United States Academic Decathlon
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The United States Academic Decathlon (USAD; often abbreviated to "AD", "Acadeca", "Acadec" or even "AcDec") is one of the premier academic competitions for high school students in the United States. USAD contests are held in 39 states, as well as in British Columbia, Canada.[1] It consists of ten events, which include seven tests, two performance events and an essay. It was started by Dr. Robert Peterson in Orange County, California for local schools in 1968, but was expanded to a nation-wide competition in 1981.
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[edit] Events
As a decathlon, USAD has ten events. They are language & literature, art, music, social science, economics, mathematics, science, essay, interview, and speech.[2] Each year, a different subject is designated as the Super Quiz, which uses a slightly different format (see Super Quiz).
The topics of the events are known a year in advance of the national competition,[3] which gives students time to prepare for the competition season. Generally, Language and Literature focuses on one or more books or plays and multiple poems, while the Art and Music competitions have compiled selections of pieces that students must familiarize themselves with. Other subjects, such as Economics, have a curriculum that is fixed on the most part and encompasses macroeconomics and microeconomics, with only small annual variations that relate to the central theme. Other subjects, such as Science and Super Quiz, have their curriculum vary greatly from year to year.
There are three "performance events" in the Decathlon competition: Speech, Interview, and Essay. In the Speech event, Decathletes are expected to write, memorize and deliver a speech with a duration of 3.5-4 minutes, and in some states, to perform an 1.5-2 minute impromptu speech about a subject assigned at competition time; one minute of preparation time is given for the impromptu. In the Interview event, the students are asked questions about the curriculum and their opinions in a formal environment. In the Essay event, students are given 50 minutes to write a well-organized essay about one of three or more prompts derived from the year's curriculum. Usually, those topics are obtained from the Language and Literature and Super Quiz material, although topics can be obtained from other events as well.
As the competition has evolved, more of the events have been tied into a central theme. For example, in 2006, the theme was "The Renaissance" and some of the themed events were as follows:
- Language & literature was based on Elizabethan dramas, such as William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra and Much Ado About Nothing, as well as other shorter selections written during that time period.
- Economics was focused on economies during the Renaissance.
- Science was focused on anatomy and physiology.
- Art emphasized Renaissance artwork.
- The Super Quiz (see below) was focused on the "European Renaissance: Renewal and Reform".
- The essay was written from three possible prompts. Decathletes could choose from two language and literature-based prompts and a Super Quiz-based prompt.
For the year 2007, the theme is "China and Its Influence on the World", and some of the themed events are as follows:
- Language & literature will be based on the featured novel The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck, as well as several poems by Chinese poets from different time periods.
- Economics will focus on the market economy of China.
- Art will emphasize Chinese artwork from throughout China's history, seventeen of the featured pieces being located at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts. The other pieces will focus on a work of architecture in Beijing, China.
- Music will cover traditional Chinese music, Chinese instruments and musical genres, the influence of Western music on Chinese music, and the influence of Chinese music on Western music. Twenty-seven pieces showing Chinese influence (instruments, tuning, style, etc.) will be featured.
- Social science will introduce the history of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Topics will include the founding and first years of the People’s Republic, Mao and Maoism, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. It also will cover a brief history of the Chinese dynastic periods.
- The Super Quiz topic will be "An Introduction to Climatology," and the Super Quiz curriculum will focus on a climate case study on China.
[edit] Super Quiz
The Super Quiz is one highlighted event out of the subjects, but it is never mathematics, essay, speech, or interview. It is always a special topic in relation to the theme, a theme which alternates between Social Science and Natural Science every year. The Super Quiz provides the overall focus for the competition, and other events may be influenced by the choice of Super Quiz topic. Additionally, the Super Quiz not only contains a written test, but also a quizbowl type competition, where students have seven seconds to answer a question. The amount of Oral Super Quiz questions vary, and usually account for 40% of the overall Super Quiz score. In the competitions held at counties across the United States, the Super Quiz competition is generally referred to as the Super Quiz Relay. Varsity students go first, and after that scholastics then honors. Each group of students is given 5 or 10 questions, depending on the format decided by the State Coordinator on each particular state.[4] These questions are read aloud to the audience and are printed or projected for the competitors. After the questions and answers are read, the students are allowed seven seconds in which they have to circle the correct answer on their answer sheet and possibly enter it into a computer grading system, as was done at the 2006 National competition. Their answer is corrected on the spot, and their score is immediately known to everyone. This portion of Academic Decathlon has long been regarded as the most 'fun,' since parents and friends are welcome to watch, as schools cheer for their competitors.
