National syndicalism
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National Syndicalism is a variant of syndicalism typically associated with the labor movement in Italy which would later become a basis of Benito Mussolini’s National Fascist Party.
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[edit] Outlook
Unlike anarcho-syndicalists, trade unionists, and other Marxists elements of the Italian labor movement, the national syndicalists supported Italy’s involvement in the World War I. They also rejected the internationalism of the anarchists and Marxists in favor of militarism and nationalism.
National syndicalists imagined that the liberal democratic political system would be destroyed in a massive general strike, at which point the nation’s economy would be transformed into a corporatist model based on class cooperation, contrasted with Marxist class struggle. (see the Nazi model of Volksgemeinschaft).
Some famous advocates of National Syndicalism are the Italian Alceste De Ambris, British Union of Fascists leader Sir Oswald Mosley, and Italian Fascist Party member Sergio Panunzio.
[edit] Iberian context
National syndicalism in the Iberian Peninsula is a political theory similar to the fascist idea of corporatism, and inspired by Integralism and the Action Française (for a French parallel, see Cercle Proudhon). It was formulated in Spain by Ramiro Ledesma Ramos in a manifesto published in his periodical La Conquista del Estado on March 14, 1931.
National syndicalism was intended to win over the anarcho-syndicalist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) to a corporatist nationalism. Ledesma's manifesto was discussed in the CNT congress of 1931. However, the National Syndicalist movement effectively emerged as a separate political tendency. Later the same year, Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista was formed, and subsequently fused with Falange Española and, in 1936, with Carlism. It was one of the ideological bases of Francoist Spain, especially in the early years.
The ideology was present in Portugal with the Movimento Nacional-Sindicalista (active in the early 1930s), its leader Francisco Rolão Preto being a collaborator of Falange ideologue José Antonio Primo de Rivera.
The Spanish version theory has influenced the Kataeb Party in Lebanon, the Falange Boricua in Puerto Rico, and other groups that have fascist sympathies but usually reject racism.
