Longworth House Office Building
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The Longworth House Office Building (LHOB) is one of three office buildings used by the United States House of Representatives. The building was named in 1962 in honor of the former Speaker of the House, Nicholas Longworth of Ohio. Longworth was extremely popular on both sides of the aisle and restored much of the historic prestige that the House had lost in the late 19th Century. He was also married to the daughter of Theodore Roosevelt, the lively Alice Roosevelt. He served between 1925 and his death in 1931 when the building was authorized and named after him in lasting tribute to his effective leadership. The building is located between South Capitol Street and New Jersey Avenue in Southwest Washington, D.C.
The second of three United States House of Representatives office buildings, the Longworth House Office Building was completed in the April 1933 and covers an area of 599,675 square feet. It provides the House of Representatives with 251 congressional office/suites, 5 large committee rooms, 7 small committee rooms, and a large assembly room now used by the Ways and Means Committee.
Plans to provide the House of Representatives with a second office building were begun in 1925. Severe overcrowding in the Cannon House Office Building (completed in 1908) led to the renovation of the Cannon Building and the construction of the Longworth Building. It is the smallest House office building, with a floor area of just under 600,000 square feet. Under the direction of Architect of the Capitol David Lynn, preliminary designs for the building were prepared by a local firm known as The Allied Architects of Washington Inc. The principal architects were Frank Upman, Gilbert LaCoste Rodier, Nathan C. Wyeth, and Louis Justemente. They produced two schemes for a simple, dignified building in harmony with the rest of the Capitol Complex. In January 1929 Congress authorized $8,400,000 for acquiring and clearing the site and for constructing the new building. The foundations were completed in December 1930, and the building was accepted for occupancy in April 1933.
Because of its position on a sloping site, the rusticated base of the Longworth Building varies in height from two to four stories. Above this granite base stand the three principal floors, which are faced with white marble. Ionic columns supporting a well-proportioned entablature are used for the building's five porticoes, the principal one of which is topped by a pediment. Two additional stories are partially hidden by a marble balustrade. It presents a somewhat more restrained appearance than the neighboring Cannon Building, which was designed in the more theatrical Beaux Arts style. The Longworth Building takes its place along with the National Gallery of Art (1941) and the Jefferson Memorial (1943) as one of Washington's best examples of the Neo-classical Revival style.
The large assembly room of the Longworth Building, which seats 450 people, was used by the House of Representatives as their primary meeting room in 1949 and 1950 while its chamber in the United States Capitol was being remodeled.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
http://www.aoc.gov/cc/cobs/lhob.cfm, a public-domain publication of the Architect of the Capitol
| United States Capitol Complex | |
|---|---|
| United States Capitol | |
| House: | Cannon | Ford | Longworth | O'Neill | Rayburn |
| Senate: | Dirksen | Hart | Russell |
| Library of Congress: | Adams Building | Jefferson Building | Madison Building |
| Others: | Botanic Garden | Power Plant | Reflection Pool | Supreme Court | Visitor Center |
