Highway 403 (Ontario)

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Highway 403
Chedoke Expressway Chedoke Parkway
Length:	126 km (78.3 miles)
Formed:	1963
Direction:	East/West
From:	Woodstock, Ontario
To:	Mississauga, Ontario
Major cities:	Brantford, Hamilton, Mississauga

Highway 403 is a 400-Series Highway in Ontario, Canada that extends 126 km (78.3 mi.) from Woodstock in the west to Mississauga in the east, branching off from and reuniting with Highway 401 at both ends. It is concurrently signed with the Queen Elizabeth Way on a 22 km (14 mi.) stretch from Burlington to Mississauga. Highway 403 is also known as the Chedoke Expressway or Chedoke Parkway within Hamilton. Highway 403 is also notable because it was discontinuous for much of its history, at one point having two and three separate sections.

[edit] Hamilton-Ancaster segment

A predecessor project to Highway 403 was when a new alignment of QEW, the Freeman Diversion, opened in 1960, bypassing the existing alignment which was renamed Plains Road. The new QEW not only improved access to the Burlington Skyway, it also allowed for the Freeman Interchange (a semi-directional "T" junction) to be built for the future Highway 403. The Hamilton-Ancaster section of Highway 403 from Ancaster to the QEW in Burlington was completed in the 1960s.

This curving section of highway is noted for its scenic view as it descends down the Niagara Escarpment. The stretch through downtown Hamilton between Aberdeen Avenue and Main Street West is considered to be one of the more dangerous stretches of provincial freeways, because the curves are not designed to be taken at speeds beyond the 90 km/h (55 mph) posted speed limit.

[edit] Mississauga segment

The eastern section of Highway 403, which cut through Mississauga and stretched from the QEW in Oakville to Highway 401, was completed in 1982. Known informally as the Hamilton Expressway, it was initially designed to run parallel to Eglinton Avenue, carrying on to the 401-427 interchange. Metro Toronto planned to continue Highway 403 as the Richview Expressway, which would have then continued as the Crosstown Expressway to the Don Valley Parkway. A revised plan for Highway 403 in the late 1960s called for it to terminate at a "Y-junction" with the 401 just west of Renforth Drive and the 401-427 interchange.

In the end, Highway 403 curved north at Cawthra Road and terminates at the newer 401-410 junction. To accommodate Highway 403 traffic headed for Highway 427, the stretch of Highway 401 near Pearson International Airport was widened to an 18-lane collector-express system in 1986, with the collectors providing a direct connection between Highways 427 and 403. The right-of-way intended for the eastern extension of Highway 403 was eventually used for a controlled access arterial extension called Eastgate Parkway.

[edit] 401-403-410 interchange

Starting in the mid-1970s, the massive 401-403-410 interchange was completed in several stages. The first stage was the construction of the outermost 401 overpasses and 403 flyover ramps, along with the Dixie Road interchange. A loop ramp and directional ramp served 410 SB to 401 EB and vice versa, making for only a partial interchange since Highway 410 was only a two-lane freeway at the time. The new 401 bridges bypassed the original alignment of the 401 and accommodated the 410 loop ramp until the 1990s. Although these handled mainline traffic for the interim, they would serve as collector lanes/ramps for 401 and 403 by the time the project was complete.

In 1986-87, the 401-403 interchange was expanded with two extra high-speed flyover ramps between the existing 1970s ramps; these directly connected the 401 and 403 express lanes. Highway 403 was expanded to a 10-lane collector-express system between Eastgate Parkway and Highway 401. A collector-express system on Highway 401, completed shortly before in 1986, links the outermost Highway 403 ramps/collectors directly to Highway 427.

In the 1990s, concurrent with the widening of Highway 410 to a full freeway, the high-speed flyover ramps from and to the 401 EB were constructed. The original 401 alignment was also restored with a new six-lane overpass and now serve as express lanes, while the outermost 401 bridges from the 1970s were redesignated as collector lanes to serve Dixie Road. The old 410 SB to 401 EB loop ramp was demolished and the underpasses were used for 403 to 410 connecting ramps. This was finally completed in 1995, and because of its more recent design it uses high-mast lighting instead of the conventional truss lights found in the rest of the interchange. It is almost a four-level stack interchange although it is not completely finished, lacking ramps from 401 EB to 403 WB which prevents direct access from 401 to Cawthra Road.

The interchange is designed to accommodate the planned widening of Highway 401 to a 12 lane collector-express system west of the 401-403-410 junction (tentative date of construction start is 2006). This project also includes a proposal to add a directional ramp from 401 EB to 403 WB (where 403 runs north-south from a brief stretch) and a loop ramp in the opposite direction in order to better accommodate Cawthra Road traffic; this would make the interchange a full four-way junction.

[edit] Highway 407/Ninth Line

When the Mississauga section of Highway 403 was completed in 1982, it turned south at a curve near Ninth Line to meet the QEW, just east of Ford Drive in Oakville. However, the long term plans called for Highway 403 to maintain its east/west alignment and completely bypass the QEW until Burlington, making it possible that the short existing connection to the QEW would later be incorporated into the original routing of Highway 407. Nonetheless, the right-of-way intended for the complete Highway 403 remained vacant for a decade, until it was used instead for the Highway 407 extension to Burlington.

In 1987, the curve was replaced with high-speed flyover ramps, while additional completed ramps were temporary rerouted to Ninth Line and Trafalgar Road, pending the construction of the extension to Burlington. Designed to accommodate future construction and intended to be the first phase of a three-level modified stack interchange, these high-speed ramps now permanently serve as mainline 403 traffic when Highway 407 plans changed in 1999 to incorporate the 403 extension corridor. When the interchange was completed, it had been modified to treat Highway 407 as mainline traffic and access to Ninth Line was removed.

The QEW-403 "Y-junction" partial interchange in Oakville was designed to be a full "semi-directional T" interchange, with flyover ramps planned from Highway 403 to the QEW (Mississauga) segment east of the junction. This would allow for a direct connection from Highway 401 to the QEW, via the Highway 407 and 403 north-south segments that run parallel to Ninth Line. However, these ramps were not built because of the existing high traffic levels on the QEW's Mississauga section. At the moment, the QEW-403 interchange will remain a bypass of that congested segment of the QEW.

[edit] Brantford-Woodstock

A new segment of Highway 403 from Brantford to Highway 401 near Woodstock opened in 1990. During the construction of the flyover ramp where Highway 403 westbound terminates, Highway 401 westbound traffic was diverted to the partially completed flyover embankment in order to accelerate construction of the rest of the overpass. Highway 403 was briefly left with three discontinuous sections; Brantford-Woodstock, Hamilton-Ancaster, and Mississauga. As a temporary stopgap, traffic from the Woodstock segment was routed to Highway 2 in order to connect with the Hamilton segment. The last remaining gap between Brantford and Ancaster was plagued by numerous delays, and finally opened in 1997. Highway 2, which was the only parallel route before the completion of Highway 403, was subsequently downloaded.

[edit] Linking the segments

The Hamilton-Brantford and Mississauga sections of Highway 403 were initially planned to be linked up, but that land was used instead for an extension of Highway 407. After this decision, the province planned to renumber the Mississauga section as an extension of Highway 410, as that would have eliminated confusion with the unconnected Highway 403 segment in Woodstock/Hamilton, but that idea was later abandoned to avoid confusion for people accustomed to the "403" designation which has been use since 1982. Also, Highway 403 runs east-west for the most part, while Highway 410 is intended to run north-south. The freeway was finally made continuous in 2002, when the section of the QEW which connects both segments was co-signed as Highway 403, a rarity for 400-series highways.^[1]

[edit] HOV lanes

Highway 403 in Mississauga, showing construction of HOV lanes in the median. Also note the lighting masts on the side of the freeway.

In 2003, high-mast lighting was added to the previously unlit Mississauga section between Highway 407 and Eastgate Parkway. Due to land availability afforded by the hydro corridor which runs along the north side of the freeway, the high-mast poles are mounted on the north shoulder instead of in the median. The shoulders were widened between Erin Mills Parkway and Mavis Road for use as bus lanes.

This project preceded the widening of Highway 403 between Winston Churchill Blvd and Highway 401, which saw an HOV lane added in each direction; the project started in summer of 2004 and these opened on December 13, 2005. The HOV lanes and the dividing "Ontario tall-wall" concrete barrier were constructed using the existing right-of-way provided by the grass median. The conventional truss lighting between Eastgate Parkway and Highway 401/410, which had been installed in 1986, was replaced by shoulder-mounted high-mast lighting in late 2004.

Similar HOV lanes have been added to Highway 404 in York Region, marking the MTO's first foray into HOV facilities.

[edit] Proposed extension

This article contains information about a planned or expected future road. It may contain information of a speculative nature and the content may change dramatically as the road's construction and/or completion approaches and more information becomes available.

A provisional plan supported by local municipalities is to extend Highway 403 westward past Woodstock between London and St. Mary's to terminate at Highway 402 near Strathroy. This project does not currently have the support of the provincial government, however, all planning and development is being performed by the municipalities only^{[citation needed]}. It is expected that a portion of this new route would form part of London's proposed ring road/bypass route. Such an extension would back up the kilometre posts and the exit numbers would have to be revised accordingly if it comes to fruitition.

