Branchial pouch

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Branchial pouch

Pattern of the branchial arches. I-IV branchial arches, 1-4 branchial pouches (inside) and/or pharyngeal grooves (outside) a Tuberculum laterale b Tuberculum impar c Foramen cecum d Ductus thyreoglossus e Sinus cervicalis

Floor of pharynx of human embryo about twenty-six days old.
Gray's	subject #13 65
Carnegie stage	10
Dorlands/Elsevier	p_31/12662655

In the development of vertebrate animals, Pharyngeal or branchial pouches form on the endodermal side between the branchial arches, and pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form from the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches. The pouches line up with the clefts, and these thin segments become gills in fish.

1 The pouches
2 See also
3 External links

[edit] The pouches

[edit] First pouch

This is the only pouch in which the endoderm and ectoderm remain close together, as the tympanic membrane. There is minimal mesoderm in the tympanic membrane.

The endoderm lines the future auditory tube, middle ear, mastoid antrum, and inner layer of the tympanic membrane.
The ectoderm lines the future external acoustic meatus and outer layer of the tympanic membrane.
Mesoderm remains as the middle portion of the tympanic membrane, where the endoderm of the first pharyngeal pouch and the ectoderm of the first pharyngeal cleft have met.

[edit] Second pouch

Contributes to the middle ear, tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve.

[edit] Third pouch

The third pouch possesses Dorsal and Ventral wings. Derivatives of Dorsal include the inferior parathyroid glands, while the ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus. The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is Cranial Nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve.