Kenneth Lay

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kenneth Lay


Born	April 15, 1942 Tyrone, Missouri, USA
Died	July 5, 2006 Old Snowmass, Colorado, USA
Charge(s)	fraud, false statement
Penalty	died before sentencing, conviction vacated
Status	died of a heart attack before his sentencing
Occupation	businessman

Kenneth Lee "Ken" Lay (April 15, 1942 – July 5, 2006), was an American businessman, best known for his role in the widely-reported corruption scandal that led to the downfall of Enron Corporation. Lay and Enron became synonymous with corporate abuse and accounting fraud when the scandal broke in 2001. Lay was the CEO and chairman of Enron from 1986 until his resignation on January 23, 2002, except for a few months in 2001 when he was chairman and Jeffrey Skilling was CEO.

On July 7, 2004, Lay was indicted by a grand jury on 11 counts of securities fraud and related charges.^[1] On January 31, 2006, following four and a half years of preparation by government prosecutors, Lay's and Skilling's trial began in Houston. Lay was found guilty on May 25, 2006, of 10 counts against him; the judge dismissed the 11th. Because each count carried a maximum 5- to 10-year sentence, legal experts said Lay could have faced 20 to 30 years in prison.^[2] However, he died while vacationing in Snowmass, Colorado on July 5, 2006, about three and a half months before his scheduled October 23 sentencing.^[3] Preliminary autopsy reports state that he died of a heart attack caused by coronary artery disease. As a result of his death, on October 17, 2006 the federal district court judge who presided over the case vacated Lay's conviction.^[4]

1 Early life and career
2 Indictment and trial
3 Death
4 Abatement of conviction
5 Timeline of events
6 Awards and honors
7 Trivia
8 See also
9 References
10 External links

[edit] Early life and career

Kenneth Lay was born into a poor family in Tyrone, Missouri. When he was a child Ken delivered newspapers and mowed lawns and cemeteries. His father, Omer, was a Baptist preacher and some-time tractor salesman. He attended the University of Missouri where he studied economics. He served as president of the Zeta Phi chapter of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity at the University of Missouri. He obtained his doctorate in economics at University of Houston in 1970 and went to work at Exxon Mobil Corp. predecessor Humble Oil & Refining upon graduation.

Lay worked in the early ‘70s as a federal energy regulator. He then became undersecretary for the Department of the Interior before he returned to the business world as an executive at Florida Gas. By the time of the Reagan administration, when energy was deregulated, Lay was already an energy company executive and he took advantage of the new climate by merging Houston Natural Gas Co. with Nebraska-based Inter-North to form Enron in 1985.

Lay was one of America's highest-paid CEOs, earning (for example) a $42.4 million compensation package in 1999.^[5] In December 2000, Lay was mentioned as a possible candidate for President Bush's Treasury secretary along with J.P. Morgan & Co. head Douglas A. Warner III and a few others.^[6] Lay dumped large amounts of his Enron stock in September and October of 2001 as its price fell, while encouraging employees to buy more stock, telling them the company would rebound. Lay liquidated more than $300 million in Enron stock from 1989 to 2001, mostly in stock options.

Lay had been married to his wife, Linda, for 22 years and had two children, three step-children and twelve grandchildren.

Articles by Ken Lay

[edit] Indictment and trial

On July 7, 2004, Lay was indicted by a grand jury in Houston, Texas, for his role in Enron's collapse. Lay was charged, in a 65-page indictment, with 11 counts of securities fraud, wire fraud, and making false and misleading statements. The trial commenced on January 30, 2006, in Houston, despite repeated protests from defense attorneys calling for a change of venue on the grounds that that "it was impossible to get a fair trial in Houston – the epicenter of Enron's collapse. Enron's bankruptcy, the biggest in U.S. history when it was filed in December 2001, cost 20,000 employees their jobs and many of them their life savings. Investors lost billions."^[2]

During his trial, Lay claimed that in 2001 Enron stock made up about 90 percent of his wealth, and that his current net worth (in 2006) was in the negative by $250,000. He insisted that Enron's collapse was due to a "conspiracy" waged by short sellers, rogue executives, and the news media.^[7] It was reported that Lay's congenial reputation took a blow as he appeared confrontational and irritable at several points during his testimony.^[2] On May 25, 2006, Lay was found guilty on all six counts of conspiracy and fraud by a jury of eight women and four men. In a separate bench trial, Judge Lake ruled Lay was guilty of four counts of fraud and false statements. Sentencing was scheduled to take place on 11 September 2006, but was later rescheduled for 23 October 2006. ^[8]

A number of books have been written on Lay and Enron including Conspiracy of Fools (2005), Icarus in the Boardroom, The Smartest Guys in the Room (2003), 24 Days, and Power Failure. The Smartest Guys in the Room was adapted into a documentary film titled Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room, released in 2005.

[edit] Death

While vacationing in Colorado on July 5, 2006, Kenneth Lay died. The Pitkin Sheriffs Department confirmed that officers were called to Lay's house in Old Snowmass, Colorado, near Aspen at 1:41 AM MDT. Lay was taken to Aspen Valley Hospital, where he was pronounced dead at 3:11 AM MDT. Autopsies indicate that he died of a heart attack brought on by coronary artery disease, and found evidence that he had suffered a previous heart attack.^[3]

A popular conception is that the stress of trial and probable incarceration contributed to or exacerbated Lay's heart disease, resulting in his death. There is no medical basis for this speculation, however, as Lay's case does not fit the profile of acute stress (such as death from extreme reaction to, for example, hearing the verdict) or long-term stress (which takes a decade or more to develop). University of Miami cardiologist Robert Myerburg has said that Lay's death does not fit either the short-term or long-term pattern of stress as a contributor to heart disease.^[9] Forensic pathologist Robert Kurtzman's autopsy report, released July 19, 2006 found a pair of stents, evidence of treatment for prior heart attacks and "showed that three of Lay's arteries were 90 percent blocked."

