ᎤᏃᎴ

From Wikipedia

ᎤᏃᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎤᏓᏅᏅ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏚᏓᏂᏴᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎢᏧᎳ cumulonimbus (ᎠᎴ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏕᎦᎸᏛ ᎧᏁᏌᎢ, ᎤᏬᎩᎸ) ᎤᎶᎩᎸ alenvdidsv ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ. Tornadoes ᏰᎵᏇ ᎦᎷᏨ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ayatoli ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎠᏒᏂᎲᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ. ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ, ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎪᎯᏳᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎳᏗᎨ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ.

Tornadoes ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎡᎶᎯ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᎭ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ 110 mph (175 km/h) ᎠᎴ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗᏇ 250 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (75 ᎠᏎᎯᎯ) ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎡᏙᎵᏙᎲ ᎦᏲᎵ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ (ᎯᎸᏍᎩ kilometers) ᎤᏓᎷᎸ dissipating. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎢᎦᏛ tornadoes ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᎭ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ 300 mph (480 km/h), ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏑᏟᎶᏛ (1.6 km) ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎡᏙᎠ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏔᎳᏚ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ (ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ 100 kilometers).^[1][2][3]

ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎿ ᏂᎦᎥᎢ ᎡᏆ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ Antarctica; ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᏎᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ tornadoes ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ.^[4] ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᎠᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎩ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎯᎠ ᏙᏱᏗᏢ ᎦᏚᎲ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏁᏉᎬ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ, ᎦᏅᎯᏓ-ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎸ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ itsuwakodi ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ. ᏐᎢ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ugatohvsv tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ-ᎠᏰᎵ Canada, ᎤᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎤᏴᏢ Europe, ᎧᎸᎬ-ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ, ᎤᎦᎾᏭ Africa, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ-ᎠᏰᎵ Asia.^[5].

[edit] ᎧᏁᏨ

ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ "ᎤᏃᎴ" ᎦᎷᎦ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ Spanish ᎧᏁᏨ tronada^[6] ("ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ"), ᎠᏲᎶᎬ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᎦᏯᎭ ᎧᏁᏨ tornar ("ᎠᎦᏔᎲᏍᏗ"). ᎢᎦᏛ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ, ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏛᏂ ᎢᏤ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ: twister, ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ, ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ, ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ, willy-willy, ᎦᏰᏌᏛ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ, ᏨᏍᎩᎾ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎦᏂᏓᏛ, ᎠᏕᏲᎲ, ᏍᏕᏱᏛ, ᎠᎴ stovepipe. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, willy-willy ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᏩᏎᎯᎰᎢ ᎪᏍᏚᎭ ᏨᏍᎩᎾ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Australia. Template:Facts

[edit] ᏩᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ

ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ.

waterspout ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎯᎠ Florida ᏗᏍᏚᎢᏍᏗ.

landspout ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎤᏴᏢ Platte, Nebraska ᎾᎿ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 22, 2004.

ᎤᏃᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ (NWS) ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎤᏓᏅᏅ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏚᏓᏂᏴᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ ᏫᎧᏁᏉᎬ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ alenvdidsv."^[7] ᎤᏃᎴ ᎾᏛᏁ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏎᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ; ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ (ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ Bernoulli ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᎵᏍᎪᎵᏴ) ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᎹ ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ.

ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎡᎳᏗ-ᎦᏛᎢ, ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ, ᎬᏙᏗ Ꮭ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ. ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ tornadoes, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ tornadoes ᎠᎴᏅᏘᏍᎬ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᎦᏴᎵᎨ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎤᏦᏍᏗ ᏚᎵᏃᎮᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ tornadoes ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏙᎢ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ.^[3]

ᏭᎵᏂᎬᎬ tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᎭ ᏎᏍᏗ vortices, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏚᏓᏅᏅ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᎠᏗᏆᎳᏕᏯᏍᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ yvwatuwidv ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎠᏰᎵ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏓᏂᎳ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᏆ, ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏰᎵᏊ ᎢᎦᎢ Ꮭ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ "ᎦᏐᏆᎸ" ᎯᎠ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ (ᏯᏛᎾ ᎯᎠ ᏚᏙᎥ), ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᏌᏊ, ᎡᏆ multi-ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎤᏃᎴ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ, ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ.^[3]

waterspout ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᎹ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏂᎦᎥ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ tornadoes ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ; ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎯᎠ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ waterspouts—ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ "ᎠᎾᏓᎪᎾᏛᏗᏍᎬ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ" waterspouts—ᎾᏍᏋ tornadoes. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎦᏃᏢᏥᏙᎯ lyudetiyvda tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎤᏓᏂᎳ (F0 ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ Fujita ᏗᎦᏛᏗ), ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏁᏉᎬ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎬᏙᏗ-ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎪᎨᏱ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ. ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ, waterspouts ᎠᏓᏅ onto ᎦᏙᎯ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ Ꮭ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ waterspouts ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ supercellᏰᎵᏇ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᏅᏌ ᏓᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ, ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ tornadoes ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎥᏓᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ, ᏗᎾᏙᎳᎩ waterspouts, ᏄᏠᏯᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᏓᏲᎱᏎᎲ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ.

landspout ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ mesocyclone. ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏒᎧᎵ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎪᏍᏚᎭ-ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎤᏓᏂᎳ, ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎨᎦᏃᏗ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎾᏛᏁ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎠᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎢᏅ ᎢᎦᏘ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ ᎪᏍᏚᎭ ᎠᎴ/ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎠᎾᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᏍᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᏅ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᎦᏴᎵᎨ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ. ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ weaker ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ tornadoes, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ tornadoes, ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎤᏢᏲᎵᏍᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ^[3][7].

gustnado ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏍᏗ, ᎠᎷᏚᎧᏘ swirl ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ downburst. ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏦᏍᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ alenvdidsv, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏗᏟᏴ ᏗᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ gustnadoes ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎯᏯ tornadoes.^{[3] [8]} ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ localized ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎦᎨᏓᎨ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᏄᎾᏛᏅ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎦᏥᏃᏍᏛ-ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ.

