1st Infantry Division (United States)

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1st Infantry Division
1st ID Unit Color
Active	May 24, 1917-
Branch	Regular Army
Type	Division
Role	Heavy Mechanized
Part of	Forces Command
Garrison/HQ	Fort Riley
Nickname	“The Big Red One”
Motto	“No Mission Too Difficult, No Sacrifice Too Great—Duty First”
Colors	Red and Blue
March	The Big Red One Song
Mascot	Rags (WW I)
Battles/wars	World War I World War II *Operation Torch *Operation Husky *D-Day *Battle of Hurtgen Forest Vietnam War Operation Desert Storm Operation Iraqi Freedom
Commanders
Current commander	Major General Carter Ham
Notable commanders	Terry de la Mesa Allen Terry de la Mesa Allen Jr Theodore Roosevelt Jr Clarence R. Huebner

The 1st Infantry Division of the United States Army —nicknamed “The Big Red One” after its shoulder patch—is the oldest division in the United States Army, and has seen continuous service since its organization in 1917. The division's motto is “No Mission Too Difficult, No Sacrifice Too Great-Duty First."

Contents 1 Units 2 History 2.1 World War I 2.1.1 Commanders: 2.1.2 Narrative 2.2 Interwar period 2.3 World War II Prep 2.3.1 Commanders 2.3.2 Narrative 2.4 Deployment to War 2.5 Assignments in the European Theater of Operations 2.6 Korean War 2.7 Vietnam 2.8 First Gulf War 2.9 Bosnia/Kosovo 2.10 2003 Invasion of Iraq 2.11 1st Infantry Division Rebasing to CONUS 2.12 2006 Operation Iraqi Freedom '06-'08 2.13 Transition Team training mission 3 Honors 3.1 Campaign Participation Credit 3.2 Decorations 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

[edit] Units

From the Division's organization web page, the units of the 1st Infantry Division are:

• 1st Brigade -- "Devil Brigade"
• 2nd Brigade -- "Dagger Brigade"
• 3rd Brigade Combat Team -- "Duke Brigade"
• 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team -- "Dragon Brigade"
• Combat Aviation Brigade, 1st Infantry Division
• 1st Sustainment Brigade, 1st Infantry Division
• Separate Units
  • 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry -- "Quarterhorse"
  • 121st Signal Battalion -- "Dangers Voice", "Durable"
  • 101st Military Intelligence Battalion
  • 106th Finance
  • 38th PSB
  • HHC, 1ID -- Headquarters and Headquarters Company
  • 1st Military Police Company
  • 12th Chemical Company (12th CHEM)
  • 1ID BAND -- 1st Infantry Division Band

[edit] History

[edit] World War I

[edit] Commanders:

1. Maj. Gen. William L. Sibert (18 June 1917),
2. Maj. Gen. R. L. Bullard (14 December 1917),
3. Brig. Gen. Beaumond B. Buck (5 April 1918),
4. Maj. Gen. R. L. Bullard (13 April 1918),
5. Maj. Gen. Charles Pelot Summerall, II (15 July 1918),
6. Brig. Gen. F. E. Bamford (12 October 1918),
7. Brig. Gen. Frank Parker (18 October 1918),
8. Maj. Gen. E. F. McGlachlin, Jr. (21 November 1918)

[edit] Narrative

The First Expeditionary Division, later designated the 1st Infantry Division, was constituted on May 24, 1917 in the Regular Army, and was organized on June 8, 1917 at Fort Jay, on Governors Island in New York harbor under the command of Brigadier General William L. Sibert, from Army units then in service on the U.S.-Mexico border and at various Army posts throughout the United States. The original Table of Organization and Equipment included two organic infantry brigades of two infantry regiments each, one engineer battalion; one signal battalion; one trench mortar battery; one field artillery brigade of three field artillery regiments; one aero squadron; and a full division train. The total authorized strength of this TO&E was 18,919 officers and enlisted men. George S. Patton, who served as the first Headquarters Commandant for the American Expeditionary Force oversaw much of the arrangements for the movement of the 1st Division to France, and their organization in-country.

The first units sailed from New York and Hoboken, New Jersey, June 14, 1917. Throughout the remainder of the year, the rest of the division followed, landing at St. Nazaire, France, and Liverpool, England. After a brief stay in rest camps, the troops in England proceeded to France, landing at Le Havre. The last unit arrived in St. Nazaire December 22. Upon arrival in France, the division, less its artillery, was assembled in the First (Gondrecourt) training area, and the artillery was at Le Valdahon.

