Kazakh SSR

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Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
Қазақ Советтік Социалистік
Республикасы

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1936 — 1991

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(In Detail)	(In Detail)

State motto:
Kazakh: Барлық елдердің
пролетарлары, бірігіңдер!
Translation: Workers of the world, unite!

Capital

Alma-Ata (today Almaty)

Official language

None. De facto Kazakh and Russian

Established
In the USSR:
- Since
- Until

August 26, 1920

December 30, 1922
December 16, 1991

Area
- Total
- Water (%)

Ranked 2nd in the USSR
2,717,300 km²
1.7%

Population
- Total
- Density

Ranked 4th in the USSR
16,711,900
6.1/km²

Currency

rouble (Сом)

Time zone

UTC + 4 to + 6

Anthem

Anthem of Kazakh SSR

Medals

{{{medals}}}

The Kazakh SSR, or Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, was the second largest constituent republic of the Soviet Union, in Central Asia, which is now the independent state Kazakhstan. It was 2,717,300 square kilometres (1,063,200 square miles) in area and its capital was Alma-Ata.

The country is named after the Kazakh people, Turkic-speaking former nomads who sustained a powerful khanate in the region before Russian and then Soviet domination. The Soviet Union's spaceport, now known as the Baikonur Cosmodrome was located in this republic at Tyuratam, with the secret town of Leninsk being constructed to accommodate the workers at the Cosmodrome.

[edit] History

Main article: History of Kazakhstan

Established on August 26, 1920, initially it was called Kyrgyz ASSR (Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) and was a part of the Russian SFSR. On April 15-19, 1925 it was renamed into Kazakh ASSR and on December 5, 1936 it became a Union Republic of the USSR, called Kazakh SSR . During the 1950s and 1960s Soviet citizens were urged to settle in the "Virgin Lands" of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. The influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but including some deported minority nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. The other nationalities included Ukrainians, Germans, Jews, Belarusians, Koreans, and others; the Germans at the time of independence formed about 8% of the population, the largest concentration of Germans in the entire Soviet Union. Independence has caused many of these newcomers to emigrate.

On December 10, 1991 Kazakh SSR was renamed into Republic of Kazakhstan and six days later became independent.

[edit] Population

According to the 1897 census, the earliest census taken in the region, Kazakhs constituted 81.7% of the total population (3,392,751 people)within the territory of contemporary Kazakhstan. The Russian population in Kazakhstan was 454,402, or 10.95% of total population; there were 79,573 Ukrainians (1.91%); 55,984 Tatars (1.34%); 55,815 Taranch (Uighurs) (1.34%); 29,564 Uzbeks (0.7%); 11,911 Mordovans (0.28%); 4,888 Dungan (0.11%); 2,883 Turkmen; 2,613 Germans; 2,528 Bashkir; 1,651 Jews; and 1,254 Poles.
Table: Ethnic Composition of Kazakhstan (census data)^[1]

Nationality	1959 %	1970 %	1979 %	1989 %	1999 %
Kazakh	30.0	32.6	36.0	40.1	53.4
Russian	42.7	42.4	40.8	37.4	29.9
Ukrainian	8.2	7.2	6.1	5.4	3.7
Belorussian	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.1	0.8
German	7.1	6.6	6.1	5.8	2.4
Tatar	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.0	1.7
Uzbek	1.5	1.7	1.8	2.0	2.5
Uighur	0.6	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.4
Korean	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7