ᎪᏍᏚᎭ ᏨᏍᎩᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᎷᏚᎧᏘ swirling ᎤᏓᏅᏅ ᎤᏃᎴ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ phenomena ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ tornadoes, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏅᎯ ᎢᏳᏓᎵ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎯᎠ weakest tornadoes, ᎠᎴ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ skies. ᎪᏍᏚᎭ ᏨᏍᎩᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ tornadoes ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎠᎾᏓᎪᎾᏛᏗᏍᎬ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᏰᎵᏇ, ᎾᎿ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ, ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᎴ fatalities, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏤᏫᏍᎬ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ.^{[9] [10]} Template:Clear

ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᎠᎾᏓᏎᎮᎲᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏕᏅ ᎤᏃᎴ. ᎢᎬᏱ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ alenvdidsv ᎡᎳᏗᎨ. ᎪᎯ ᎧᏂᎬᎾᎥ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏫᎬᎵᏱᎴᎩ ᎠᎷᏚᎧᏘ ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᏁᏍᎬᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ, ᎦᏙᎬ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎪᏍᏚᎭ ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ. ᏭᎵᏍᏆᏛ, ᎯᎠ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎧᏁᏉᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ causing ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ. ᎪᎯ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᎾᎥᏂᎨ Dimmitt, ᏅᏓᎩ, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ-ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎬᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ tornadoes ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ.

[edit] ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ

ᎤᎪᏗᏗ tornadoes ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ.^[7] ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ mesocyclone ᎦᏲᎵ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎴᏍᎬ, ᏗᎾᏙᎳᎩ supercell. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏪᏴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᎧᏁᏉᎠ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᎾᏏᏅᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᏄᎵᏍᏛ ᎠᎷᏚᎧᏘ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏗᏢ ᎠᏍᏆᎨᏂ downdraft (RFD). ᎪᎯ downdraft ᎦᏣᏄᎳᎯᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ approaches ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎦᎾᏏᏅᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ mesocyclone ᏫᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ.

ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ mesocyclone approaches ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎦ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ alenvdidsv ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎠᏐᏴ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ RFD ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᎠ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, creating ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ Ꮎ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ. ᎤᏠᏱᎭ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ causing ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ (ᏗᎾᏙᎳᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ) ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ RFD ᎠᎾᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ.

ᎠᎴᏅᏘᏍᎬ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᎭ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏗᏓᎴᎲᏍᎬ ᎤᎦᎾᏩ, ᎦᏚᎵᏓ inflow ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏛᏍᎦ iyuwakodi ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏙᏯᏅᎯᏗᎠ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏩᎾᏒ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ. ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ Ꮝ ᎤᏩᎾᏒ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎣᏂ ᏂᎬᏉ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎦᏲᎵ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏑᏟᎶᏛ, ᎤᏃᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏂᏕᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏅᏂᏙᎲ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᏌᏊ ᏑᏟᎶᏛ ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ. ᎾᎯᏳ ᏯᏛᎿ, ᎯᎠ RFD, ᎾᏊ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎤᏁᏌᏴᏟ ᎦᏚᎢ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ, ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎦᏇᏅᏗ yvwatuwidv ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᏛᏰᎶᎲ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎯᎠ inflow ᎤᎦᎾᏩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᎳᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ.

ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ RFD ᎠᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎦᏇᏅᏗ yvwatuwidv ᎠᎴ ᎠᏍᏚᎲᎢ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏓᏁᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ, ᏗᎾᏙᎳᎩ ᏌᎨᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏍᏕᏱᏛ-ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ. ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ dissipating ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎤᏬᎩᎸ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᏯᏔᏬᏍᏔᏅ. ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ dissipating ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᏢᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏗ influenced ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎦᏚᎢ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ, ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏃᎸᏔᏅ ᎾᎾᎯ ᏓᎦᏘᎴᎬ ᏧᎾᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ.

ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏴᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ dissipating ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ, Ꮝ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ mesocyclone ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏗᏢ ᎠᏍᏆᎨᏂ downdraft ᏗᏰᎳᏍᏗ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎯᎠ inflow ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎨᏒ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏗ supercells, tornadoes ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ cyclically. ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ mesocyclone ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ, ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ inflow ᎨᏒᎢ concentrated ᎾᎾᎯ ᎢᏤ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ. ᎢᏳᏃ ᎢᏤ mesocyclone ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᎠᏏᏇ, ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎢᏤ ᎤᏃᎴ. ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭᏊ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ, ᎠᎴ occluded mesocyclone, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏤ mesocyclone ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ iyuwakodi.

ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏂᎬᎢ-accepted ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ tornadoes ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᎠᎴᏂᏓᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏛᏁ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏗᎪᏏᏐᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎪᏪᎳᏅ ᎠᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ tornadoes, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ landspouts, ᎦᏅᎯᏓ-ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎸ tornadoes, ᎠᎴ tornadoes ᎬᏙᏗ ᏎᏍᏗ vortices. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎤᎭ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎾᏓᏛᏂᏌᏁᎲ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏚᏙᎳᏩᏛᎲ—ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ tornadoes ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎪᎯ ᏌᏊ. Template:Clear

[edit] ᎨᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ

ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᏑᏟᎶᏛ ᎠᏯᏖᎾ.

ᏍᏕᏱᏛ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Ꮝ dissipating ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ. ᎯᎠ ᎧᏂᎬᎾᎥ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ ᏍᏕᏱᏛ.

ᏎᏍᏗ-ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ Dallas, ᏅᏓᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎫᏬᏂ 2, 1957.

[edit] ᎤᏙᏢᏒᎢ

ᎤᎪᏗᏗ tornadoes ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ayatoli ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ, ᎦᏲᎵ ᏍᎪᎯᏧᏈ ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, tornadoes ᏰᎵᏇ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏄᏍᏛᎢ ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ ᎠᎴ ᏂᏕᎬᎢ.

ᎤᏍᏗ, ᏗᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᎤᏓᏂᎳ landspouts ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎬᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏍᏗ swirl ᎪᏍᏚᎭ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ. ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎧᏁᏉᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎦᏚᎢ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎡᏆ ᎢᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ 40 mph (64 km/h), ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏃᎴ.