On the 4th of July, the 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry (2-16), paraded through the streets of Paris to bolster the sagging French spirits. At Lafayette's tomb, one of General John J. Pershing's staff uttered the famous words, "Lafayette, we are here!" Two days later, July 6, Headquarters, First Expeditionary Division was redesignated as Headquarters, First Division'.

On August 8, 1917, the 1st Division adopted the Square Table of organization and Equipment, which included two organic infantry brigades of two infantry regiments each; one engineer regiment; one signal battalion; one machine gun battalion; one field artillery brigade of three field artillery regiments, and a complete division train. The total authorized strength of this new TO&E was 27,120 officers and enlisted men.

On the morning of October 23, the first American shell of the war was sent screaming toward German lines by a First Division artillery unit. Two days later, the 2-16th Infantry suffered the first American casualties of the war.

By April 1918, the Germans had pushed to within 40 miles of Paris. In reaction to this thrust, the Big Red One moved into the Picardy Sector to bolster the exhausted French First Army. To the division's front lay the small village of Cantigny, situated on the high ground overlooking a forested countryside. The 28th Infantry Regiment^[1] attacked the town, and within 45 minutes captured it along with 250 German soldiers. It was the first American victory of the war. The 28th was thereafter named the "Black Lions of Cantigny".

Soissons was taken by the First Division in July 1918. The Soissons victory was costly—700 men were killed or wounded. (One of them, Private Francis Lupo of Cincinnati, was missing in action for 85 years, until his remains were discovered on the former battlefield in 2003). The First Infantry helped to clear the St. Mihiel salient by fighting continuously from September 11–13, 1918. The last major World War I battle was fought in the Meuse-Argonne Forest. The division advanced seven kilometers and defeated, in whole or part, eight German divisions. The war was over when the Armistice was signed. The division was at Sedan, the farthest American penetration of the war. The division was the first to cross the Rhine into occupied Germany.

By the end of the war, the division had suffered 22,668 casualties and boasted five Medal of Honor recipients.

• Casualties

1. 4,411 Killed in Action
2. 17,201 Wounded in Action
3. 1,056 Missing or Died of Wounds

[edit] Interwar period

The 1st Division returned to the Continental U.S. in September 1919, demobilized its war-time TO&E at Camp Zachary Taylor at Louisville, Kentucky, and then returned to New York, with its headquarters located at Fort Hamilton in Brooklyn.

On October 7, 1920, the 1st Division organized under the peacetime TO&E, which included two organic infantry brigades of two infantry regiments each, one engineer regiment; one observation squadron; one field artillery brigade of two Field Artillery Regiments; one Medical Regiment; one Division Quartermaster Train; and a Special Troops Command replacing the remainder of the division Train. The total authorized strength of this TO&E was 19,385. 1st Division was one of three Infantry Divisions and one Cavalry Division that was authorized to remain at full peacetime strength, and it was the only Regular Army division assigned to the II Corps Area, which also included the 27th Infantry Division of the New York Army National Guard; the 44th infantry Division of the New Jersey, New York, and Delaware Army National Guards; the 21st Cavalry Division of the New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and New jersey Army national Guards; and the 77th, 78th, and 98th Infantry Divisions and the 61st Cavalry Division of the Organized Reserves. This was the organization that existed in the II Corps area for the duration of the peace period.

1st Division adopted a new peacetime TO&E in preparation for war on January 8, 1940, which included three Infantry Regiments, one MP Company, one Engineer Battalion, one Signal Company, one Light Field Artillery Regiment of three Field Artillery Battalions and one Medium Field Artillery Regiment of two Field Artillery Battalions, one Medical Battalion, and one Quartermaster Battalion. The authorized strength of this TO&E was 9,057 officers and enlisted men. 1st Infantry Division reorganized again on November 1, 1940 to a new TO&E, which added a Reconnaissance Troop, and organized the two Field Artillery Regiments into a Division Artillery Command, and beefed up the strength to a total Authorized Strength of 15,245 officers and enlisted men.

[edit] World War II Prep

[edit] Commanders

1. Maj. Gen. Donald Cubbison (February 1941),
2. Maj. Gen. Terry de la Mesa Allen (2 August 1942),
3. Maj. Gen. Clarence R. Huebner (July 1943),
4. Maj. Gen. Clift Andrus (December 1944),
5. Maj. Gen. Frank Milburn (August 1946).

