域多利監獄
维基百科，自由的百科全书
域多利監獄（Victoria Prison, Victoria Gaol）是香港昔日一所監獄，位於香港島中環荷李活道東段之首，奧卑利街斜路山腰上，是舊中區警署建築群之一，為香港法定古蹟之一。
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[编辑] 名稱
[编辑] 歷史
域多利監獄於1841年建成，於1946年用作監獄，中度設防院所。它見証香港開埠及第二次世界大戰期間的歷史，所以有香港人認為它是值得保留的歷史建築物。
[编辑] 建築
The prison complex consists of 3 three-storey buildings, 3 two-storey buildings and 3 single-storey buildings. Inside these buildings there are cellular and dormitory accommodations, a special unit, a hospital, a kitchen, dining halls/ dayrooms, a laundry, an exercise yard and an administration block.
The prison had undergone several stages of expansion since its original founding with the major one in 1895 when D Hall complex with its Neo-Georgian architectural style was built. A further stage of major expansion took place in 1914 with the addition of B Hall, C Hall and E Hall to cope with the needs of the time.
The various buildings were constructed as follows:
| Hall | Constructed |
|---|---|
| A Hall |
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| B Hall |
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| C Hall West |
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| C Hall East |
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| D Hall East |
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| D Hall West |
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| E Hall |
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| F Hall |
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The overall compound also comprises 7 blocks of the old Central Police Station as follows:
| Hall | Constructed |
|---|---|
| Headquarters Block |
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| Block A |
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| Block B |
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| Block C |
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| Block D |
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| Stable Block |
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| Barrack Block |
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And finally, there is also one former Central Magistracy building built in 1914.
The compound is bordered on the North by Hollywood Road, on the South by Chancery Lane, on the East by Upper Albert Road and on the West by Old Bailey Street.
[编辑] 保留指引
The completion dates of different parts of the old Central Police Station, the former Central Magistracy and Victoria Prison compound are listed below:
| Year of Completion | Heritage Building | Preservation Guidelines |
|---|---|---|
| 1860 | D Hall East Wing of Victoria Prison and Bauhinia Tower | The exterior of the building must be preserved while future developers can apply for renovating the interior of the building |
| 1860 | D Hall West Wing of Victoria Prison | The exterior of the building must be preserved while future developers can apply for renovating the interior of the building |
| 1864 | Barrack Block | The exterior of the building must be preserved while future developers can apply for renovating the interior of the building |
| 1914 | Former Central Magistracy | The exterior of the building must be preserved while future developers can apply for renovating the interior of the building |
| 1919 | Headquarters Block | The exterior of the building must be preserved while future developers can apply for renovating the interior of the building |
| 1910 | Block A, B, C, D | Both the interior and exterior of the building is to be preserved |
| 1914 | B Hall, C Hall East Wing, C Hall West Wing, E Hall | Both the interior and exterior of the building is to be preserved |
| 1925 | Stable Block | Both the interior and exterior of the building is to be preserved |
| 1945 | A Hall | Both the interior and exterior of the building is to be preserved |
| after 1948 | Sanitary Block | The exterior of the building must be preserved while the future developer can apply for renovating the interior of the building |
| 1913, 1931, 1948 | F Hall and all others | Future developers can apply for demolition of these building. |
[编辑] 保留F倉部份爭議
[编辑] 中西區區議會對保留F倉的觀點
In the early 20th century, a series of changes happened in Victoria Prison. The existing F Hall, representing the door to the interior of the prison, was completed in 1913. I was used as a printing factory for prisoners to work and acquire skills. In 1931, F Hall was rebuilt as a two-storey building and a "weaving area" was added. After the Japanese Army invaded Hong Kong during World War II, many parts of the Prison, including F Hall, were severely damaged. F Hall was rebuilt in 1948 and was re-opened as a Government printing workshop (i.e. the former Printing Department). In 1956, the ground floor of F Hall was converted to an office and reception centre of the prison. The Victoria Prison finally closed down in early 2006.
The Government declared Victoria Prison as a declared monument in September, 1995.
In early 2000, the Government planned to develop the Central Police Station and Victoria Prison Compound for cultural and tourism use, and to assign the Tourism Commission, which was responsible for developing the new tourist spots, to coordinate the development project. The Government also planned to let private enterprise develop and manage te heritage compound through public tender.