| Past Super Quiz topics | |
|---|---|
| 2008 | The Civil War |
| 2007 | China and Its Influence on the World (climatology) |
| 2006 | The European Renaissance: Renewal and Reform |
| 2005 | Exploring the Ancient World, From Empty Space to Incredible Universe: The Sky Is Not the Limit |
| 2004 | America, The Growth of a Nation: The Lewis and Clark Expedition |
| 2003 | Understanding the Natural World, The Blue Planet: Beneath the Surface |
| 2002 | Understanding Others, E-communications: The Internet & Society |
| 2001 | Understanding the Self, Concepts of the Self: Philosophy, Psychology, and Religion |
| 2000 | Looking Forward, Creating the Future: Sustainable Earth |
| 1999 | Looking Inward, The Brain |
| 1998 | Looking Outward, Globalization: The New Economy |
| 1997 | Information Revolution |
| 1996 | The United Nations: Cooperation and Competition |
| 1995 | Biotechnology: The Next Frontier |
| 1994 | Documents of Freedom |
| 1993 | A Diversity of Achievers |
| 1992 | Habitat Earth |
| 1991 | Space Exploration |
| 1990 | American Indians: Our American Heritage |
| 1989 | The Presidency |
| 1988 | The History of Flight |
| 1987 | We The People |
| 1986 | The Constitution |
[edit] Study materials
USAD publishes study materials for all the events. The sale of these materials supports USAD economically. USAD has gone from publishing no materials, to publishing materials for all the subjects, to currently having a part of the questions drawn from independent research and the rest coming from the USAD materials.
In the early 1990s, various third-party companies, most notably DemiDec and Acalon, began preparing study materials. These study materials provided students with potential test questions and ways to think about the subjects in a different way. These materials, including flash cards, practice tests, and even board games were used by top state winning and national ranking teams leading to increased profit for these companies and a schism with USAD.
In a response to these companies providing extra materials, USAD began providing extra materials, at a cost, to schools. Third party companies still remain popular, however. Most teams order the USAD materials (because the tests mostly come from their contents, especially opinions on things such as the underlying meaning of plays, etc.) but some also rely on a third party source. As of 2004 the largest company providing third party materials is DemiDec.[citation needed]
[edit] Cheating and biases
There have been some cases of cheating in the history of the decathlon, the most notable being the 1995 Illinois state finals, in which Steinmetz High School was able to secure copies of the test in advance and defeat perennial powerhouse Whitney Young Magnet High School. This was dramatized in the movie Cheaters. If suspected of cheating, the team will have to retake the test, take a retest of a similar difficulty, or face disqualification.
Since part of the Super Quiz event takes place on a stage in front of an audience and other teammates, there have been instances of cheating occurring at all levels. In order to prevent this, USAD officials have asked that competition venues either have students sit with their back to the crowd or position lighting in such a way that students cannot see the crowd.
In order to keep the contest secure and free from bias in events that are graded by judges (essay, interview, and speech), no identifying information about the student or their school can be given. Except, however, in California in 1999 when officials demeed it acceptable for the Moorpark team to pin the state flower to their suits for speech and interview at both the state and national competition.
[edit] Scoring and winning
There are three official levels of competititon: regional, state, and national, with top finishers advancing to the next level. Regional competitions only exist in states with relatively large numbers of teams competing, and as such some states do not have regional competition. Additionally, many large competition states have school, multi-school, or citywide unofficial competitions for practice.
Each event is worth 1,000 points, with a theoretical maximum individual score of 10,000. For Art, Music, Language and Literature, Economics, and Social Science/Science (whichever is not Super Quiz), each test is composed of 50 questions, each question being worth 20 points. The Interview and Speech events are graded by a team of judges (usually three, although it is not uncommon for competitions to have two judges), whose scores are averaged to give a maximum of 1000 points per event.[5] The Mathematics event contained 25 questions, but beginning with the 2005 National competition, the number of questions was increased to 35.[6]
The Essay is graded with a rubric, and it is read by two different judges, whose scores are then averaged. If the difference between the judges' scores differs by 200 points or more, then a third reader is asked to grade the student's essay, and the two closest scores of the three are averaged to give the student's score.[5]
The overall team score is composed of the overall scores of the top two performers in each grade category. With the theoretical maximum individual score of 10,000, a theoretical maximum team score is 60,000, though it is highly unlikely that either of these scores will ever be achieved, especially since the Subjective portions are, of course, highly subjective to the unbiased, but human (a.k.a. fallible) judges. However, a few students have actually managed to break 9,000 points in Decathlon history, and James E. Taylor High School was the first school in USAD history to break 50,000 at a national competition. It still holds the record for the two highest scores in Decathlon history. In competitive states, an average individual gold-medal score typically ranges between 7,500 and 8,500, and state winning team scores are usually around 45,000 to 50,000 (6,500 to 7,000 for each member on average). National champion scores typically range between 45,000 and 53,000.
States with large numbers of schools competing may have district and regional competitions, with winners advancing to the state finals competition. State winners advance to the national finals, which are hosted in different states from year to year.
Perfect scores of 1,000 in events are recorded regularly, and in some cases there have been 30+ way ties at the national competition because of perfect and near perfect scores.
