Santur
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- The santoor is an Indian hammered dulcimer similar to the Persian santur.
The santur (سنتور – also santūr, santour, santoor) is a hammered dulcimer of Iran. It is a trapezoid-shaped box often made of walnut, with 72 strings. The name means one hundred strings in Persian. The special-shaped mallets (mezrab) are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santur has two sets of bridges, providing a range of three octaves. The right-hand strings are made of brass, while the left-hand strings are made of steel.
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[edit] Derivations
Many instruments around the world at least in part derive from the santur. Similar forms of the santur have been present in neighboring cultures like Armenia and Turkey for centuries. The Indian santoor is thicker, more rectangular, and can have more strings. Its corresponding mallets are also held differently. The Chinese yangqin may have been originated from the Persian santur. The Roma people introduced a derivative of the santur called the cymbalum to Eastern Europe, which in turn likely led to the development of the clavichord and the piano. The Greek Sandouri is also derived from the santur, and in Nikos Kazantzakis' classic novel Zorba the Greek Zorba plays the Sandouri.
[edit] History
Ancient Assyrian and Babylonian illustrations depict santurs. [1]
[edit] Famous Santur Players
- Rahul Sharma
- Master Faramarz-e Payvar (b. 1932) is generally considered to be the greatest Persian santur player of modern times.
- Parviz Meshkatian
- Majid Kiani
- Reza Varzandeh
- Manoochehr Sadeghi
- Kourosh Zolani
- Arfa Atrai
- Ardavane Kamkar
- Pashang Kamkar
- Dariush Saghafi
- Kazem Davoudian
- Bahram Khayat
- Bhajan Sopori
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Nay-Nava Encyclopedia entry on the santur
- Santur.com
- Reza Varzandeh
- Bahram Khayat
- Dr. Ümit Mutlu's information on the santur (in Turkish)
- additional background from Turkish instrument site
| Iranian Musical Instruments | |||
| String Instruments (Sāzhāy-e Zehī) | |||
| Bowed instruments: | Ghazhak | Kamāncheh | Robāb | ||
| Plucked instruments: | Barbat | Chang | Dotār | Qānūn | Robāb | Sallāneh | Sāz | Setār | Tanbūr | Tār | Ūd | ||
| Struck instruments: | Santur | ||
| Woodwind instruments (Sāzhāy-e Bādī): | |||
| Exposed: | Darāy | Sornā | Karnay | ||
| End-blown: | Haft Band | Nāy (Ney) | Sheypur | ||
| Percussion instrument (Sāzhāy-e Kūbeheyī/Zarbī) | |||
| Auxiliary Percussion: | Daf | Dohol | Dāvūl | Dāyereh Zangī | Naqāreh | Tonbak (Dombak) | Kūs | Sanj | ||
- String instruments: bowed instruments kemenche, yaylı tanbur; plucked instruments kanun, saz, tanbur, tar, ud, cümbüş
- Woodwind instruments: reed zurna, tulum, dankiyo, gaida; end-blown ney, kaval, sipsi, duduk
- Percussion instruments: chordophones santur; membranophones bendir, daf, davul, darbuka, naqareh, kus, Turkish crescent
