Charles Edouard Guillaume

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george Guillaume

Pastel portrait of Charles Édouard Guillaume in 1922, by L.-C Breslau.
Born	February 15, 1861 Fleurier, Switzerland
Died	May 13, 1938 Sèvres, France
Residence	Switzerland, France
Nationality	Swiss
Field	Physicist
Institution	Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Sèvres
Alma mater	Zurich Polytechnic
Known for	Invar and Elinvar
Notable prizes	Nobel Prize (1920)

Charles Édouard Guillaume (February 15, 1861, Fleurier – June 13, 1938, Sèvres), was a French-Swiss Physicist that received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 in recognition of the service he had rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys.

He discovered alloys which he called "invar" and "elinvar" which were useful in building precision instruments and antimagnetic watches.

Guillaume worked with Kristian Birkeland. He served at the Observatoire de Paris—Section de Meudon. He conducted several experiments with thermostatic measurements at the observatory. He was the first to determine the correct temperature of space.

He married A.M. Taufflieb (m. 1888) and they had three children.

[edit] Published works

• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "La Température de L'Espace", La Nature, volume 24, 1896.
  • [tr. Temperature of Space]
• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Études thermométriques". 1886.
  • [tr. Studies on Thermometry]
• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Traité de thermométrie". 1889.
  • [tr. Treatise on Thermometry]
• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Unités et Étalons". 1894.
  • [tr. Units and Standards]
• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Les rayons X". 1896.
  • [tr. X-Rays]
• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Recherches sur le nickel et ses alliages". 1898.
  • [tr. Investigations on Nickel and its Alloys]
• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "La vie de la matière". 1899.
  • [tr. The Life of Matter]
• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "La Convention du Mètre et le Bureau international des Poids et Mesures". 1902.
  • [tr. Metrical Convention and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures]
• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Les applications des aciers au nickel". 1904.
  • [tr. Applications of Nickel-Steels]
• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Des états de la matière". 1907.
  • [tr. States of Matter]
• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Les récents progrès du système métrique". 1907, 1913.
  • [tr. Recent progress in the Metric System]
• Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Initiation à la Mécanique".
  • [tr. Introduction to Mechanics]

[edit] External links and references

• Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921, " Charles-Edouard Guillaume – Biography". Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
• lanl.gov, "History". Pioneers in the development of the Plasma Universe.