[edit] Exit number problem

In 2004, the Ontario Ministry of Transport started to give the exits on the western segment of the highway exit numbers. This causes a problem because the 403 is twinned with the QEW for about 20 kilometres between Burlington and Mississauga, which has its own exit numbers that don't fit in with the numbers on the western segment of the highway.

[edit] Volume information (2005)

• Highest Volume: 162,000 AADT from Eglington Avenue to Highway 401
• Lowest Volume: 20,000 AADT from Highway 401 to Oxford Road 53

[edit] Lane configurations from west to east

[edit] Interchanges from west to east (Highway 401 to Queen Elizabeth Way)

Municipality	Exit Number	Intersecting Roads
Norwich	0	Highway 401
Norwich	5	Highway 53 (Oxford Road 53)
Brant County	16	Middle Townline Road (Brant Road 25)
Brant County	27	Highway 24 South/Rest Acres Road (Brant Road 24)
Brant County	34	Paris Road
Brantford	36	Highway 24 North/King George Road
Brantford	38	Wayne Gretzky Parkway
Brantford	40	Garden Avenue
Hamilton	55	Highway 52 (Hamilton Road 52)
Hamilton	58	Wilson Street
Hamilton	60*	Fiddlers Green Road (Hamilton Road 16)
Hamilton	62*	Rymal Road/ Highway 6 South
Hamilton	64	Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway/Rousseaux Street
Hamilton	69	Aberdeen Avenue
Hamilton	70	King Street
Hamilton	73	York Road
Hamilton	75*	Highway 6 North
Burlington	78	Waterdown Road
Burlington	82	Queen Elizabeth Way/ Highway 407

(* Kilometre post numbers between 0 and 40 are actual posted exit numbers. Some exits beyond 40 are also actual exits; installation is currently underway on the remainder of this segment. *The remaining numbers are approximate kilometre posts.)

[edit] Interchanges from west to east (Highway 403 concurrently signed with the Queen Elizabeth Way)

Municipality	Exit Number*	Intersecting Roads
Burlington	101 (83*)	Brant Street (westbound only)
Burlington	102 (84*)	Guelph Line (Halton Road 1)
Burlington	105 (87*)	Walkers Line
Burlington	107 (89*)	Appleby Line
Burlington - Oakville Boundary	109 (91*)	Burloak Drive
Oakville	110 (92*)	Service Road (westbound only)
Oakville	111 (93*)	Bronte Road (Halton Road 25)
Oakville	113 (95*)	Third Line
Oakville	116 (98*)	Dorval Drive
Oakville	117 (99*)	Kerr Street closed during construction of Sixteen Mile Creek bridge
Oakville	118 (100*)	Trafalgar Drive (Halton Road 3)
Oakville	119 (101*)	Royal Windsor Drive (eastbound only)
Oakville	123 (105*)	Ford Drive, Highway 403 (eastbound only)

(* First number is the posted QEW exit number, second number is the unposted Highway 403 kilometre mark)

[edit] Interchanges from west to east (Queen Elizabeth Way to Highway 401/410)

Municipality	Kilometre Post*	Intersecting Roads
Oakville	105	Queen Elizabeth Way/Upper Middle Road/Ford Drive (westbound only)
Oakville - Mississauga Boundary	107	Dundas Street (Halton Road 5)
Mississauga	110	Highway 407
Mississauga	112	Winston Churchill Boulevard
Mississauga	114	Erin Mills Parkway (Peel Road 1)
Mississauga	118	Mavis Road
Mississauga	120	Hurontario Street
Mississauga	123	Cawthra Road (Peel Road 17) /Eastgate Parkway
Mississauga	124	Eglinton Avenue
Mississauga	126	Highway 401/ Highway 410

(* Exit numbers are not posted on this stretch of Highway 403.)

[edit] References

1. ^ Ministry of Transportation, Ontario government improves provincial highway numbering, February 11, 2002

[edit] External links

• Detailed history of Highway 403
• Detailed route information for Highway 403
• Virtual Tour of Highway 403

v • d • e

400-series highways of Ontario

Highways

400 • 401 • 402 • 403 • 404 • 405 • 406 • 407 ETR1 • 409 • 410 • 416 • 417 • 420 • 427 • QEW (451) 1Originally Provincially-controlled, now privately maintained

Proposed: 424 • Mid-Pen • Bradford Bypass

See Also: Ontario Provincial Highways • List of Ontario expressways • Quebec Autoroutes • Nova Scotia 100-Series Highways • Interstate Highways