ᎡᏆ ᏏᏴᏫ-ᎠᏕᏲᎲ twisters, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎬᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ, ᏰᎵᏇ ᎭᎦᏔ ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᎡᏆ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎦᏗᎸ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ. ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎠᏯᏖᎾ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏍᏆᎳ ᎠᏍᏆᎵᏛ ᎤᎳᏏᎩ ᏚᎶᎩᎸ. ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ugatohvsvi ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏰᎵᏆ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᏚᎵᏃᎮᎸ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎡᎳᏗ-ᎦᏛᎢ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ.

Tornadoes ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ dissipating ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᏓᏜᎥ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ayatoli ᏧᏒᏙᏂ, ᎠᎴ ᏍᏕᏱᏛ, ᎠᏍᏕᏯᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎯ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏄᏍᏛᎢ ᎠᏗᏌᏓᏗᏍᏗ, ᎠᏍᏕᏯᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ -ᎦᎶᏄᎮᏛ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ tornadoes, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏌᏊ pictured ᎾᎾᎢ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ, ᎠᎴ roping atsinuqowisgv, ᎠᎴ ᏗᎾᏙᎳᎩ ᏍᏕᏱᏛ ᎤᏃᎴ. ᏎᏍᏗ-ᎠᏕᏲᎲ tornadoes ᏰᎵᏇ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ swirls ᏓᏍᏟᏁᎦ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎠᏰᎵ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎧᎵᏬᎯ obscured ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ, ᎪᏍᏚᎭ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏛ, ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎬᎢ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏏᏴᏫ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ.

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ, tornadoes ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ obscured ᎠᎧᎵᏬᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎠᎦᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏍᏚᎭ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏂᏰᎬ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ugatohvsvi meteorologists ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᏓᏓᎸ ᎠᏂ.^[9]

[edit] ᏂᎬᎢ

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ yvwatuwidv 500 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (150 m) ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎫᏢᎥᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ 5 ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ (8 km). ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏭᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᏯᏖᎾ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏂᏕᎬᎢ, ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ tornadoes.

ᎤᏓᏂᎳ tornadoes, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ ᎠᎴ dissipating tornadoes, ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ayatoli, ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎦᏲᎵ ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ, ᎤᏃᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏌᏊ ᎢᏳᏩᎫᏗ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ 7 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (2 m) ᎦᏅᎯᏓ.^[9]

ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ, ᏧᏠᎯᏍᏗ tornadoes ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᏑᏟᎶᏛ (1.6 km) ᎠᏯᏖᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ. ᎤᏃᎴ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᎸᏉᏔᏅ Hallam, Nebraska ᎾᎿ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 22, 2004 ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ 2.5 ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ (4 km) ᎠᏯᏖᎾ^[2].

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᏂᎦᏅᎯᏒ, ᎢᎦᏛ meteorologists ᎤᏬᎯᏳ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ Tri-ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᎸᏉᏔᏅ ᎢᎦᏛᎭ Missouri, Illinois, ᎠᎴ Indiana ᎾᎿ ᎠᎾᏱᎵᏒ 18, 1925, ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ 219 ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ (352 km). ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᏄᏠᏯᏍᏛᎾ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏰᎵ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎢᏳᏃ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏏᏴᏫ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎧᏁᏉᎥᎢ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎬᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ tornadoes ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ. ᎯᎠ ᎦᏅᎯᎢᏍᏗ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ-ᎢᎦ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ 160 ᎢᏳᏟᎶᏛ (260 km) ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ northeastern ᎤᏴᏢ Carolina ᎾᎿ ᏅᏓᏕᏆ 22, 1992.^[11]

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[edit] ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ

Tornadoes, ᎥᎵᏍᎦᏍᏙᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ, ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏯᏖᎾ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ. Tornadoes ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎧᏲᏗ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᎢᎦᎢ, ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎾᎥᎢ swirling ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ alenvdidsv ᎯᎠ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ. ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏑᏰᏍᏗ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ Ꮭ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏍᎪᎸ ᏌᎪᏂᎨ ᎤᏁᎬ. ᎾᎯᏳᎢ travelling ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏰᎸ ᎠᎹ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ waterspout, ᎤᏅᏌ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᎦᏔᎲᏍᏗ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏌᎪᏂᎨ. ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎷᏍᎦᏃᎵ, ᏛᏓᏓᏂᎸᎬ ᎠᏟᎶᎥ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏓ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ darker, ᎠᎩᏍᎬᎢ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎢᎦᏛ. Tornadoes ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏆ ᏂᎬᏅ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᎦᏔᎲᏍᏗ ᎩᎦᎨ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎩᎦᎨ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ tornadoes ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏂᎦᏛᎢ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎡᏙᎵᏙᎲ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏥ-ᎫᏝᎢ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎦᏔᎲᏒ ᎤᏥᏍᏓᎷᎩᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎵᎬᏩᎳᏅᎯ.

These are two photographs of the Waurika, Oklahoma tornado of May 30, 1976, taken at nearly the same time. In the top picture, the tornado is front-lit, with the sun behind the east-facing camera, so the funnel appears nearly white. In the lower image, where the camera is facing the opposite direction, the tornado is back-lit, with the sun behind the clouds.^[12]

ᎠᏨᏍᏛᏍᎬ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᎤᏃᎴ. ᎤᏃᎴ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ "ᎦᏐᎯ-ᎠᏨᏍᏓᏗ", ᎠᎴ viewed ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏅᏙ ᎢᎦ ᎡᎯ ᎣᏂᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩ, ᏫᎵ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎤᎳᏏᎩ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎤᏃᎴ, viewed ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏅᏙ ᎢᎦ ᎡᎯ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎦᏐᎯ, ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎤᏍᎪᎸ ᏌᎪᏂᎨ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏥᏍᏓᎷᎩᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎬ. Tornadoes ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎯᎠ iyuwakodi ᏭᏕᎵᎬ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ, ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎬᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ, ᎠᏓᎶᏂᎨ, ᎠᎴ ᎩᎦᎨ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ.^[13]

ᎪᏍᏚᎭ ᎠᎦᏴᏖᏒ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᎦᏴᎵᎨ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ, ᎦᎨᏛ ᎠᎦᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏁᏐᏍᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎳᏏᎬᎢ ᏒᏃᏱ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ tornadoes, ᎠᏃᏢᏍᎬ ᎠᏂ "ᎢᎦᎢ", ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏛᎢ. Tornadoes ᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏂᏰᎬ, ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ radar ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵᏊ ᏱᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᏴᎬ ᎤᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎾᎿ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ. ᎣᏏ ᎢᏳᎾᎵᏍᏓᏁᎯ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ tornadoes ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᎦᏍᎬ-ᎠᏎᏊᎢ alenvdidsv, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ updraft, ᎭᏢᏃ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ Ꮭ ᎠᎦᏍᎬ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ tornadoes ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ 4 ᎠᎴ 8 pm, ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ ᏅᏙ ᎢᎦ ᎡᎯ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏴᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎯᎠ thickest ᏚᎶᎩᎸ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ, ᏒᏃᏱ-iyuwakodi tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ illuminated ᎾᎥᎢ ᎢᏳᏓᎵ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎬ.

ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎩᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎪᎯᏳᏙ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ doppler radar ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ^[14] ᎠᎴ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏕᎳ^[15], ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏙᏗ Ꮎ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ tornadoes ᎤᎭ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ, tohinusdv ᎠᏰᎵ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏭᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ, ᏚᎾᏓᏚᏓᎸ ᎯᎠ agatoli ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ. ᎪᎯ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏧᎸᏌᏓ (ᏰᎵᏊ ᏱᎩ ᎧᎵ ᎪᏍᏚᎭ), ᎤᎭ ᏗᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎤᎳᏏᎩ, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ blocked atsinuqowisgv ᎾᎥᎢ swirling ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ. ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏓᎴᎲᏍᎬ ᎠᏨᏍᏛ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᎪ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎠᏛᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏃᎴ.

[edit] ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ

Tornadoes ᏄᎶᏒᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ cyclonic ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ (counterclockwise ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎢᏗᏢ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ). ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ-ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ cyclonically ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ Coriolis ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ; ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴ ᎦᎸᏉᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ. ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗᏇ 1 ᎤᏃᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 100 ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ anticyclonic ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ. ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ landspouts ᎠᎴ gustnados ᎠᏕᏲᎲ anticyclonically. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎾᎿ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ, anticyclonic supercell ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᏙᎷᏬᏗ, ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎤᏃᎴ Ꮎ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Ꮝ ᎢᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ.^[16] Template:Clear

[edit] ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ

Tornadoes ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ ᎾᎪᎲᎾ ᎤᏙᏢᏒᎢ, ᏂᎬᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ. ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎤᏓᏂᎳ tornadoes, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏔᏅᏂᏙᎲ F5 tornadoes ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ 500 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (150 m) ᎠᏯᏖᎾ. ^[11]

[edit] ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ ᏗᏟᎶᏛ

ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ, ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᎬ ᎣᏪᏅᏒ ᏓᎾᏛᏁᎵᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ doppler radar, ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ ᎥᏝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ guesses ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏃᎴ. ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎪᎯᏳᏙ ᎠᎾᏓᏎᎮᎲᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᎦᏍᎦᏂ ᎣᏂᏗᏢ ᎾᎥᎢ tornadoes ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᏪᏘᎸᎩ populated ᎡᏍᎦᏂ. ᎢᎦᏛ ᏁᎵᏒ ᎤᏅᏌ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ 500 mph, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏎᏱᎩ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎾᏍᏋ supersonic.

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ 1950s, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎪᎯᏳᏙ mounted Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᏒ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎡᎳᏗᎨ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎪᎯ. ᎾᎿ ᎫᏬᏂ 2, 1957, ᎤᏍᎦᏃᎳ ᎠᏓᏅ ᎤᏃᎴ traversed ᎯᎠ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎠᎴ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎢᎦᏛᎭ Dallas, ᏅᏓᎩ. ᎤᏓᎷᎸ ᎪᎯ ᎢᎦ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎦᏲᎵ ᏣᎦᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅᎠᎴ ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅtornadoes ᎨᏒᎩ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏍᏗ. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎦᏃᏢᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ, ᎤᏍᎦᏃᎳ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎠᏰᎵ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏓᏁᏟᏴᏍᏗ (ᎠᎴ ᏙᎢ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ) ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ filmed ᎠᎴ photographed ᎤᏃᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ. ᎦᎸᏙᏗ-ᎾᎥᎢ-ᎦᎸᏙᏗ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏗᎬᎭᎷᏴᎯ footage ᎠᎩᏒᎯ Ꮎ ᎢᎦ ᎤᏓᏎᎮᎸᎩ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᏛ flung ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ travelling ᎾᎾᎢ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ 170 mph.^[13] ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ ᎠᏰᎲ ᏁᎵᏒ Ꮎ ᎦᏣᏄᎳᎯᎨ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ Ꮎ ᎢᎦ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎪᎯ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᏂ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏬᎯᎵᏴᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ.

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ᎠᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎩ ᎪᏪᎸ ᎯᎠ Fujita ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Beaufort ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ Mach ᏎᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ.

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1971, ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᎩ. Tetsuya Theodore Fujita ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏩᏁᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ. ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎩ Allen Pearson, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏩᏁᎸ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎯᎠ Fujita ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1973. ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎠᎾᎵᏐᏈᎸᏍᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ Beaufort ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ Mach ᏎᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ; ᎯᎠ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ F1 ᎾᎿ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᏗᏓᏛᎪᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ B12 ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ Beaufort ᏗᎦᏛᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ F12 ᏗᏓᏛᎪᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎤᏃᏴᎬ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎠᎺᏉᎯ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ Mach 1. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎵᏏᎾᎯᏍᏙᏗ, tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᏓᏥᏲᎯᏎᎸ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ F0 ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ F5.

ᎯᎠ TORRO ᏗᎦᏛᏗ, ᎤᏙᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ Organisation (TORRO), ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏙᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1974, ᎠᎴ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅᎯ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ. ᎯᎠ TORRO ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎤᎭ 12 ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎫᏢᏗ broader ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ tighter ᏓᏂᏍᏆᏗᏍᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ T0 ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏭᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏓᏂᎳ tornadoes T11 ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏛ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ tornadoes.^[17]

ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏗᏟᏴ ᏗᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏭᎵᏍᎨᏗᏴ ᎯᎠ TORRO ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ Fujita ᏗᎦᏛᏗ—ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎵᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ ᏂᏚᏰᎸᏛᎢ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ, ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎡᏆ ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᏰᎵ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ayatoli ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎡᎳᏗ ᏏᏴᏫ TORRO ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ. ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏟ ᎠᏰᎸᏅ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ Fujita ᏗᎦᏛᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏐᎢ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ Europe ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ TORRO ᏗᎦᏛᏗ. ᎯᎠ ᎢᏴ ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏊ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏕᎫᎪᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ Doppler radar ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎾᎯᏳ ᎢᎪᎯ (ᎢᏳᏃ ᏰᎵ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ), videogrammetry (ᎦᎸᏙᏗ-ᎾᎥᎢ-ᎦᎸᏙᏗ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ video footage), ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏛᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎾᎯᏳ ᎢᎪᎯ derived ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ vegitation.

ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ nadvndhvgi ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏱᏳ 1980s ᎠᎴ 1990s ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ Ꮎ, ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎧᏁᎲ ᎯᎠ Fujita ᏗᎦᏛᏗ, ᎤᏃᎴ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎨᏒᎩ ᏧᏓᏃᏣᎵ ᏄᎶᏍᎨᏗᏴᎾ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎬᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ tornadoes. ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎪᎯ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 2006, ᎯᎠ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏄᏩᏁᎸ ᎯᎠ Enhanced Fujita ᏗᎦᏛᏗ, ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᎠᏂᎧᎻᏏᏂ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ ᎧᎵ ᏗᎪᎥᎯ ᎠᏎᎸ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎤᏃᎴ assessed ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ Fujita ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ Enhanced Fujita ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎠᎩᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎢᏴ ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ. ᎯᎠ EF-ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏗᎪᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᏗᎦᏘ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎾᎿ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎢᏗᎦᎪᏘ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ. ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎯᎠ F-ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎡᎪᎢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ F0 F12 ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ, ᎯᎠ EF-ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ capped ᎾᎾᎢ EF5, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ≥ 200 mph (≥ 320 km/h)".^[3] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, ᎯᎠ Enhanced Fujita ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᏫᎵ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎧᎦᎵ 2, 2007.

ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᎫᏍᏛᏅᎯ Ꮎ F5 ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎫᏬᏂ 26, 1991. ᎤᏃᎴ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎩᎦᎨ ᏅᏯ, ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ monitored ᎾᎥᎢ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ ᎬᏗᏍᎬᎢ ᎢᎦᎢ Doppler radar, ᎠᎦᏛᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ radar ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ Ꮎ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ. ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏫᎪᏍᏓᏴ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ 115-120 m/(257-268 mph ᎠᎴ 414-432 km/h). ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦᎢ radar ᎠᏰᎲ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ± 5-10 m/(± 11-22 mph ᎠᎴ ± 18-36 km/h), ᎪᎯ ᏓᎪᎵᏰᏍᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎭᏫᏂᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ F5 ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ, ᎦᎫᏍᏛᏍᎬ Ꮎ tornadoes ᎨᏒᎩ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎬᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ ᎸᏢ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎡᎶᎯ.

ᏧᏁᎳ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎣᏂᏯᎨᏍᏙᏗ, ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ 3, 1999, ᏄᏓᎴ ᎠᏏᎾᏍᏛ ᏐᏈᎵ ᏧᎾᏦᏟ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᏕᎶᎰᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᏩᏒᎯ ᎬᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ (ᏌᏊ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ 36 ᏴᏫ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ Moore, ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ). ᎾᎾᎢ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 7 pm, ᎤᏅᏌ ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ ᏌᏊ ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ 318 mph ^[1], 50 mph ᎦᏣᏄᎳᎯᎨ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅ ᎪᏪᎸ. ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎪᎯ ᏓᎪᎵᏰᏍᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏍᏆᎳᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ F6 ᏓᏂᎬᏩᎶᏗᏍᎬ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᏓᏃᎮᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ 100 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᎭᏢᏃ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏭᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏚᎢ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏂᎬᏩᎶᏗᏍᎬ tornadoes, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎦᏚᎢ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎤᏓᏎᎮᎸ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎩᏒᎯ ᎾᎾᎯ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ.

[edit] ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᎦᏘ

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, F0 ᎠᎴ F1 (T0 ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ T3) tornadoes ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ 80% ᏂᎦᏛ tornadoes. ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ ᎤᏬᏰᏂ, ᎬᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ tornadoes (ᏭᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ F4, T8), ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ 1%.^[18] ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ, ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ tornadoes ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᏎᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ tornadoes. ᎬᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᏭᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ ᎠᎴ Bangladesh.

[edit] ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ

Template:Further

ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏃᎮᎸᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ lede ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ, ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᎭ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ 110 mph (175 km/h) ᎠᎴ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ, ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏙᏗᏇ 250 ᏧᎾᎳᏏᏕᎾ (75 ᎠᏎᎯᎯ) ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎡᏙᎵᏙᎲ ᏑᏟᎶᏛ (1.6 km) ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᏓᎷᎸ dissipating. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ Ꮭ ᏯᏛᎿ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎤᏃᎴ.

ᏔᎵ tornadoes Ꮎ ᎭᎦᏔ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ drastically ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ, ᏔᎵ tornadoes ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎭᎦᏔ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ. ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ Ꮎ tornadoes ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏂᏕᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎤᏃᎴ ᏧᎾᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ appearence ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ iyuwakodi. ᏴᏫ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎢᏳᏗᎾ ᎥᏝ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ Ꮝ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ approaches. ᎠᏰᎵ 1997 ᎠᎴ 2005 ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, 38 ᏴᏫ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ F1 tornadoes, ᎠᎴ 3 ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ F0 tornadoes.^[19] ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎯᎠ weakest ᎤᏃᎴ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ.

• ᎤᏓᏂᎳ tornadoes

ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏃᎮᎸᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅ ᎾᎿ ᎨᏒ, ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎤᏂᎪᏗᏗ tornadoes ᎠᎴ designated F1 ᎠᎴ F0, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᎤᏓᏂᎳ" tornadoes. ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎤᏓᏂᎳ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏃᏢᏥᏙᎯ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ tornadoes, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ. F0 ᎠᎴ F1 tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏍᏆᎳᎢ-ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎸ—ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ 1980 ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ 75% tornadoes rated ᎤᏓᏂᎳ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏌᏊ ᏑᏟᎶᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ.^[11] ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯ iyuwakodi, ᎤᏅᏌ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᎴ fatalities.

