Aiphanes horrida
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Aiphanes horrida (Jacq.) Burret[1] |
Aiphanes horrida (syn. include Aiphanes aculeata Willd., Aiphanes caryotifolia (Kunth) H.Wendl.; Cocos rura, Mararay, Corozo, Macagüita, Marará[2], Macahuite, Corozo del Orinoco, Corozo anchame, Mararava, Cubarro, Chonta, Chascaraza, Charascal, Corozo chiquito, Corozo colorado, Pujamo, Gualte, Chonta ruro[3], Pupunha xicaxica,[4] Coyure palm, Ruffle palm, Aculeata palm[5], Spine palm) is a palm native to northern South America and Trinidad and Tobago. A. horrida is a solitary, spiny tree. In the wild it grows 3-10 metres tall (9-30 feet) tall with a stem diameter of 6-10 centimetres (2-4 inches); cultivated trees may be as much as 15 m (49') tall with a 15 cm (6") diameter.[3] The epicarp and mesocarp of the fruit rich in carotene and are eaten in Colombia, while the seeds are used to make candles.[2] In parts of the Colombian Llanos endocarps are used to play games.[3]
The range of the species is found in dry forests between sea level and 1700 m (5600') above sea level in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela, but is not native to Ecuador.[2] The species is cultivated as an ornamental throughout the tropics.[3]
Many authors, including Henderson et al. (1995)[2] and Borchenius and Bernal (1996)[3] use A. aculeata rather than A. horrida, giving Jacquin's description of Caryota horrida a publication date of 1809, three years after Willdenow's 1806 description. On the other hand, Govaerts et al. (2006)[6] gives Jacquin's work a publication date of 1801, giving A. horrida priority over A. aculeata.
[edit] Synonymy
Synonyms include:
- Caryota horrida Jacq.
- Aiphanes aculeata Willd.
- Euterpe aculeata (Jacq.) Spreng.
- Martinezia aculeata (Jacq.) Klotzsch
- Martinezia caryotifolia Kunth
- Marara caryotifolia (Kunth) H.Karst.
- Aiphanes caryotifolia (Kunth) H.Wendl.
- Tilmia caryotifolia (Kunth) O.F.Cook
- Bactris premorsa Poepp. ex Mart.
- Aiphanes premorsa (Poepp. ex Mart.) Burret
- Martinezia truncata Brongn. ex Mart.
- Aiphanes truncata (Brongn. ex Mart.) H.Wendl.
- Martinezia elegans Linden & H.Wendl.
- Aiphanes elegans (Linden & H.Wendl.) H.Wendl.
- Marara bicuspidata H.Karst.
- Martinezia ernestii Burret
- Aiphanes ernestii (Burret) Burret
- Martinezia killipii Burret
- Aiphanes killipii (Burret) Burret
- Aiphanes orinocensis Burret
[edit] References
- ^ Aiphanes horrida (Jacq.) Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 575 (1932). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved on 2007-03-15.
- ^ a b c d Henderson, Andrew; Gloria Galeano; Rodrigo Bernal (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08537-4.
- ^ a b c d e Borchsenius, Finn; Rodrigo Bernal (December 1996). Aiphanes (Palmae). Flora Neotropica 70.
- ^ Campos, Marina Thereza; Christiane Ehringhaus (2003). Plant Virtues Are in the Eyes of the Beholders: A Comparison of Known Palm Uses Among Indigenous and Folk Communities of Southwestern Amazonia. Economic Botany 57 (3): 324–344.
- ^ Aiphanes horrida. PACSOA, the Palm and Cycad Society of Australia. Retrieved on 2007-03-16.
- ^ Govaerts, R.; J. Henderson; S.F. Zona; D.R. Hodel; A. Henderson (2006). World Checklist of Arecaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved on 2007-02-06.
[edit] External links
- Aiphanes horrida, PACSOA, the Palm and Cycad Society of Australia - includes images of the tree, foliage and fruit.
