Naeim Giladi
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| Naeim Giladi | |
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 Naeim Giladi
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| Born | 1929 Hillah, Iraq |
| Spouse | Rachael |
Naeim Giladi was born in Iraq as Naeim Khalaschi in 1929 to an Iraqi Jewish family and later lived in Israel and the United States.[1] He is an Anti-Zionist, and author of an autobiographical article and historical analysis entitled The Jews of Iraq.[2] The article later formed the basis for his originally self-published book Ben Gurion's Scandals: How the Haganah and the Mossad Eliminated Jews.
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[edit] Biography
[edit] Early life in Iraq
Giladi describes his family as, "a large and important" family named "Haroon" who had settled in Iraq after the Babylonian exile. According to Giladi his family had owned, "50,000 acres devoted to rice, dates and Arab horses." They were later were involved in gold purchase and purfication, and were therefore given the name, 'Khalaschi', meaning 'Makers of Pure' by the Turks who occupied Iraq at the time.[2]
He states that he joined the underground Zionist movement at age 14 without his parent's knowledge and was involved in underground activities. He was arrested and jailed by the Iraqi government at the age of 17 in 1947.[2] During his two years in the prison of Abu Ghraib, he was expecting to be sentenced to death for smuggling Iraqi Jews out of the country to Iran, where they were then taken to Israel. He managed to escape from prison and travel to Israel, arriving in May 1950.
[edit] Experiences in Israel
Giladi reports that upon entering Israel in 1950, he was "asked where I wanted to go and what I wanted to do," and that he volunteered to go to Dafna a farming kibbutz in the Galilee. He relates that he lasted only a few weeks because, "the new immigrants were given the worst of everything…the food was the same, but that was the only thing everyone had in common. For the immigrants, bad cigarettes, even bath toothpaste. Everything. I left."[2]
After leaving Dafna, Giladi went to the Jewish Agency to seek reassignment. He says he was told to go to al-Mejdil, an Arab town about 9 miles from Gaza, and now a part of Ashkelon, that was to be transformed into a farming community. When the officials at the Labor Office there discovered that he was fluent in Arabic, he relates that they encouraged him to seek employment with the Military Governor's office. He says he was assigned the task of procuring the signatures of the Palestinian inhabitants of al-Mejdil on a set of government forms that stated that they were willingly giving up their lands to go to Gaza, at the time under Egyptian occupation. He relates how he realised in short time that those Palestinians signing such documents were doing so under duress. He argues that they were denied the right to access their agricultural lands and penned up in a small area and so some signed simply to end their agony. He wrote, "Those Palestinians who didn’t sign up for transfers were taken by force — just put in trucks and dumped in Gaza."[2] He left the job disgusted and attempted to procure government work elsewhere.
Giladi states he subsequently had difficulty finding employment because of discrimination against Arab Jews. He recalls that when he arrived in Israel, in May of 1950, his Iraqi passport had his name as written in Arabic and transliterated using the Latin alphabet. Giladi states that because, "the English couldn't capture the "kh" sound…it was rendered simply as Klaski." At the border, Israeli immigration officials applied what he calls the "English" version of his name, which had an Eastern European, Ashkenazi sound to it. Giladi writes that “in one way, this ‘mistake’ was my key to discovering very soon just how the Israeli caste system worked [2]. After leaving al-Mejdil he reports that he, wrote letters trying to get a government job elsewhere and got many interviews, but when it was discovered that his face didn't match his Polish/Ashkenazi name, he was rebuffed, advised time and again that "we'll give you a call." Eventually, he changed his name to "Giladi", which he writes was "close to the code name, Gilad, that he had in the Zionist underground."[2]
While living in Israel, his views of Zionism changed. He writes that he, "was disillusioned personally, disillusioned at the institutionalized racism, disillusioned at what I was beginning to learn about Zionism's cruelties. The principal interest Israel had in Jews from Islamic countries was as a supply of cheap labor, especially for the farm work that was beneath the urbanized Eastern European Jews. Ben Gurion needed the "Oriental" Jews to farm the thousands of acres of land left by Palestinians who were driven out by Israeli forces in 1948".[2]
Giladi relates that he became politicized after an experience at the Socialist/Zionist party headquarters. He had received a letter asking for help with their Arabic newspaper, and when he showed up at the headquarters and tried to show them the letter, he was dismissively told to report to the "Department for Jews from Islamic Countries" by many people who had not even looked at his letter to see why he had been invited. He says that he, "was disgusted and angry. Either I am a member of the party or I'm not. Do I have a different ideology or different politics because I am an Arab Jew? It's segregation, I thought, just like a Negroes' Department. I turned around and walked out. That was the start of my open protests. That same year I organized a demonstration in Ashkelon against Ben Gurion's racist policies and 10,000 people turned out."[2]
After serving in the Israeli Army between 1967-1970, Giladi restarted his career as an activist in the Israeli Black Panthers movement.
