Treaty of Fond du Lac
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The Treaty of Fond du Lac may refer to either of two treaties made and signed in Duluth, Minnesota between the United States and the Ojibwe (Chippewa) Native American peoples.
[edit] 1826 Treaty of Fond du Lac
The first treaty of Fond du Lac was signed by Lewis Cass and Thomas L. McKenney for the United States and representatives of the Ojibwe of Lake Superior and the Mississippi on August 5, 1826 and proclaimed on February 7, 1827. The Ojibwe chiefs who were not in attendance to the Treaty of Prairie du Chien agreed to its adhesion. The Ojibwe Nations granted to the United States the rights to minerals exploration and mining within Ojibwe lands located north of the Prairie du Chien Line. Provisions were also made for the Ojibwe living about Saint Mary's River. As addenda to this treaty, arrest warrants to certain individuals living outside the jurisdiction of the United States were issued and land grants to the Métis were made.
[edit] 1847 Treaty of Fond du Lac
The second treaty of Fond du Lac was signed by Issac A. Verplank and Henry Mower Rice for the United States and representatives of the Ojibwe of Lake Superior and the Mississippi on August 2, 1847 and proclaimed on April 7, 1848. This treaty ceded lands in a triangular area west of the Mississippi River, bounded by the Prairie du Chien Line, Mississippi River, Crow Wing River and Long Prairie River.
According to the oral histories of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe, representatives from the Ho-Chunk Nation negotiated with the Lake Superior and Mississippi Chippewas before treaty discussions with the United States took place to guarantee the safety of the Ho-Chunk Nation who was about to be displaced with the admission of Wisconsin Territory into the Union as the State of Wisconsin, per Treaty of Washington (1846). However, due to frequent skirmished by the Pillager Chippewa, the Ho-Chunks were in constant danger of raids and were relocated to southern Minnesota in 1855. The Ho-Chunk Nation, subsequently, ceded their Minnesota areas to the United States per Treaty of Washington (1865) for relocation to a safer area in Nebraska.
