Dobrotitsa
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Dobrotitsa (Bulgarian: Добротица, IPA: /dɔ.ˈbrɔ.ti.ca/; Romanian: Dobrotici or Dobrotiţă; Τομπροτίτζας in contemporaneous Byzantine documents;[1] Dobrodicie in contemporaneous Genoese documents[2]) was a Bulgarian noble, ruler of the de facto independent Principality of Karvuna and the Kaliakra fortress from 1354 to 1379–1386.
His ethnic origin is disputed, Dobrotitsa being considered a Bulgarian[3] noble kindred of the Terter dynasty[4] [5], a Vlach[6], or a Christianized Turk[7].
In 1346, Dobrotitsa and his brother Theodore sent 1,000 soldiers to help the Byzantine empress Anne of Savoy with the intestine problems she faced. In 1348 Dobrotitsa took over the fortress of Midia and by 1356 managed to seize Kozyak (present-day Obzor) and Emona (on Cape Emine) from the Byzantines.[8]
In 1366 Emperor Ivan Alexander refused to give conduct to the Byzantine emperor John V Palaiologos who was returning home from Hungary. In order to force the Bulgarians to do this, Ioan V orderred his relative Count Amadeus VI of Savoy to attack the Bulgarian coastal towns. In the fall of the same year Amadeo's navy capturred Pomorie, Nessebar, Emona and on 25 October he besieged the strong fortress Varna, where he was repulsed. As a result Ivan Alexander gave the Byzantine save conduct across Bulgaria and they kept the conquered towns.[9]
In 1369 he and Vladislav I of Wallachia helped Emperor Ivan Alexander to defeat the Hungarians and liberate Vidin.[10]. Out of gratitude, the Emperor gave him Emona and Kozyak. [11]
Later he built a navy in Varna which was engaged in actions as far as Trebizond. The Genoese manuscripts write that the Medieval Bulgarian Navy was very strong albeit rather small and achieved successes against the Ottomans and Genoese.[citation needed]
The names of the region of Dobruja derives from the Turkish rendition of his name.[12] The city of Dobrich and two villages in northern Bulgaria are also named after him.
[edit] References
- ^ John Kantakouzenos, Historiarum, II, p584-585, ed. Bonn
- ^ M. Balard, Actes de Kilia du notaire Antonio di Ponzo, 1360 in Genes et l'Outre-Mer, II, Paris, 1980 [1]
- ^ Васил Н. Златарски, История на българската държава през средните векове, Част I, II изд., Наука и изкуство, София 1970.
- ^ Г. Бакалов, История на българите, Том 1, 2003, с457
- ^ Петър Николов, Сквирските князе Половци-Рожиновски - клон на династията Тертер, online, retrieved 03-24-2007
- ^ Nicolae Iorga, Notes d’un historien relatives aux événements des Balcans in Bulletin de la Section Historique de l'Academie Roumaine, Bucharest, 1913
- ^ Halil Inalcik, Dobrudja in Encyclopedia of Islam, II, Leiden, 1991
- ^ Ioannes Cantacuzenus Historiarum..., II, p384 sq
- ^ Fine, Late Medieval Balkans, p. 367
- ^ Георги Бакалов, История на България, "Есента, 1369 г."
- ^ Гюзелев в. Средновековната крепост Калиакра, с.127
- ^ Paul Wittek, Yazijioghlu 'Ali on the Christian Turks of the Dobruja in BSOAS, London, 1952
- Васил Н. Златарски, История на българската държава през средните векове, Част I, II изд., Наука и изкуство, София 1970.
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