A private funeral with around 200 in attendance was held in Aspen four days after his death, his body cremated and the ashes buried in a secret location in the mountains.^[10]^[11]^[12] A memorial was held a week after his death at the First United Methodist Church in Houston, attended by nearly 1,200 guests including former president George H. W. Bush. The speakers who touched on Lay's conviction were unanimous in their defense of Lay; former Enron President and "longtime friend" Mick Seidl spoke, describing Lay as a "straight arrow -- a Boy Scout, if you will -- who lived by Christian-Judeo principles," adding "I am saddened he will be remembered for the Enron indictment and trial," and "An overzealous federal prosecutor and the media have vilified a good man. It was total character assassination." Reverend William A. Lawson, "a veteran local civil rights leader with whom Lay worked during Enron's heyday to support projects in Houston's black community" said "Ken Lay was neither black nor poor, but he was a victim of a lynching".

[edit] Abatement of conviction

On October 17, 2006, since Lay died prior to exhausting his appeals, his conviction was abated.^[13] ^[14] Precedent in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, the federal appellate court governing the district where Lay was indicted,^[15] indicates that abatement had to be automatically granted. When abatement occurs, the law views it as though he had never been indicted, tried and convicted.^[16]^[3] The government opposed Lay's attorneys' motion for abatement, and the Department of Justice issued a statement that it "remains committed to pursuing all available legal remedies and to reclaim for victims the proceeds of crimes committed by Ken Lay." ^[17]^[18] Civil suits are expected to continue against Lay's estate. However, according to a legal expert, claimants may not seek punitive damages against a deceased defendant, only compensatory damages.^[19]

[edit] Timeline of events

1965: Economist, Exxon Corporation
1969: Assistant professor, George Washington University
1971: Assistant to a commissioner, Federal Power Commission
1972: Undersecretary for energy issues, Department of the Interior
1974: Vice president, Florida Gas
1976: President, Florida Gas
1979: Executive vice president, The Continental Group
1981: President, chief operating officer, Transco
1984: Chief executive officer, Houston Natural Gas
1985: Enron formed by merger of Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth
1990: Chairman of the Board and chief executive officer, Enron; Co-chairman, organizing committee for G-8 summit
1992: Co-chairman, President Bush Re-election Committee; Chairman, 1992 Republican National Convention, Houston
1994: Assists with campaign of Sheila Jackson-Lee to defeat Congressman Craig Washington
December 2000: Mentioned as a possible candidate for President Bush's Treasury secretary
February 2001: Steps aside as CEO in favor of Jeffrey Skilling.
August 2001: Returns as CEO after Skilling's departure.
January 2002: Under extreme pressure, Lay resigns as Enron CEO, leaves Board.
July 2004: Indicted by grand jury.
May 2006: Found guilty on nine counts of fraud and conspiracy.
July 2006: Died at age 64, near Aspen, Colorado, while on vacation.
October 2006: A federal Judge vacates conviction.

[edit] Awards and honors

Anti-Defamation League – Torch of Liberty Award
Beta Theta Pi (Zeta Phi Chapter) – Wall of Fame
Brunel University (London) – Honorary Doctor of Social Sciences
Child Advocates – Super Hero Honoree Award
Episcopal High School – Campaign Fundraiser Award
Gas Daily – Man of the Year Award
Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans – Annual Membership Award
Houston Area Women’s Center – Honoree
Houston Children’s Chorus – Honoree
Houston Community Partners – Father of The Year
Kenneth Lay Day – Proclaimed by Kathryn J. Whitmire, Mayor of Houston, Texas
Kiwanis Club of Houston and the Greater Houston Partnership – International Executive of the Year
March of Dimes – Award of Distinction
NAACP Freedom Fund Banquet – Mickey Leland Humanitarian Award
National Conference of Christians and Jews – Brotherhood Award
Oswego State University – Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters Degree
Phi Beta Kappa – Outstanding Alumnus Award
Private Sector Council – Annual Leadership Award
Stanford Business School Alumni Associations – Houston Business Man of the Year
Texans For Lawsuit Reform – Award
Texas Association of Minority Business Enterprises – Texas Corporate Partnering Award
Texas Business Hall of Fame – Inductee
Texas Navy Admiral – Commissioned by William P. Clements, Jr., Governor of Texas
Texas Society To Prevent Blindness – Man of Vision Award
The Brookwood Community – Honoree Award
The Rotary Club of Houston – Distinguished Citizen Award
The Wall Street Transcript – Chief Executive Officer Award
United States Energy Association – United States Energy Award
U.S. Navy – Navy Commendation Medal & National Defense Service Medal
University of Colorado, College of Business and Administration – Ben K. Miller Memorial, International Business Award
University of Houston – Distinguished Alumnus Award
University of Houston System – Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters Degree
University of Missouri – Honorary Doctor of Law Degree; The Hebert J. Davenport Society Benefactor Award
Volunteer Houston – Honoree Award

[edit] Trivia

The Ken Lay YMCA in Cinco Ranch in unincorporated Harris County, Texas was named after Ken Lay. Following the collapse of Enron and Lay's subsequent accusations of fraud and questionable accounting tactics, the name outside the building was made 70% smaller. Lay later asked for his name to be removed from the YMCA in June 2006. The YMCA is, as of 2006, called the "Katy Family YMCA" after the city of Katy.
Ken Lay and Enron were given "special thanks" in the tongue-in-cheek credits of the 2005 film Fun with Dick and Jane along with other corporations or persons who were responsible or involved in some of the greatest financial collapses in American business history.
Both Lay and Skilling were members of Beta Theta Pi.