Daftar algoritma

Dari Wikipedia Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas berbahasa Indonesia.

Artikel ini belum atau baru diterjemahkan sebagian dari bahasa Inggris. Bantulah Wikipedia untuk melanjutkannya. Lihat panduan penerjemahan Wikipedia.

Berikut adalah daftar algoritma.

Lihat juga daftar struktur data, daftar topik umum algoritma, dan daftar istilah yang berhubungan dengan algoritma dan struktur data.

Daftar isi 1 Algoritma kombinatorial 1.1 Algoritma kombinatorial umum 1.2 Algoritma graph 1.3 Algoritma pencarian 1.4 String algorithms 1.4.1 Searching 1.4.2 Approximate matching 1.5 Algoritma penyusunan 2 Compression algorithms 2.1 Lossless compression algorithms 2.2 Lossy compression algorithms 3 Computational geometry 4 Grafik komputer 5 Algoritma Kriptografi 6 Algoritma Distributed systems 7 Algoritma Numerical 7.1 Optimization algorithms 7.2 Digital signal processing 8 Number theoretic algorithms 9 Numerical algebra 10 Parsing 11 Teknik perangkat lunak 12 Algoritma kuantum 13 Algoritma medis 14 Lainnya

[sunting] Algoritma kombinatorial

[sunting] Algoritma kombinatorial umum

• Algoritma pencari-siklus Floyd: iterasi untuk mencari siklus dalam barisan/sekuens
• (uniformly distributed) Pseudorandom number generators:
  • Blum Blum Shub
  • Mersenne twister
• Robinson-Schensted algorithm: generates permutations from pairs of Young tableaux

[sunting] Algoritma graph

Artikel utama: Teori graph

• Algoritma Bellman-Ford: menghitung jarak terpendek pada graf berbobot, di mana sisi bisa memiliki bobot negatif
• Algoritma Dijkstra: menghitung jarak terpendek pada graf berbobot, tanpa sisi berbobot negatif.
• Algoritma Floyd-Warshall: menghitung solusi jarak terpendek untuk semua pasang titik pada sebuah graf berarah dan berbobot
• Algoritma Kruskal: mencari pohon rentang minimum pada sebuah graf
• Algoritma Prim: mencari pohon rentang minimum pada sebuah graf
• Algoritma Boruvka: mencari pohon rentang minimum pada sebuah graf
• Algoritma Ford-Fulkerson: computes the maximum flow in a graph
• Algoritma Edmonds-Karp: implementation of Ford-Fulkerson
• Nonblocking Minimal Spanning Switch say, for a telephone exchange
• Spring based algorithm: algorithm for graph drawing
• Topological sort
• Algoritma Hungaria: algorithm for finding a perfect matching

[sunting] Algoritma pencarian

• Pencarian linear: mencari sebuah item pada sebuah list tak berurut
• Algoritma seleksi: mencari item ke-k pada sebuah list
• Pencarian biner: menemukan sebuah item pada sebuah list terurut
• Pohon Pencarian Biner
• Pencarian Breadth-first: menelusuri sebuah graf tingkatan demi tingkatan
• Pencarian Depth-first: menelusuri sebuah graf cabang demi cabang
• Pencarian Best-first: menelusuri sebuah graf dengan urutan sesuai kepentingan dengan menggunakan antrian prioritas
• Pencarian pohon A*: kasus khusus dari pencarian best-first
• Pencarian Prediktif: pencarian mirip biner dengan faktor pada magnitudo dari syarat pencarian terhadap nilai atas dan bawah dalam pencarian. Kadang-kadang disebut pencarian kamus atau pencarian interpolasi.
• Tabel Hash: mencari sebuah item dalam sebuah kumpulan tak berurut dalam waktu O(1).

[sunting] String algorithms

[sunting] Searching

• Algoritma Aho-Corasick
• Algoritma Bitap
• Boyer-Moore string search algorithm
• Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm
• Rabin-Karp string search algorithm

[sunting] Approximate matching

• Levenshtein edit distance

[sunting] Algoritma penyusunan

• Binary tree sort
• Bogosort
• Bubble sort: for each pair of indices, swap the items if out of order
• Bucket sort
• Comb sort
• Cocktail sort
• Counting sort
• Gnome sort
• Heapsort: convert the list into a heap, keep removing the largest element from the heap and adding it to the end of the list
• Insertion sort: determine where the current item belongs in the list of sorted ones, and insert it there
• Merge sort: sort the first and second half of the list separately, then merge the sorted lists
• Pancake sorting
• Pigeonhole sort
• Quicksort: divide list into two, with all items on the first list coming before all items on the second list.; then sort the two lists. Often the method of choice
• Radix sort: sorts strings letter by letter
• Selection sort: pick the smallest of the remaining elements, add it to the end of the sorted list
• Shell sort: an attempt to improve insertion sort
• Smoothsort
• Stupid sort
• Topological sort