[edit] Life in the United States
In the 1980s, he left Israel for New York, renouncing his Israeli citizenship. [3] In the US, he wrote about an autobiographical account and historical analysis of Zionist misdeeds in Iraq, Palestine, and later Israel in an article entitled The Jews of Iraq [2] The article later formed the basis for his originally self-published book Ben Gurion's Scandal: How the Haganah and the Mossad Eliminated Jews.
[edit] Controversy
[edit] Anti-Zionism
Giladi has strong views on Zionism and its negative effects and his article begins with the following passage: "I write this article for the same reason I wrote my book: to tell the American people, and especially American Jews, that Jews from Islamic lands did not emigrate willingly to Israel; that, to force them to leave, Jews killed Jews; and that, to buy time to confiscate ever more Arab lands, Jews on numerous occasions rejected genuine peace initiatives from their Arab neighbors. I write about what the first prime minister of Israel called 'cruel Zionism'. I write about it because I was part of it."
Giladi's position that the bombings were "perpetrated by Zionist agents in order to cause fear amongst the Jews, and so promote their exodus to Israel" is shared by a number of anti-Zionist authors, including the Israeli Black Panthers (1975), David Hirst (1977), Wilbur Crane Eveland (1980), Uri Avnery (1988), Ella Shohat (1986), Abbas Shiblak (1986), Marion Wolfsohn (1980), and Rafael Shapiro (1984).[4] In his article, Giladi notes that this was also the conclusion of Wilbur Crane Eveland, a former senior officer in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) who outlined that allegation in his book "Ropes of Sand" [2].
Alternatively, historian Moshe Gat argues that there was little direct connection between the bombings and the exodus of Jewish refugees. He questions the guilt of the alleged Jewish bombthrowers who were found guilty in an Iraqi court of having perpetrated one of the bombings. He cites a rumour that a Christian Iraqi army officer "known for his anti-Jewish views", was initially arrested for the crime, but was evidently not charged despite the large number of explosive materials matching those used in an earlier synagogue bombing that were allegedly found in his home. He further cites a long history of anti-Jewish bomb-throwing incidents in Iraq.[4]
There is however, little in the way of completely definitive evidence either way. Jewish studies scholar, Philip Mendes suggests that, "It therefore remains an open question as to who was responsible for the bombings," claiming that "memories and interpretations of the events have further been influenced and distorted by the unfortunate discrimination which many Iraqi Jews experienced on their arrival in Israel (Black Panthers 1975:132-133; Shohat 1988; Swirski 1989; Massad 1996)." [4]
Giladi also mentions Mordechai Ben-Porat, a former Israeli Member of the Knesset, and a Cabinet minister, who was a key figure in the Zionist underground, as having been cited as one the figures responsible for the bombings by one of the Iraqi investigators into the bombings, in a book entitled "Venom of the Zionist Viper". Ben-Porat was one of several Israeli undercover Mossad agents arrested in Baghdad after the explosion; he was able to skip bail and flee to Israel.[5] Mordechai Ben-Porat has vigoursly denied this allegation, which he characterizes as akin to "blood libel", and which prompted him to write his 1998 book, "To Baghdad and Back".[6] In it, Mordechai contends that the false charge against him was conceived at Iraq police headquarters.[6]
For his 2006 book Occupied Minds, British journalist Arthur Neslen interviewed Yehuda Tajar, a Mossad agent who spent ten years of a 25-year prison sentence in Iraq, after being convicted for the explosions. Tajar insists that, although his undercover cell was prepared to carry out such acts, they did not in fact do so. The actual explosions, he claims, were the work of the Muslim Brotherhood. After several members of the cell were arrested, however, those still at liberty carried out other grenade attacks, in an attempt to show the innocence of those arrested. [7]
Giladi's article is regularly cited by anti-Zionists, including Jewish anti-Zionists, who claim that Zionism has a negative effect for Jews.[8][9]
[edit] Cover Banner: "This book banned in Israel and United States"
In 2003, Dandelion Books published a second edition of Gilad's book. The book is marked with a banner that reads,"Banned in Israel and the United States". The press release accompanying the book reads, "Banned in Israel and the United States…Dandelion Books, rapidly becoming known for its 'uncensored books and unfettered fiction' has just released a revised edition of this highly controversial book.[10] The details of a direct ban enacted by either the American or Israeli governments are not supplied by the author or publisher. The book is distributed by American retailers Amazon, Borders and Barnes&Noble.