Accompanied by representatives of the Antiquities and Monuments Office (AMO), the Central and Western District Council (C&W DC) visited the heritage compound in April 2003. During the visit, the C&W DC learned that the Antiquities Advisory Board (AAB) had considered the 18 buildings in the heritage compound as historical buildings. However, AAB formally laid down a set of guidelines for developing the heritage compound after a meeting held in June 2004. The guidelines pointed out that only 17 buildings in the compound were considered historical buildings and that F Hall, located behind the entrance to Victoria Prison, was not on the list.
The C&W DC strongly requested that F Hall of Victoria Prison be preserved, and that the future developer of the heritage compound not be given the right to decide whether F Hall should be demolished. The C&W DC also requested the AAB to reconsider the views of the public and the C&W DC. (this motion was passed by the C&W DC at a meeting held on 25 November 2004)
[编辑] 政府對保留F倉的觀點
In a reply to the C&W DC in November 2004, AMO pointed out that the AAB had considered that in comparison with other historical buildings, the cultural value of F Hall was lower, and therefore F Hall should be kept under the category of non-historical buildings. AAB also viewed that the above decision would not affect the overall historical value of the Victoria Prison Compound. This could enhance the flexibility of the future development of the compound, and allow more creative design that was compatible with the historical buildings in the Victoria Prison Compound.
At the C&W DC meeting held on 2 November 2004, Dr. Louis Ng, the former Executive Secretary of the Antiquities and Monuments Office stated that the Government declared the whole heritage compound as declared monuments in 1995. However, the Government did not specify the cultural value and preservation mode of individual buildings in the heritage compound, nor pointed out particularly that F Hall was a historical building. According to the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance, any demolition works to be carried out in the heritage compound is to e approved by the Antiquities Authority (i.e. the Secretary for Home Affairs). Upon receiving an application for demolition of a building in the heritage compound, the Antiquities Authority will consider the cultural value of relevant buildings and the necessity of the demolition works etc. Doctor Louis Ng has clarified that AAB did not ask for demolition of F Hall, but considered if there was a need to fulfill the design, the Board would consider demolition of F Hall.
[编辑] 中西區區議會對政府觀點的意見
At a meeting held on 25 November 2004, C&W DC members put forward the following views regarding the preservation of F Hall:
- Demolition of F Hall would affect unity of the heritage compound, and therefore the future developer should not be given the right to decide whether F Hall should be demolished.
- F Hall represented the entrance of the whole heritage compound. Without this entrance, the heritage compound could not be regarded as a heritage compound.
- There was educational value in F Hall. It was a typical prison and was totally different from B Hall and E Hall. If the future developer was given the right to decide whether F Hall should preserved, F Hall would not exist and the history of prisons in Hong Kong would certainly diminish.
- It was hoped that the Government would review the preservation of F Hall. The Hong Kong Institute of Architects has indicated that F Hall should not be demolished, and only part of F Hall should be redeveloped. The heritage compound reflected the prison development in Hong Kong. If the future developer was given the right to decide whether F Hall should be preserved, they would certainly pull down the building for redevelopment
[编辑] 2006年公眾開放
開放日: 2006年3月11日及3月18日至3月19日。 結役典禮: 2006年3月12日。
Upon its decommision, the "Victoria Prison Decommissioning Open Days" event was organized. The prison was opened to the public on 11th, 17th and 18th March 2006 as a charity event to raise funds for the Community Chest of Hong Kong. Each visitor was asked to donate HK$20 to the charity.
Correctional Services department staff volunteers dressed in old staff uniforms helped to provide a glimpse of the changes in attire over the years, when the former Prisons Department was renamed the Correctional Services Department in 1982.
A piece of the equipment for administering corporal punishment, called the "Cat-of-nine tails" (a whip), was also on display.
[编辑] 2007年公眾開放
The Central and Western District Council organized six Open Days in January 2007 under the title of "Journey to the History of Victoria Prison"
Guided tours were led by docents to historical buildings in the heritage compound. There was a "Prison Art Museum" where local artists were given access to several cells that they could decorate or use as a display gallery.
The Open Days were scheduled on 6,7,13,14,20 and 21 January 2007 from 9:30 AM to 4:00 PM.
[编辑] 參見
[编辑] 参考文献
- 監獄介紹(懲教署)
- 摩天漢世界：域多利監獄
- 香港最古老監獄結役
- Antiquities and Monuments Office
- Hong Kong Correctional Services
- Hong Kong Disciplined Services Collectibles
- Victoria Prison Memorial Book 2006 (only available from the Prison Museum (approx. US$6.50))
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| 參見：香港一級歷史建築、香港二級歷史建築、香港三級歷史建築 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