[sunting] Compression algorithms

[sunting] Lossless compression algorithms

• Burrows-Wheeler transform: preprocessing useful for improving lossless compression
• DEFLATE: lossless data compression
• Delta encoding: aid to compression of data in which sequential data occurs frequently
• Incremental encoding: delta encoding applied to sequences of strings
• LZW: lossless data compression (Lempel-Ziv-Welch)
• LZ77 (algorithm): LZ77 and LZ78 are the names for the two lossless data compression algorithms
• LZMA: short for Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain-Algorithm
• LZO: data compression algorithm that is focused on speed
• PPM compression algorithm
• Shannon-Fano coding
• Truncated binary encoding
• Run-length encoding: lossless data compression taking advantage of strings of repeated characters
• SEQUITUR algorithm: lossless compression by incremental grammar inference on a string
• EZW (Embedded Zerotree Wavelet)
• Entropy encoding: coding scheme that assigns codes to symbols so as to match code lengths with the probabilities of the symbols
  • Huffman coding: simple lossless compression taking advantage of relative character frequencies
    • Adaptive Huffman coding: adaptive coding technique based on Huffman coding
  • Arithmetic coding: advanced entropy coding
  • Range encoding: data compression method that is believed to approach the compression ratio of arithmetic coding
• Entropy coding with known entropy characteristics
  • Unary coding: code that represents a number n with n ones followed by a zero
  • Elias delta|gamma|omega coding: universal code encoding the positive integers
  • Fibonacci coding: universal code which encodes positive integers into binary code words
  • Golomb coding: form of entropy coding that is optimal for alphabets following geometric distributions
  • Rice coding: form of entropy coding that is optimal for alphabets following geometric distributions

[sunting] Lossy compression algorithms

• Linear predictive coding: lossy compression by representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form
• A-law algorithm: standard companding algorithm
• Mu-law algorithm: standard analog signal compression or companding algorithm
• Fractal compression: method used to compress images using fractals
• Transform coding: type of data compression for "natural" data like audio signals or photographic images
• Vector quantization: technique often used in lossy data compression
• Wavelet compression: form of data compression well suited for image compression (sometimes also video compression and audio compression)

[sunting] Computational geometry

• Gift wrapping algorithm: determining the convex hull of a set of points
• Graham scan determining the convex hull of a set of points in the plane
• Point in polygon: tests whether a given point lies within a given polygon

[sunting] Grafik komputer

• Bresenham's line algorithm: plots points of a 2-dimensional array to form a straight line between 2 specified points (uses decision variables)
• DDA line algorithm: plots points of a 2-dimensional array to form a straight line between 2 specified points (uses floating-point math)
• Flood fill: fills a connected region of a multi-dimensional array with a specified symbol
• Painter's algorithm: detects visible parts of a 3-dimensional scenery
• Ray tracing: realistic image rendering

[sunting] Algoritma Kriptografi

Lihat juga Topik dalam kriptografi

• Symmetric (secret key) encryption:
  • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), winner of NIST competition
  • Blowfish
  • Data Encryption Standard (DES), sometimes DE Algorithm, winner of NBS selection competition, replaced by AES for most purposes
  • IDEA
  • RC4 (cipher)
• Asymmetric (public key) encryption or digital signature:
  • DSA
  • ElGamal
  • RSA
  • Diffie-Hellman key exchange
  • NTRUEncrypt
• Cryptographic Message digest functions:
  • MD5 – Note that there is now a method of generating collisions for MD5
  • RIPEMD-160
  • SHA-1
  • HMAC: keyed-hash message authentication
• Cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generators
  • Blum Blum Shub - based on the hardness of factorization
  • Yarrow algorithm
  • Fortuna, allegedly an improvement on Yarrow
• Other
  • Diffie-Hellman: key exchange

[sunting] Algoritma Distributed systems

• Lamport ordering: a partial ordering of events based on the happened-before relation
• Snapshot algorithm: a snapshot is the process of recording the global state of a system
• Vector ordering: a total ordering of events

