John W. Forney of Pennsylvania elected July 15, 1861
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
  • George T. Brown of Illinois, elected July 6, 1861
• Chaplain of the Senate
  • The Rev. Byron Sunderland Presbyterian, elected July 10, 1861
  • The Rev. Thomas Bowman Methodist, elected May 11, 1864

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk of the House:
  • Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania, elected December 8, 1863
• Sergeant at Arms of the House:
  • Nehemiah G. Ordway of New Hampshire, elected December 8, 1863
• Doorkeeper of the House:
  • Ira Goodnow of New York, elected December 8, 1863
• Postmaster of the House:
  • William S. King of Minnesota, elected December 8, 1863
• Messenger to the Speaker:
  • Thaddeus Morrice
  • William D. Todd
• Chaplain of the House
  • The Rev. William H. Channing ’’Unitarian’’, elected December 7, 1863

[edit] Other

• Architect of the Capitol:
  • Thomas U. Walter, appointed June 11, 1851

[edit] Notes

1. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]

	United States Congress Senate • Senators • Senate Leaders • Senate Committees • Senate Elections House • Representatives • House Leaders • House Committees • House Elections • House Districts

Congresses
1 (1789) 2 (1791) 3 (1793) 4 (1795) 5 (1797) 6 (1799) 7 (1801) 8 (1803) 9 (1805) 10 (1807)	11 (1809) 12 (1811) 13 (1813) 14 (1815) 15 (1817) 16 (1819) 17 (1821) 18 (1823) 19 (1825) 20 (1827)	21 (1829) 22 (1831) 23 (1833) 24 (1835) 25 (1837) 26 (1839) 27 (1841) 28 (1843) 29 (1845) 30 (1847)	31 (1849) 32 (1851) 33 (1853) 34 (1855) 35 (1857) 36 (1859) 37 (1861) 38 (1863) 39 (1865) 40 (1867)	41 (1869) 42 (1871) 43 (1873) 44 (1875) 45 (1877) 46 (1879) 47 (1881) 48 (1883) 49 (1885) 50 (1887)	51 (1889) 52 (1891) 53 (1893) 54 (1895) 55 (1897) 56 (1899) 57 (1901) 58 (1903) 59 (1905) 60 (1907)	61 (1909) 62 (1911) 63 (1913) 64 (1915) 65 (1917) 66 (1919) 67 (1921) 68 (1923) 69 (1925) 70 (1927)	71 (1929) 72 (1931) 73 (1933) 74 (1935) 75 (1937) 76 (1939) 77 (1941) 78 (1943) 79 (1945) 80 (1947)	81 (1949) 82 (1951) 83 (1953) 84 (1955) 85 (1957) 86 (1959) 87 (1961) 88 (1963) 89 (1965) 90 (1967)	91 (1969) 92 (1971) 93 (1973) 94 (1975) 95 (1977) 96 (1979) 97 (1981) 98 (1983) 99 (1985) 100 (1987)	101 (1989) 102 (1991) 103 (1993) 104 (1995) 105 (1997) 106 (1999) 107 (2001) 108 (2003) 109 (2005) 110 (2007)