F0 ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏍᏔᎳᎾᎵ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ vegitation. ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ-ᎤᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎸ ᏄᏛᎿᏕᎬ, ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎨᎳᏍᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᏗᏦᎳᏅ, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎦᏦᏔ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎲᏣᏬᎳᏛ. Billboards ᎠᎴ ᎡᏆ ᎪᏪᎵᎠ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎬᏂᎸ ᎡᎳᏗ. ᏕᏡᎬ ᎤᎭ ᎡᏆ ᏚᏩᏂᎦᎸ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ, ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ uprooted ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏅᏬᏓ ᎠᎲᏏᏓᏍᏗ.

F1 ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᎭ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ fatalities ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ Ꮎ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ F0 tornadoes. ᎾᎾᎢ ᎪᎯ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ, ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᏒᏃᏱ ᎡᎯ ᏅᏙ ᏚᏁᏅᏒ ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎨᏰᎯ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᏦᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ pushed ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎯᎠ ᏅᏃᎯ. ᏂᎪᎯᎸ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ agilyoasdi ᎠᏂᏯᏩᏍᎩ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎦᏦᏔ.

• ᎦᏛᎬᎢ tornadoes

F2 tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎳᏗᎨ ᎤᎵᏍᏛ "ᎦᏛᎬᎢ", ᎠᎴ ᎩᎳ ᎠᎴ ᏭᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ(ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎦᎸᏉᏙᏗ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎡᏆᎯᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ). ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ-ᎤᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ agilyoasdi ᎤᏢᏲᎵᏍᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎦᏦᏔ ᎤᏲᎱᏎᎸ ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬᎾ outer ᏓᏐᏴ. ᏒᏃᏱ ᎡᎯ ᏅᏙ ᏚᏁᏅᏒ, ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᎦᏟᏌᏃᏅᎯ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ. ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏍᎪᏛᎭᎨ ᏓᎦᏘᎴᎦ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ, causing ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᏙᏯᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏒ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ. ᎦᏅᏙᎬ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᏫᎵ ᎤᎭ ᎡᏆ ᏎᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏕᏡᎬ snapped ᎠᎴ uprooted.

F3 ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏢᏲᎵᏍᏗ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏩᏂᎦᎸ. ᎦᏲᎵ ᎢᎦᏛᎭ ᎦᎸᏉᏔᏅ ᏓᏓᏁᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏍᎦᏂ ᎠᏂᏙᎾᎥ; ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ-ᎤᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏓᏲᎱᏎᏗ outer ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏓᏐᏴ. ᏗᏦᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᎤᏣᏘᎾ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏓᎵᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ. ᎦᏅᏙᎬ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᏫᎵ agilyoasdi ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᏲᎱᏎᎸ vegitation.

• ᎬᏂᎦᎳᏍᏗ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ tornadoes

F4 ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᏂᏚᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᏲᎱᏎᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᏉᏔᏅ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ. ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ-ᎤᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᏚᏁᏅᏒ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏛᎯ ᏍᏆᎳᎢ ᎦᏒᏛ ᎢᎦᏛ. ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎦᎨᏛ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ airborne, ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎡᏆ ᎦᏌᏙᏯᏍᏗ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ flung ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴᎢ.

F5 ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᎥᏂᎨᏍᏗ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ. F5 tornadoes ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ-ᎤᏁᏍᎨᎲ ᏗᎦᎵᏦᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎬᏃᏌᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎫᏍᏓᎥ ᎤᏓᏅᎦᎸᏓ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏒᎧᎵ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎪᎯ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ Ꮎ "ᏂᎬᎢ phenomena ᏫᎵ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ". ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ, F5 tornadoes ᎤᎭ ᏓᏍᏟᏁᎦ skyscrapers, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏓᏍᏓᏲᎯᏎᏗ ᎦᎶᏂᏗ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ.

[edit] utugi gvsv ᎠᎴ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ

[edit] ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᎭ, ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ utugi gvsv ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮiyusdi kanohehdv ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ utugi gvsv ᎠᏰᎵ, ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Norman, ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ. ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮiyusdi kanohehdv ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏐᎢ ᏦᎢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᎢᎦ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏅᎩ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᏧᏁᎳ ᎢᎦ ᎠᎴᏫᏍᏙᏗ, ᎤᏅᏌ ᏫᎵ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏝᏅᏓᏕᎲ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ tornadoes. ᎯᎠ SPC ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎡᎵᏍ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ NAM, GFS, WRF, ᎠᎴ RUC utugi gvsv ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᏚᎳᏏᏔᏅᎩ ᎾᎿ ᎾᎯᏳ ᎢᎪᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏙᏗ, ᎬᏗᏍᎬᎢ ᏯᏛᎿ indicies ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ, ᏂᎦᏛᎢ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏄᏁᏌᏴᏢ ᎠᎴ dewpoint.

ᎾᎿ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮiyusdi kanohehdv ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ, ᎾᎯᏳᎢ watches ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮiyusdi kanohehdv ᎾᎿ ᎢᏴ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ SPC.

ᎯᎠ ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏗᎦᏣᏄᎳ Skywarn spotters, ᎤᏠᏯᏍᏛ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏗᏓᏂᏱᏍᎩ ᎤᏤᎵ deputies, ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎠᏁᎲᎢ, ᎤᏓᏓᎸ ᏍᏚᎢᏍᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎨᎦᏃᏗ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᏎᎮᏗ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎦᏁᏐᏍᎬ, ᎤᎳᏂᎩᏓ ᏅᎩᏨᎴ, ᎠᎴ tornadoes. ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎨᏒᎢ utugi elisv, ᎾᎥᎢ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎢᏯᏓᏪᏎᏗ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ spotters ᎾᏍᏋ ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ unagatodi ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ, ᎠᎴ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᏰᎵᏊ tornadoes ᎾᏞᎬᏊ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏛᏊ ᎾᎿ.

[edit] ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏒ

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏫᏒᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᏒ, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ Organisation (TORRO) ᏗᎪᏢᏅ ᎠᎦᏛᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ utugi gvsv.

[edit] ᏐᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏩᏗᏒ

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ, utugi gvsv ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ tornadoes ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏱᏙᎸᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏧᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ.

