Bozorg Alavi
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Bozorg Alavi (بزرگ علوی in Persian) (February 2, 1904–February 18, 1997) was an influential Iranian writer, novelist, and political intellectual. He was a founding member of the communist Tudeh Party of Iran in the 1940s and spent the rest of his life in exile in Germany, first during the Pahlavi regime and subsequently following the 1979 revolution. His finest novel is Cheshmhayash (Her Eyes), which was published in Iran in 1952 and was subsequently banned.
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[edit] Life
Bozorg Alavi (born Seyyed Mojtaba Alavi) was born in Tehran, Iran. He was the third of six children. His father, Abul Hassan Alavi, took part in the 1906 Constitutional Revolution and later published (with Hassan Taqizadeh) the progressive newsletter Kaveh (Kaweh) in Germany.
Bozorg Alavi had his primary schooling in Tehran. In 1922 he was sent to Berlin along with his older brother Morteza, to study. Upon his return to Iran in 1927, he first taught German in Shiraz and later in Tehran. During these years he met and befriended Sadegh Hedayat. Around this time he became active in the meetings held by Dr. Erani and was one of the famous 53 persons who were jailed in 1937 under the regime of Reza Shah for communist acitivies. Alavi himself claimed that he was not involved politically at the time and simply was in a group of literati, who among other things read communist writings. He was given a 7-year sentence, but was released after 4 years in 1941 after a general amnesty following the Allied control of Iran. Upon his release he published his Scrap Papers of Prison and Fifty Three Persons, and continued his political activities, becoming a founding member of the communist Tudeh Party of Iran and serving as editor of its publication Mardom (People). Alavi was in Germany when the 1953 Coup d'état overthrew the government of Premier Mossadegh and resulted in massive arrests and imprisonment. Alavi stayed in exile in East Berlin, teaching at Humboldt University, until the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty and the emergence of the 1979 Iranian Revolution.
In spring of 1979 he returned briefly to Iran after 25 years in exile and was warmly received by the Iranian Writers Association, including such writers/poets as Ahmad Shamlou, Mahmoud Dolatabadi, Siavash Kasraie and others. He returned to Iran a year later in 1980 for another short visit and was dismayed by the repressive turn of the revolution. He continued to lived and work in Berlin, visiting Iran for the last time in 1993. He died in Berlin in 1997.
Before his exile, he married his cousin Fatameh Alavi and had a son, Dr. Mani Alavi. In 1956, he married Gertrud Paarszh in Germany who stayed with him until his death.
[edit] Selected works
Major Works:
- Chamedan (The Suitcase) (1934)
- Varaq Pareh'ha-ye Zendan (Scrap Papers of Prison) (1941)
- Panjah-o Seh Nafar (Fifty Three Persons) (1942)
- Nameh' ha va Dastan'ha-ye digar (Letters and Other Stories) (1952)
- Chashmhayash (Her Eyes) (1952)
Other Writings:
- Div...Div (Demon...Demon), in the collection Aniran (Non-Iranian) (1931)
- Uzbakha (The Uzbeks) (1948)
- Kampfendes Iran (1955, Berlin)
- Geschichte und Entwicklung der modernen persischen Literatur (1964, Berlin)
- Salariha (The Salari Family)
- Mirza
Translations into Persian:
- Anton Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard
- Samuil Marshak's Twelve Months
- George Bernard Shaw's Mrs. Warren's Profession
- J.B. Priestley's An Inspector Calls
- Friedrich Schiller's Jungfrau von Orleans
- Theodor Nöldeke's Das Iranische Nationalepos
[edit] External links
- Bozorg Alavi "official" site
[edit] References
- Donne Raffat, The Prison Papers of Bozorg Alavi: A Literary Odyssey, Syracuse University Press,1985. ISBN 0-8156-0195-6
- Hassan Kamshad, Modern Persian Prose Literature, Ibex Publishers, 1996. ISBN 0-936347-72-4
- Bozorg Alavi, Ehsan Yarshater, John O'Kane, Her Eyes, Rowman & Littlefield (1989). ISBN 0-8191-7344-4