In the foreward to the second edition, Giladi writes that he did not submit a manuscript in Israel for fear of retribution. "Before," he wrote, "one can publish a book in Israel, permission had to be granted by the censors...When I was contemplating writing and publishing this book, two of my colleagues and well known Israeli journalists (Maxim Gilan and Samuel Mour) were arrested and put in jail for exposing the involvement of the Israeli secret police ...in the kidnapping in Paris of Mehdi Ben Barka...,charged with crimes against national security and ...locked up for six months. Moreover, the Israeli media were gagged and not even allowed to mention that the two journalists had been arrested. If the authorities had wished, the two men would have been kept in jail for the rest of their lives."[11]
Also in the foreword, Giladi writes that upon emigrating to the United States in 1980, he found several publishers interested in publishing his work. He says he declined to publish because all interested publishers wanted to reserve the right of editorial control over the finished manuscript and he did not want to agree to this. Twelve years after his arrival in the US, he self-published at a cost of $60,000, which he reports was almost all of the proceeds of the sale of his Israeli property.
[edit] References
- ^ Naeim Giladi. Palestine:Information With Provenance (PIWP) Database. Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Giladi, Naeim (April-May 1998). "The Jews of Iraq" (PDF). The Link 31 (2): 1–13. Retrieved on 2006-10-31.
- ^ Ella Shohat (May 2001). Rupture And Return: A Mizrahi Perspective On The Zionist Discourse. The MIT Electronic Journal of Middle Eastern Studies.
- ^ a b c Philip Mendes (March 2002). The Forgotten Refugees: The Causes of the post-1948 Jewish Exodus from Arab Countries. Presented at the 14th Jewish Studies Conference in Melbourne. Reprinted on website of Australian Jewish Democratic.
- ^ The Iraqi Jews and Their Coming to Israel, from The Black Panther 9.11.1972, cited in Uri Davis and Norton Mezvinsky, Documents From Israel 1967-1973: Readings for a critique of Zionism, Ithaca Press 1975, ISBN 0-903729-09-1, p131
- ^ a b Shapiro, Sraya (December 11, 1998). Bye-bye, Baghdad (Abstract). The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved on 2006-10-31.
- ^ Arthur Neslen, Occupied Minds: A Journey through the Israeli Psyche, Pluto Press 2006, ISBN 0-7453-2365-0, pp58-66.
- ^ Zionist Oppression of Jews in Iraq. Jews Against Zionism. Retrieved on 2006-10-31.
- ^ Zionism and Anti-Semitism. Jews Against Zionism. Retrieved on 2006-10-31.
- ^ PR Web (May 7, 2003). Naeim Giladi’s Banned Book—Ben Gurion’s Scandals: How the Haganah & the Mossad Eliminated Jews. Press release. Retrieved on 2006-10-31.
- ^ Giladi, Naeim [July 1995] (April 2003). "Forward", Ben-Gurion's scandals: how the Haganah and the Mossad eliminated Jews, 2nd ed., Tempe, Arizona: Dandelion Books, xii. LCCN 2003-100608 ISBN 1-893302-40-7.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Giladi, Naeim |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Khalaschi, Naeim |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Jewish Anti-Zionist Iraqi Author |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1929 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hillah, Iraq |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