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[edit] ᎤᏃᎴ

[edit] ᎠᏓᏕᏲᎲᏍᎩ ᎡᎶᎯ

Template:Expandsection ᎯᎠ UK ᎤᎭ ᎯᎠ ᏩᎦᎸᎳᏗᏴ ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᏎᏍᏗ ᎪᏪᎳᏅᎯ tornadoes ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᏙᏱᏗᏢ ᎦᏚᎲ (ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 30 ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ), ᎠᎴ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ.^[20] . Bangladesh ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ agilyoasdi ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ tornadoes ᎢᏗᎦᏗ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ USA ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᎬᏁᎸ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏚᎳᏗ media coverage. ᎯᎠ ᎾᏕᏘᏴᎯᏒ ᏴᏫ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᎠᏞᏛ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 179 ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ tornadoes ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Bangladesh ᎨᏒᎢ ᏱᏂᎬᏛᎾ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎡᏆ ᎢᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ USA^[21].

[edit] ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏙᏗ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ

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[edit] iyuwakodi ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ

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[edit] ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ

Main article: Tornado records

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[edit] ᎤᏃᎴ ᏄᎾᏰᎯᏍᏛᎾ

[edit] ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ

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[edit] ᎢᏳᏃ ᎤᏃᎴ approaches...

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[edit] ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎵᏓᏍᏛ

Main article: Tornado myths

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[edit] ᏫᎬᎵᏱᎴᎬ ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ

ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎤᏕᎶᏆᎥ ᎤᏣᏘ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ, ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏙᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ tornadoes ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏂᎦᏰᏙᎲ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ. ^[22] ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ, ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ ᏙᎢ ᎫᏢᎥᏍᎬ't ᎣᎾᏛ ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎯᎳᎪ ᎠᏓᏠᎯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎤᏃᎴ. ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᎢᏗᏛᏁᏗ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ, deployment ᎠᏍᏆᏙᏅ (ᎯᎠ TOtable ᎤᏃᎴ ᎡᎶᎯ), ᎠᎴ ᏔᎳᏚ ᏐᎢ ᎢᏗᏛᏁᏗ, ᎤᏚᎩ ᎬᏗ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏗᏛᏛᎲᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᏙᎢ ᎤᏢᎢᏍᏗᏍᎬ meteorologists.

[edit] ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᏓᎧᏁᎲ tornadoes

ᎠᎹ ᎥᏓᎵ ᎦᏚᎲᎢ ᎤᏃᎴ, ᎦᎶᏂ 11, 1999. (ᎠᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᎪᏛᏙᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ substation exploding)

ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ-ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ windblown ᎢᎦᏛ. Tornadic ᏅᎩᏨᎴ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏗ 300 mph (480 km/h). ᎤᏃᎴ ᎢᏳ ᎤᏕᏘᏴᏌᏗᏒ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎠᎺᎵᎨ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎠᎾᏱᎵᏒ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ ᏅᏓᏕᏆ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ tornadoes ᏰᎵᏇ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ iyuwakodi ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏒᎯᏰᏱᏗᏢ ᎠᎴ ᏗᏒᎯᏰᏱ; ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 80% ᏂᎦᏛ tornadoes ᎬᎾᏍᏗ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎢᎦ ᎠᎴ ᏒᏃᏱ.

ᎢᎦᏛ ᏗᏂᏏᏴᏫᎭ ᎠᎴ hobbyist, ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅᏍᎩ, ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎠᎾᎵᏖᎸᎲᏍᎬ ᎦᏁᏰᎩ ᎠᎴ tornadoes ᎤᏂᎦᏛᎲᏍᎩ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏏᎾᏍᏛ ᎢᎦᏛ. ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅᏍᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏧᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏏᎾᏍᏛ ᏓᎾᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ ᎪᎭᏍᎬ ᎠᎦᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎦᏅᏅ oncoming tornadoes ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏁᎸᏙᏗ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎯᏍᎩ ᎪᎭᏍᎬ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ yvwatuwidv 1990.

ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᏢᏥᏙᎯ ᏓᎦᏘᎴᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎡᏆ ᏗᎦᏛᏗ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎤᎳᏂᎬᎬ Ꮎ tornadoes ᏄᏩᎿᏅ, ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏝᏅᏓᏕᎲ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎪᏢᏗ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᏓᎵᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎾᏅᏁᎲ. ᎪᎯ ᏂᏚᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ-ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᏓᏄᏩ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ competing ᎾᎥᎢ media ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏍᎬ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎨᏒ TV ᏗᏤᎢ ᏧᎴᏫᏍᏗ, ᏗᏓᏁᏤᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ escalating technological ᏌᏊ-upsmanship ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᎾᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᎾᏛᏁᎵᏍᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎧᏁᏉᎩ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᏂᎾᏗᏅᏗ ᎠᏓᏲᏔᎡᏗ. ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎥᏝ ᏳᏓᎷᎳ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏃᎴ-ᎠᏞᏴᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏂᎾᏗᏅᏗ, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᏆ ᏂᎬᏅ.

ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ Canada, ᎯᎠ ᏓᏝᏅᏓᏗᏍᎬ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎠᏥᎸᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎴ 12 ᎢᏳᏆᏗᏅᏓ 1 (12,000,000:1). ᏌᏊ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎪᎯ ᎾᏕᏘᏴᎯᏒ ᎠᎴ/ᎠᎴ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏝᏅᏓᏕᎲ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᎾᏍᏋ factually ᎤᏃᎮᎸᎩ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎡᎳᏗ. Tornadoes ᎿᏛᎦ ᏂᎬᏂᏏᏍᎬ ᎢᏧᏆᏗᏅᏓ ᎤᏂᏃᏍᏓ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ, ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᎳᏏᏅᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ, ᏧᎾᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ injuries ᏂᎦᎥᎢ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ.