Grading programs are available both from the USAD company and independent programmers to facilitate scoring and awarding of medals.
[edit] Participation
In the 2005/2006 season, 39 states sent teams to the national finals.
[edit] Nationals winners
The 2007 National USAD competition will be held in Hilton Hawaiian Village in Honolulu, Hawaii the week of April 22, 2007. The 2008 event is planned to be held the week of April 30, 2008 in Garden Grove, California. Previous winners of the competition are listed in the table below:
| Year | Location | Winner | State | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | Garden Grove, California | TBA | TBA | TBA |
| 2007 | Honolulu, Hawaii | TBA | TBA | TBA |
| 2006 | San Antonio, Texas | W.H. Taft, Woodland Hills | California | 51,659.7 |
| 2005 | Chicago, Illinois | El Camino Real, Woodland Hills | California | 49,009.4 |
| 2004 | Boise, Idaho | El Camino Real, Woodland Hills | California | 50,656.8 |
| 2003 | Erie, Pennsylvania | Moorpark, Moorpark | California | 51,423.5 |
| 2002 | Phoenix, Arizona | Waukesha West, Waukesha | Wisconsin | 48,871.0 |
| 2001 | Anchorage, Alaska | El Camino Real, Woodland Hills | California | 46,547.0 |
| 2000 | San Antonio, Texas | James E. Taylor, Katy | Texas | 52,470.0 |
| 1999 | Orange County, California | Moorpark, Moorpark | California | 50,225.0 |
| 1998 | Providence, Rhode Island | El Camino Real, Woodland Hills | California | 52,131.0 |
| 1997 | St. George, Utah | James E. Taylor, Katy | Texas | 52,260.0 |
| 1996 | Atlanta, Georgia | J. Frank Dobie, Houston | Texas | 49,835.0 |
| 1995 | Chicago, Illinois | John Marshall, Los Angeles | California | 49,935.0 |
| 1994 | Newark, New Jersey | W.H. Taft, Los Angeles | California | 49,372.0 |
| 1993 | Phoenix, Arizona | Plano East, Plano | Texas | 47,485.0 |
| 1992 | Boise, Idaho | J. Frank Dobie, Houston | Texas | 49,710.0 |
| 1991 | Los Angeles, California | J.J. Pearce, Richardson | Texas | 48,946.0 |
| 1990 | Des Moines, Iowa | Lake Highlands, Richardson | Texas | 46,627.0 |
| 1989 | Providence, Rhode Island | W.H. Taft High School, Woodland Hills | California | 45,857.0 |
| 1988 | San Antonio, Texas | J.J Pearce, Richardson | Texas | 46,669.0 |
| 1987 | Irving, Texas | John Marshall, Los Angeles | California | 49,369.0 |
| 1986 | Los Angeles, California | J.J. Pearce, Richardson | Texas | 46,435.0 |
| 1985 | Los Angeles, California | J.J. Pearce, Richardson | Texas | |
| 1984 | J.J. Pearce, Richardson | Texas | ||
| 1983 | Palo Alto, Palo Alto | California | ||
| 1982 | Palo Alto, Palo Alto | California |
[edit] Trivia
- The all-time high scorer is Daniel Berdichevsky (DemiDec Dan), who scored 9297 points at the Los Angeles City Competition in 1994, competing for William Howard Taft High School in Woodland Hills (part of Los Angeles). for founding DemiDec (see study materials).
- The school with the most National Titles is J.J. Pearce High School of Richardson, Texas claiming five championships since the competition began. Additionally, Pearce is the only school to have achieved a National Championship "Hat Trick" of sorts, winning three in a row during the 1980s. Pearce is also one of the few schools to have won the National Championship every time the school has made it to nationals. Unfortunately, the school has not even been to nationals since its last victory in 1991. Pearce has not won the Texas State Championship since 1991.[citation needed]
- Friendswood High School, a 4A school in Texas, has won the Medium School title for 15 straight years. They also won the 2004 State Championship despite many protests on the conductance of the state meet. After moving on to Nationals, they placed seventh in the competition, the lowest position ever achieved by a Texas school.[citation needed]
- Moorpark High School's 2007 Team is the only school in USAD history to get 60 out of 60 questions correct on the floor Super Quiz Event.
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.usad.org/general/statedirectors/statedirectors.html
- ^ About USAD at official site
- ^ USAD 2006-2007 Curriculum Topics at official site (accessed March, 2006)
- ^ United States Academic Decathlon Study Guide, 2004-2005.
- ^ a b http://www.usad.org/competitions/nationals_packet/downloads_06/22_explanation_scoring.pdf
- ^ http://www.usad.org/competitions/math_increase.html
[edit] External links
- USAD - The official website of United States Academic Decathlon
- DemiDec - A third party company providing supplemental materials for schools
- Message board - Academic Decathlon related message boards
- Scores - A compilation of Regional, State, and Nationals competition scores
