Four Commanderies of Han

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The Four Commanderies of Han (漢四郡, 한사군) are Lelang, Lintun, Xuantu and Zhenfan commanderies in the western Korean peninsula or Liaodong set up by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in early 2nd century BC after his conquest of Wiman Joseon. The commanderies were set up to control the populace in the area previously under the control of Gojoseon.

Goguryeo eventually attacked and occupied the four commanderies as it rose in power.

The actural positions of the commanderies other than Lelang commandery are still under debate.

Lelang Commandery (樂浪郡, 낙랑군):^[1] established in 108 B.C., 25 prefectures, 62,812 houses, 406,748 people. (B.C. 108 ~ A.D. 313)
Lintun Commandery (臨屯郡, 임둔군) (B.C. 107 ~ B.C. 82)
Xuantu Commandery (玄菟郡, 현도군):^[2] established in 107 B.C., 3 prefectures, 45,006 houses, 221,845 people. (B.C. 107 ~ A.D. 302)
Zhenfan Commandery (真番郡, 진번군)(B.C. 107 ~ B.C. 82)

Other Commanderies of Han.
- Daifang Commandery (帶方郡, 대방군)(A.D. 204 ~ A.D. 313)

Other descriptions: the Tongdian,^[3] the Records of Three Kingdoms,^[4] the Book of Later Han^[5]

[edit] See Also

Protectorate General to Pacify the East (安東都護府, 안동도호부)

[edit] References

^ 前漢書卷二十八地理志第八 "樂浪郡，武帝元封三年開。莽曰樂鮮。屬幽州。戶六萬二千八百一十二，口四十萬六千七百四十八。有雲鄣。縣二十五：朝鮮，□邯，浿水，水西至增地入海。莽曰樂鮮亭。含資，帶水西至帶方入海。黏蟬，遂成，增地，莽曰增土。帶方，駟望，海冥，莽曰海桓，列口，長岑，屯有，昭明，高部都尉治。鏤方，提奚，渾彌，吞列，分黎山，列水所出。西至黏蟬入海，行八百二十里。東暆，不而，東部都尉治。蠶台，華麗，邪頭昧，前莫，夫租。" Wikisource: the Book of Han, volume 28-2
^ 玄菟郡，武帝元封四年開。高句驪，莽曰下句驪。屬幽州。戶四萬五千六。口二十二萬一千八百四十五。縣三：高句驪，遼山，遼水所出，西南至遼隊入大遼水。又有南蘇水，西北經塞外。上殷台，莽曰下殷。西蓋馬。馬訾水西北入鹽難水，西南至西安平入海，過郡二，行二千一百里。莽曰玄菟亭。Wikisource: the Book of Han, volume 28-2
^ 通典邊防朝鮮武帝元封三年、遣樓船將軍楊僕從齊[[浮渤海、兵五萬、左將軍荀彘出遼東、討之。朝鮮人相與殺王右渠来降。遂以朝鮮為真蕃、臨屯、楽浪、玄菟四郡。今悉為東夷之地。昭帝時罷臨屯、真蕃以并楽浪、玄菟。
^ 三國志卷30 魏書烏丸鮮卑東夷傳穢自單單大山領以西屬樂浪、自領以東七縣、都尉主之、皆以濊為民。後省都尉、封其渠帥為侯、今不耐濊皆其種也。漢末更屬句麗。Wikisource: the Records of Three Kingdoms, volume 30
^ 後漢書卷85 東夷列傳濊至元封三年、滅朝鮮、分置樂浪・臨屯・玄菟・真番四郡。至昭帝始元五年、罷臨屯・真番、以并樂浪・玄菟。玄菟復徙居句驪、自單單大領已東、沃沮・濊貊悉屬樂浪。後以境土廣遠、復分領東七縣、置樂浪東部都尉。the Book of Later Han, volume 85