[edit] Cultural ᎦᏛᎬᎢ

[edit] Tornadoes ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ

ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ; ᎯᎠ ᎦᎶᎨᏒ ᎠᎨᏴ ᎠᎩᏍᎬᎢ ᏄᎾᏰᎯᏍᏛᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ labeled 'Democratic ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ'. ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ ᎪᏪᎵ ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ (1894)

ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ cartoonistᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 100 ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎠᎾᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎧᎵ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎠᏙᏱᏯᏛ ᎠᎬᏩᎵ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ Oz, ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᎩᏍᎪᎢ Dorothy ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᎦᏙᎯ Oz, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᎦᎾ ᎠᏣᏍᎩᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎧᎸᎬ, ᎦᎪ ᎠᏰᎲ oppressed ᎤᏍᏗ ᏴᏫ, ᎯᎠ Munchkin. ᎯᎠ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᎣᏏ ᎤᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᎡᎵᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᎪᎲᎢ ᏄᎾᏰᎯᏍᏛᎾ, ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏓᏎᎮᎸᎩ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎶᏁᏍᎬ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ 1894 ᎾᎾᎢ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ.

1960s advertising togiyadv dunilvwisdanehv ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎵᏦᏕ ᎠᎿᎥ cleaner, Ajax, ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎤᏛᏅᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏛᏒᎯ "ᎤᏓᏅᎦᎸᏓ ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᎤᏁᎬ ᎤᏃᎴ".

Tornadoes ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏗᏍᎩᏘᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᎾᏰᎯᏍᏗ, ᎠᏰᎵ ᏗᏂᎦᏘᎴᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎾᏛᎯᏍᏗᏍᎬ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏤᎸᏗᏱ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎦᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᎭᏢᏃ ᏌᏊ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᎯᏳᎨᏒ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏍᎩᏘᏍᏗ, e.g. ᎾᎾᎢ ᎣᏪᏅᏒ, ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ.Template:Facts

[edit] ᎠᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᏗᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ

• ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᏁᎵᏍᎩ Oz, 1939.
• ᎠᏍᎦᏯ. ᎠᎴ ᎠᎨᏴ. ᎠᏒᏢᎢ, 1990.
• Night of the Twisters (TV), 1996.
• Tornado! (TV), 1996.
• Twister, 1996.
• ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ Twister (TV), 2001.
• ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᏑᎾᎳᏱ, 2004.
• Perfect Disaster: Super Tornado (Discovery Channel), premiered ᎾᎿ ᎠᎾᏱᎵᏒ 19, 2006.
• Category 7: The End of the World, 2005.

[edit] ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ

• ᎠᏕᏲᎲ
• Derecho
• Downburst
• ᎪᏍᏚᎭ ᏨᏍᎩᎾ
• ᎤᎢᏍᏓ ᎢᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎩ ᎬᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗ iyahdvnelidasdi
• ᎠᏥᎸ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ
• ᎠᏟᏍᏗᏱ ᎤᎶᎩᎸ
• Gustnado
• ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ-spawned tornadoes
• Landspout
• ᏙᎪᏩᎸ F5 tornadoes
• ᏙᎪᏩᎸ tornadoes ᎠᎴ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ
• ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎤᏃᎴ-ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏛᏂ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᏧᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ
• Mesocyclone
• ᏎᏍᏗ ᎠᏕᏲᎲ ᎤᏃᎴ
• NLM Cityhopper ᎤᎳᏫᏛᏓ 431
• ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ
• Supercell
• ᎤᏃᎴ ᎦᏁᎸ
• ᎤᏃᎴ ᎪᏪᎸ
• Tornadoes 2006
• Waterspout

[edit] ᏫᏓᏎᎸᎢ

[edit] ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᏓᎪᎵᏰᏍᎬ

• Thomas P. Grazulis (1993). ᎦᏛᎬᎢ Tornadoes 1680-1991, Chronology ᎠᎴ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᏂᏕᎦᎵᏍᏔᏂᏙᎲ. ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏎᎸᎯ Environmental ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ. ISBN 1-879362-00-7

[edit] ᎤᏓᏎᎦᏤᏗ ᏗᏕᎬᏔᏛ

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Tornado

ᏂᎦᎥ

• Real Time Reports overlaid on Google Maps.
• US Tornadoes, Year to date reports.
• Tornado research and education (ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎤᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎦᏃᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᎦᏍᎩ ᏅᏬᏘ ᎠᏗ)
• WW2010: Tornadoes
• The Tornado Project
• The Tornado and Storm Research Organisation
• European Severe Storms Laboratory
• TorDACH: Centre of Competence for Severe Local Storms in D, A, CH
• U.S. Severe Weather and Meteorology and Climatology (ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ Nebraska ᎾᎾᎢ Lincoln)
• Tornado Forecasting (Rasmussen ᎠᏃᏪᎵᏍᎬ Markowski)
• Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology
• NWS Jet Stream Online Weather School
• Birth of a Tornado ~ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ MSNBC Interactive
• Tornado Newspaper Articles Archive ᎠᏎᏊᎢ ᎪᏪᎸ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ 50,000 ᎪᏪᎵ ᎦᎴᏴᏔᏅ ᏚᏓᏡᎬ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅᎢ tornadoes ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ atsinuqowisgv ᎧᏃᎮᏍᎩ.

ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ

• Tornado images (ᏴᏫ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ)
• National Severe Storms Laboratory Photo Album
• National Weather Service Historical Image Collection
• [1]

ᏄᎾᏰᎯᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏛᏅᎢᏍᏔᏅ

• NOAA Tornado Preparedness Guide
• Tornado Safety (ᎯᎠ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎠᏎᎸᎯ)
• Tornado Preparedness Tips for School Administrators (NOAA / SPC)
• Highway Overpasses as Tornado Shelters: Fallout from the May 3, 1999 Tornado Outbreak (ᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᏙᏯᏗᎳ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ, Norman, ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎻ)
• Natural Disasters - Tornado ᎡᏆ ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏫ ᎠᎩᎾ
• FEMA for Kids: Tornado

ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ

• Tornadoes in Kansas ᎪᏪᎵ ᏕᎦᏅ ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᏩᏥᏂ ᏗᏂᎳᏫᎩ, ᎠᎺᎵᎨ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏍᎩ
• Tornado damage (ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1899; archived ᎦᎾᏄᎪᏨᎢ ᏗᎨᎦᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ)
• Chasing Tornadoes (ᎬᎾᏕᎾ Geographic ᎪᏪᎵ ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ)
• Stormtrack magazine
• StormWiki
• Storm Report Map (ᎡᎶᎯ ᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏅᏅᎢ Tornadoes, ᎦᏁᏐᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏃᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᎢᏗᎬᏁᎸ)
• person carried by tornado survives.