Gohad
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Gohad
Madhya Pradesh, India |
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 Gohad
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| District(s) | Bhind |
| Coordinates | |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area • Elevation |
• 159 m (522 ft) |
| Population | 45,194 (2001) |
Gohad is a city and a municipality in Bhind district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. A town of historical importance it is situated close to the city of Gwalior.
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[edit] History
According to Alexander Cunningham and William Cook, people of the Jat caste from village Bamrauli (near Agra) settled the town of Gohad in 1505 and constructed the Gohad Fort[1]. [2]This later developed into an important Jat stronghold. The Jat rulers of Gohad were awarded the title of rana.
The chronology of Jat overlords of Gohad has 17 names including Singhandev I[3][4]:
- Singhandev II, 1505 - 1524
- Devi Singh, 1524 - 1535
- Udyaut Singh, 1535 - 1546
- Anup Singh, 1546 -
- Sambhu Singh,
- Abhay Chander, 1604 - 1628
- Ram Chander,1628 - 1647
- Ratan Singh, 1647 - 1664
- Uday Singh, 1664 - 1685
- Bagh Raj, 1685 - 1699
- Gaj Singh, 1699 - 1704
- Jaswant Singh, 1704 - 1707
- Bhim Singh, 1707 - 1756
- Girdhar Pratap, 1756 - 1757
- Chhatar Singh, 1757 - 1785
- Kirat Singh, 1803 - 1805 (moved to Dholpur from 1805)
The historically important rulers among the above were Bhim Singh (1707-1756) and Chhatar Singh (1757-1785). They occupied the Gwalior fort twice; Bhim Singh from 1740 to 1756 and Chhatra Singh from 1780 to 1783. During this period, they constructed several monuments within Gwalior fort, including the Cenotaph of Bhim Singh.[5]
After the death of Rana Chhatar Singh in 1785 entire Gohad area became a symbol of anarchy, plundering and killing for 18 years. The Jat rebels could be controlled neither by the Marathas nor by British troops. In 1789 Daulat Rao Scindia attempted to capture Gohad but could not do so. The revolutionary Jats unanimously declared Kirat Singh son of samant Tarachand of village Neerpur in 1803. Samant Tarachand was cousin brother of Rana Chhatar Singh. The coronation ceremony of Kirat Singh took place at ‘Bagathara fortress’, situated at a distance of 12 miles from Gohad, as Gohad and Gwalior were in possession of Sindhia.[6]
In Second Anglo-Maratha War between Britishers and Marathas at Laswari on 1 November 1803, Lord Lake defeated Sindhia and vanished his reputation.[7] [8]In this war the Jats helped Britishers. The British army officers had affection for Jats.[9]
Later the British concluded a treaty with Jats and with their help defeated Marathas and won back Gwalior and Gohad from them. The British kept Gwalior with them and handed over Gohad to Jats in 1804.[10]
Gohad was handed over to Marathas under a revised treaty dated 22 November 1805 between Marathas and Britishers. Under this treaty Gohad ruler Rana Kirat Singh was given Dhaulpur, Badi and Rajakheda in exchange with Gohad. Rana Kirat Singh moved to Dhaulpur in December 1805.[11] Sindhias could take over Gohad on 27 February 1806 with the help of Britishers. Thus the Rana Jat rulers of Bamraulia gotra ruled Gohad for 300 years from 1505-1805. [12]
[edit] Gohad Fort
Rana Singhandev II had founded Gohad fort but Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana, Maharaja Chhatra Singh and Maharaja Kirat Singh did the major construction works.[13] The site of Gohad fort was selected strategically on the Vaisli River where it takes a circular turn. The river was dug and flow of river was extended up to the fort to take a semi circular shape.[14] The fort has 7 gates named after the villages to which they face and the way they lead to. These are Itayli (in south), Barthara (in west), Gohadi (in northwest), Birkhari (in northeast), Kathwan (in east), Kharaua (in southeast) and Saraswati. The fort was protected with four lines of defence. [15]
The Jat rulers of Gohad constructed several other monuments including forts, palaces, temples, wells and gardens which are of archaeological and historical importance. These include the Gohad Fort, Itayali Darwaja, Chhatra Mahal, Shish Mahal, Satbhanwar, Laxman-tal, Rani-guru temple, Laxman temple and Modi-ki-Haveli to mention a few.[16] [17]
[edit] Geography
Gohad is located at [18]. It has an average elevation of 159 metres (521 feet).
coor title dm|26|26|N|78|27|E|region:IN_type:city
[edit] Demographics
As of 2001 India censusGRIndia, Gohad had a population of 45,194. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Gohad has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 44%. In Gohad, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), p.14-15
- ^ Upendra Nath Sharma:Jaton ka Navin Itihas, p.46
- ^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), p.17
- ^ Dr. Natthan Singh (2004) : "Jat Itihas"
- ^ Dr Natthan Singh (2004) : "Jat Itihas",p.358-60
- ^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), p.61-62
- ^ GS Desai:Marathon kaavin Itihas,partIII,p.446-47
- ^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), p.62
- ^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), p.62
- ^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), p.63
- ^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi), p.71
- ^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi)
- ^ Jatvir smarika, 1992
- ^ Jatvir smarika, 1992
- ^ Jatvir smarika, 2005
- ^ Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi)
- ^ Dr. Natthan Singh (2004) : "Jat Itihas"
- ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Gohad
[edit] Further reading
- Dr. Ajay Kumar Agnihotri (1985) : "Gohad ke jaton ka Itihas" (Hindi)
- Dr. Natthan Singh (2004) : "Jat Itihas"
- Jat Samaj, Agra: October-November 2004
- Dr. Natthan Singh (2005): Sujas Prabandh (Gohad ke Shasakon ki Veer gatha – by Poet Nathan), Jat Veer Prakashan Gwalior
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