[edit] Narrative

1st Division started preparing for World War II by moving to Fort Benning on November 19, 1939, and ran its personnel through the Infantry School. It then moved to the Sabine, Louisiana area on May 11, 1940 to participate in the Louisiana Maneuvers. They then returned to Fort Hamilton on June 5, 1940. The headquarters was then transferred to Fort Devens at Ayer, Massachusetts February 4, 1941, and then participated in the October and November maneuvers in the Carolinas, with a garrison at Samarcand, North Carolina on October 16, 1941.

1st Division then returned to Fort Devens on December 6, 1941, which is where they were when Pearl Harbor was attacked. 1st Division then deployed to Camp Blanding at Starke, Florida on February 21, 1942, which is where they were when 1st Division was officially re-designated at Headquarters, 1st Infantry Division on August 1, 1942. At this time, 1st ID reorganized under the new Wartime TO&E, which increased the Authorized Strength to 15,514 Officers and Enlisted men. This TO&E resulted in the following Order of Battle:

Headquarters, 1st Infantry Division

Headquarters & Military Police Company

1st Cavalry Reconnaissance Company

1st Signal Company

16th Infantry Regiment

18th Infantry Regiment

26th Infantry Regiment

HHB, 1st Division Artillery

5th Field Artillery Battalion

7th Field Artillery Battalion

32nd Field Artillery Battalion

33rd Field Artillery Battalion

1st Infantry Division Artillery Band

1st Engineer Battalion

1st Medical Battalion

1st Quartermaster Battalion

[edit] Deployment to War

In World War II, the division landed in Oran, Algeria as part of Operation Torch. Elements then took part in combat at Maktar, Medjez el Bab, Kasserine Pass, Gafsa, El Guettar, Béja, and Mateur, 21 January – 9 May 1943, helping secure Tunisia.

In July, 1943 it took part in Operation Husky in Sicily under the command of Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen. It was assigned to U.S. II Corps. On 7 August 1943, command was assumed by Major General Clarence R. Huebner.

When that campaign was over, the division returned to England to prepare for the Normandy invasion. It was the division that stormed Omaha Beach on D-Day, some units suffering 30 percent casualties in the first hour, and secured Formigny and Caumont in the beachhead. The division followed up the St. Lo break-through with an attack on Marigny, 27 July 1944, and then drove across France in a continuous offensive, reaching the German border at Aachen in September. The division laid siege to Aachen, taking the city after a direct assault, 21 October 1944. The First then attacked east of Aachen through Hurtgen Forest, driving to the Roer, and moved to a rest area 7 December for its first real rest in 6 months' combat, when the Wacht Am Rhein offensive (commonly called the Battle of the Bulge) suddenly broke loose, 16 December. The division raced to the Ardennes, and fighting continuously from 17 December 1944 to 28 January 1945, helped blunt and turn back the German offensive. Thereupon, the division attacked and again breached the Siegfried Line, fought across the Roer, 23 February 1945, and drove on to the Rhine, crossing at the Remagen bridgehead, 15–16 March 1945. The division broke out of the bridgehead, took part in the encirclement of the Ruhr Pocket, captured Paderborn, pushed through the Harz Mountains, and was in Czechoslovakia, at Kinsperk, Sangerberg, and Mnichov, when the war in Europe ended. Sixteen members of the division were awarded the Medal of Honor.

• Casualties

1. 3,616 Killed in Action
2. 15,208 Wounded in Action
3. 664 Died of Wounds

[edit] Assignments in the European Theater of Operations

1. 1 November 1943: First Army.
2. 6 November 1943: VII Corps.
3. 2 February 1944: V Corps.
4. 14 July 1944: First Army.
5. 15 July 1944: VII Corps.
6. 1 August 1944: VII Corps, First Army, 12th Army Group.
7. 16 December 1944: V Corps.
8. 20 December 1944: Attached, with the entire First Army, to the British 21st Army Group.
9. 26 January 1945: XVIII (Abn) Corps, First Army, 12th Army Group.
10. 12 February 1945: III Corps.
11. 8 March 1945: VII Corps.
12. 27 April 1945: VIII Corps.
13. 30 April 1945: V Corps.
14. 6 May 1945: Third Army, 12th Army Group.

• In these tabulations, the army and higher headquarters to which the division is assigned or attached is not repeated when the division is assigned or attached to a different corps in the same army.

• On 6 November 1943, for example, the 1st Infantry Division was assigned to the VII Corps which was itself assigned to First Army; on 1 August 1944, the 12th Army Group became operational; and on 6 May 1945, the 1st Infantry Division left First Army for the first time during the operations on the Continent for reassignment to the Third Army.