[sunting] Algoritma Numerical

See also main article numerical analysis and list of numerical analysis topics

• Algoritma De Boor: computes splines.
• Algoritma De Casteljau: computes Bezier curves
• False position method: approximates roots of a function
• Gauss-Jordan elimination: solves systems of linear equations
• Algoritma Gauss-Legendre: computes the digits of pi
• Gauss-Newton algorithm: find minimum of function of several variables
• Kahan summation algorithm: a more accurate method of summing floating-point numbers
• Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm: find minimum of function of several variables
• MISER algorithm: Monte Carlo simulation, numerical integration
• Newton's method: finds zeros of functions with calculus
• Rounding functions: the classic ways to round numbers
• Secant method: approximates roots of a function
• Shifting nth-root algorithm: digit by digit root extraction
• Square root: approximates the square root of a number
• Strassen algorithm

[sunting] Optimization algorithms

• Simplex algorithm: An algorithm for solving the linear programming problem
• Branch and bound
• Simulated annealing
• Genetic algorithms
• Particle swarm
• Tabu search
• Local search

[sunting] Digital signal processing

• CORDIC: Fast trigonometric function computation technique.
• Fast Fourier transform: determines the frequencies contained in a (segment of a) signal
  • Cooley-Tukey FFT algorithm
• Rainflow-counting algorithm: Reduces a complex stress history to a count of elementary stress-reversals for use in fatigue analysis
• Osem: algorithm for processing of medical images
• Goertzel algorithm Can be used for DTMF digit decoding.
• Discrete Fourier transform
  • Rader's FFT algorithm
  • Bluestein's FFT algorithm

[sunting] Number theoretic algorithms

• Discrete logarithm:
  • Baby-step giant-step
  • Pollard's rho algorithm for logarithms
  • Pohlig-Hellman algorithm
  • Index calculus algorithm
• Euclidean algorithm: computes the greatest common divisor
• Integer factorization: breaking an integer into its prime factors
  • Trial division
  • Lenstra elliptic curve factorization
  • Pollard's rho algorithm
  • Pollard's p-1 algorithm
  • Congruence of squares
  • Quadratic sieve
  • Special number field sieve
  • General number field sieve
  • Jones's period proxy algorithm
• Multiplication algorithms: fast multiplication of two numbers
• Primality tests: determining whether a given number is prime
  • AKS primality test
  • Miller-Rabin primality test
  • Sieve of Eratosthenes
  • Sieve of Atkin

[sunting] Numerical algebra

• Buchberger's algorithm: finds a Gröbner basis
• Eigenvalue algorithm
• Exponentiating by squaring: quickly computes powers of numbers and matrices
• Gram-Schmidt process: orthogonalizes a set of vectors
• Knuth-Bendix completion algorithm: for rewriting rule systems
• Multivariate division algorithm: for polynomials in several indeterminates

[sunting] Parsing

• Recursive descent parser: A top-down parser suitable for LL(k) grammars
• LL parser: A relatively simple linear time parsing algorithm for a limited class of context-free grammars
• LR parser: A more complex linear time parsing algorithm for a larger class of context-free grammars. Variants:
  • Operator-precedence parser
  • SLR (Simple LR) parser
  • LALR (Look-ahead LR) parser
  • Canonical LR parser
• Packrat parser: A linear time parsing algorithm supporting some context-free grammars and parsing expression grammars
• CYK algorithm: An O(n³) algorithm for parsing any context-free grammar
• Earley's algorithm: Another O(n³) algorithm for parsing any context-free grammar

[sunting] Teknik perangkat lunak

• Algorithms for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics: recovery
• Unicode Collation Algorithm
• CHS conversion: Converting between disk addressing systems
• Cyclic redundancy check: calculation of a check word
• Parity: Simple/fast error detection technique. Is a number even or odd?
• Diff: compare two sequences. An example of Dynamic programming (dynamic refers to the property that the optimal solution can be constructed by combining optimal solutions to sub-problems e.g. quicksort).

[sunting] Algoritma kuantum

Application of quantum computation to various categories of problems and algorithms

• Grover's algorithm: provides quadratic speedup for many search problems
• Shor's algorithm: provides exponential speedup for factorizing a number
• Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm: criterion of balance for Boolean function

[sunting] Algoritma medis

• Medical algorithm
• Texas Medication Algorithm Project

[sunting] Lainnya

• Astronomical algorithms
• Banker's algorithm
• Baum-Welch algorithm
• Doomsday algorithm: day of the week
• Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm
• Marzullo's algorithm: distributed clock synchronization
• Page replacement algorithms
• Risch algorithm
• Schreier-Sims algorithm
• Todd-Coxeter algorithm
• Viterbi algorithm
• Xor swap algorithm: swaps the values of two variables without using a buffer

Artikel mengenai komputer ini adalah suatu tulisan rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia mengembangkannya.