Payne effect
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The Payne effect is a particular feature of the stress-strain behavior of rubber, especially rubber compounds containing fillers such as carbon black. It is named after the British rubber scientist A. R. Payne, who made extensive studies of the effect (e.g. Payne 1962). The effect is sometimes also known as the Fletcher-Gent effect, after the authors of the first study of the phenomenon (Fletcher & Gent 1953). The effect is observed under cyclic loading conditions, and is manifest as a dependence of the viscoelastic storage modulus on the amplitude of the applied strain. Above approximately 0.1% strain amplitude, the storage modulus decreases rapidly with increasing amplitude. At sufficiently large strain amplitudes (roughly 20%), the storage modulus approaches a lower bound.
[edit] References
- Fletcher W. P. and Gent A. N. (1953). Non-Linearity in the Dynamic Properties of Vulcanised Rubber Compounds, Trans. Inst. Rubber Ind. 29, pp 266–280
- Payne A. R. (1962). The Dynamic Properties of Carbon Black-Loaded Natural Rubber Vulcanizates. Part I , J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 6 (19), pp 57–53.