[edit] Korean War

During the Korean War, the Big Red One was serving as an occupation force in Germany, and discouraging any Soviet designs on Europe.

In 1955 the division colors left Germany and were relocated to Fort Riley, Kansas.

[edit] Vietnam

The division fought in the Vietnam War from 1965 to 1970.

Arriving in July of 1965, the division began combat operations within two weeks. By the end of 1965 the division had participated in three major operations: Hump, Bushmaster I and Bushmaster II, under the command of MG Jonathan O. Seaman.

In 1966 the division took part in Operations Marauder, Crimp II, and Rolling Stone in the early part of the year. In March, MG William E. DePuy took command. In June and July the division took part in the battles of Ap Tau O, Srok Dong and Minh Thanh Road. In November they participated in Operation Attleboro.

1967 saw the 1st I.D. in Operations Cedar Falls, Junction City, Manhattan, and Shenandoah II. MG John H. Hay assumed command in February. On October 17, 1967, the 1st I.D suffered heavy casualties at the Battle of Ong Thanh with 58 KIA.

1968 would see the division involved in the Tet Offensive, securing the massive Tan Son Nhut Air Base. In March, MG Keith L. Ware took command. That same month the division took part in Operation Quyet Thang (Resolve to Win), April would see the division participate in the largest operation in the Vietnam conflict, Operation Toan Thang (Certain Victory). On 13 September, the division Commander, MG Ware, was killed in action when his command helicopter was shot down by hostile fire. MG Orwin C. Talbott moved up from his position of Assistant Division Commander to assume command of the division.

In the first half of 1969, The Big Red One conducted reconnaissance-in-force and ambush operations, including a multi-divisional operation, Atlas Wedge, and participated in the Battles of An Loc. The last part of the year saw the division take part in "Dong Tien" (Progress Together) operations. These operations were intended to assist South Vietnamese forces to take a more active role in combat. In August MG A. E Milloy took command of the 1st I.D. while the division took part in battles along National Highway 13, known as "Thunder Road" to the end of the year.

In January 1970 it was announced that the division would return to Fort Riley. 11 members of the division were awarded the Medal of Honor.

• Casualties

1. 3,146 Killed in Action
2. 18,019 Wounded in Action
3. 20 Prisoner of War

[edit] First Gulf War

The division, commanded by Major General Thomas G. Rhame, also participated in Operation Desert Storm. The division's two maneuver brigades from Ft. Riley were rounded out by the addition of two tank battalions (2-66 and 3-66 AR), an infantry battalion (1-41 IN), and a field artillery battalion (4-3 FA) from 2nd Armored Division (Forward) in Germany. It was responsible for the initial breach of the Iraqi defenses, consequently rolling over the Iraqi 26th Infantry Division and taking 2,600 prisoners of war. The Big Red One continued with the subsequent 260 kilometer assault on enemy-held territory over 100 hours, engaging eleven Iraqi divisions, destroying 550 enemy tanks, 480 armored personnel carriers and taking 11,400 prisoners. By the early morning of February 28, 1991, the division had taken position along the Highway of Death, preventing any Iraqi retreat. The division's 2nd Dagger Brigade, led by Colonel Anthony Moreno, was then tasked with securing town of Safwan, Iraq, which was to be the site for the permanent cease-fire negotioations.

There was also the “bulldozer assault”, wherein two brigades from the 1st Infantry Division (Mechanized) used anti-mine plows mounted on tanks and combat earthmovers to bury Iraqi soldiers defending the fortified "Saddam Line." While approximately 2,000 of the troops surrendered, escaping burial, one newspaper story reported that the U.S. commanders estimated thousands of Iraqi soldiers had been buried alive during the two-day assault February 24-25, 1991.

In 1996 the division colors were relocated to the German city of Würzburg.

[edit] Bosnia/Kosovo

2nd (Dagger)Brigade Combat Team deployed to Bosnia as part of IFOR2 / SFOR1 from October 1996 to April 1997. 2nd Brigade was replaced by element from 3rd Brigade and 4th Brigade(AVN).

Elements of the division, to include personnel and units from the 2nd, 3rd and 4th (Aviation) Brigades, served in Kosovo.

[edit] 2003 Invasion of Iraq

In February 2004, the Division deployed to Iraq, where it conducted a relief in place of the 4th Infantry Division, primarily in Salah ad-Din and Diyala provinces, with the Division headquarters being located on Forward Operating Base Danger, near Saddam Hussein's hometown of Tikrit. Task Force Danger, as the Division was called during OIF2, also had a light infantry brigade from the 25th Infantry Division and the 30th Enhanced Seperate Briagde, "Old Hickory," of the North Carolina National Guard. In February 2005, the division was replaced by the 42d Infantry Division, New York National Guard, and elements of the 3rd Infantry Division and returned to its home in Germany.

[edit] 1st Infantry Division Rebasing to CONUS

In July, 2006 the division was withdrawn from Germany back to Fort Riley in CONUS, leaving only 2nd (Dagger) Brigade in Schweinfurt, Germany. They are slated to remain in Germany as the only organic heavy mechanized brigade assigned to the United States European Command Area of Responsibility. [1]

[edit] 2006 Operation Iraqi Freedom '06-'08

The 2nd (Dagger) Brigade is deployed to support the "Global War On Terror", in Iraq. One of the brigade's battalions, 1st Battalion, 77th Armor, is deployed to Ramadi, while the 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry is in central Baghdad and the 1st Battalion, 26th Infantry is in the Adhamiya neighborhood.

Elements from Fort Riley's 1st (Devil) Brigade deployed in the fall of 2006 to other area of operations in Iraq. Units include companies from the 1st Battalion, 16th Infantry; 1st Battalion, 34th Armor; 1st Battalion, 5th Field Artillery; 1st Engineer Battalion; and D Troop, 4th Cavalry.

[edit] Transition Team training mission

State-side training for the Military Transition Teams (MiTTs) is located at Fort Riley, Kansas. Training began June 1, 2006. The 1st Battalion, 34th Armor Regiment, of the 1st Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, is responsible for the initial creation, integration, pre-deployment preparation and training of the MiTTs.

[edit] Honors

[edit] Campaign Participation Credit

• World War I:

1. Montdidier-Noyon
2. Aisne-Marne
3. St. Mihiel
4. Meuse-Argonne
5. Lorraine 1917
6. Lorraine 1918
7. Picardy 1918

• World War II:

1. Algeria-French Morocco (with arrowhead)
2. Tunisia
3. Sicily (with arrowhead)
4. Normandy (with arrowhead)
5. Northern France
6. Rhineland
7. Ardennes-Alsace
8. Central Europe

• Vietnam:

1. Defense
2. Counteroffensive
3. Counteroffensive, Phase II
4. Counteroffensive, Phase III
5. Tet Counteroffensive
6. Counteroffensive, Phase IV
7. Counteroffensive, Phase V
8. Counteroffensive, Phase VI
9. Tet 69/Counteroffensive
10. Summer-Fall 1969
11. Winter-Spring 1970

• Southwest Asia:

1. Defense of Saudi Arabia
2. Liberation and Defense of Kuwait
3. Cease-Fire

• Global War on Terrorism

1. Operation Iraqi Freedom II

[edit] Decorations

1. Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for VIETNAM 1968
2. Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) for SOUTHWEST ASIA
3. Army Superior Unit Award for 1997
4. French Croix de Guerre with Palm, World War II for KASSERINE
5. French Croix de Guerre with Palm, World War II for NORMANDY
6. French Croix de Guerre, World War II, Fourragere
7. Belgian Fourragere 1940
8. Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action at MONS
9. Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action at EUPEN-MALMEDY
10. Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM 1965-1968
11. Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal, First Class for VIETNAM 1965-1970

[edit] See also

• The Big Red One (1980), a movie about the division's experiences in WWII written by Samuel Fuller who served in the division during WWII.
• Call of Duty 2: Big Red One (2005), a video game focusing on the division in WWII was released on November 1, 2005
• Call of Duty: Finest Hour a video game that involves a squad of the 1st infantry division in several levels

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Duty First: The 1st Infantry Division's award-winning quarterly magazine
• 1st Infantry Division website
• The Society of the First Infantry Division website
• 16th Infantry Regiment Association "Semper Paratus" Website]
• Commanders of 1st Infantry Division
• GlobalSecurity.org page on 1ID
• The First! The Story of the 1st Infantry Division (WWII divisional history booklet, 1945)
• Institute of Heraldy
• Society of the First Infantry Division
• 26 photos of First Division Memorial at "Sites of Memory"
• Big Red One MVCG Belgium MONS (Belgian Big Red One re-enactment unit)
• 1st ID Operation Iraqi Freedom II Memorial Video