Andean Community of Nations

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**Comunidad Andina de Naciones**


Membership	4 member states 6 associate members 2 observer states
Seat of Secretariat	Lima
Secretary General	Freddy Ehlers (since 2007)
Official website	http://www.comunidadandina.org/

The Andean Community of Nations (in Spanish: Comunidad Andina de Naciones, abbreviated CAN) is a trade bloc comprising the South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela (which is in the process of leaving the bloc). The trade bloc was called the Andean Pact until 1996 and came into existence with the signing of the Cartagena Agreement in 1969. Its headquarters are located in Lima, Peru.

The Andean Community has 120 million inhabitants living in an area of 4,700,000 square kilometers, whose Gross Domestic Product amounted to US$745.3 billion in 2005, including Venezuela.

1 Membership
2 Relationship with other organizations
3 History
4 Organization
5 Secretaries-General
6 Free flow of people
- 6.1 Andean passport
7 See also
8 External links

[edit] Membership

The original Andean Pact was founded in 1969 by Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. In 1973 the pact gained its sixth member, Venezuela. However, in 1976 its membership was again reduced to five when Chile withdrew. Finally in 2006, Venezuela also announced its withdrawal, reducing the Andean Community to 4 member states.

Recently, with the new cooperation agreement with Mercosur, the Andean Community gained four new associate members: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. These four Mercosur members were granted associate membership by the Andean Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in an enlarged session with the Commission (of the Andean Community) on July 7, 2005. This moves reciprocates the actions of Mercosur which granted associate membership to all the Andean Community nations by virtue of the Economic Complementarity Agreements (Free Trade agreements) signed between the CAN and individual Mercosur members. ^[1]

Current members:
- Bolivia (1969), in process of joining MERCOSUR
- Colombia (1969), in the framework of CSN and associate member of MERCOSUR
- Ecuador (1969)
- Peru (1969)
Former full members:
- Venezuela (1973-2006), joined MERCOSUR
Associate members:
- Argentina (2005), in the framework of CSN
- Brazil (2005), in the framework of CSN
- Chile (full member 1969-1976, observer 1976-2006, associate member since 2006)^{will rejoin as a full member}
- Paraguay (2005), in the framework of CSN
- Uruguay (2005), in the framework of CSN
- Venezuela (2006), in the framework of CSN
Observer countries:
- Mexico
- Panama

[edit] Relationship with other organizations

The Andean Community together with Mercosur comprises the two main trading blocs of South America. In 1999 these organizations began negotiating a merger with a view to creating a South American Free Trade Area (SAFTA). On December 8, 2004 it signed a cooperation agreement with Mercosur and they published a joint letter of intention for future negotiations towards integrating all of South America in the context of the South American Community of Nations, patterned after the European Union.

During 2005, Venezuela decided to join Mercosur. Venezuela's official position first appeared to be that, by joining Mercosur, further steps could be taken towards integrating both trade blocs. CAN Secretary General Allan Wagner stated that the Venezuelan Foreign Minister Alí Rodríguez had declared that Venezuela did not intend to leave the CAN, and its simultaneous membership to both blocs marked the beginning of their integration.[2]

However some analysts interpreted that Venezuela might eventually leave the CAN in the process. [3] This prediction seems to have been finally verified in April 2006, with Venezuelan President Chávez's announcement of his country's withdrawal from the Andean Community after stating that, as Colombia and Peru have signed free trade agreements (FTAs) with the United States, the Community is "dead". [4] Officials in Colombia and Peru have expressed their disagreement with this view, as did representatives from Venezuela's industrial sector (Conindustria). [5]

Despite this announcement, Venezuela has yet to formally complete all the necessary withdrawal procedures. According to Venezuela's Commerce Minister María Cristina Iglesias, the entire process will take up to five years. Until then, Venezuela and its partners remain bound by the effects of the community's preexisting commercial agreements. [6]

[edit] History

The groundwork for the Community was established in 1969 in the Cartagena Agreement.
In 1973 Venezuela joins Andean Pact.
In 1976, Augusto Pinochet withdrew Chile from the Andean Community claiming economic incompatibilities.
In 1979, the treaty creating the Court of Justice was signed and the Andean Parliament created and the Andean Council of Foreign Ministers were created.
In 1983, the treaty creating the Court of Justice entered into effect.
In 1991, the presidents approved the open skies policy and agree to intensify integration.
In 1992, Peru temporarily suspended its obligations under the Liberalization Program.
In 1993, the Free Trade Zone entered into full operation for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela.
In 1994, the Common External Tariff was approved.

Colombian President Álvaro Uribe delivering a speech at the opening of the Fourteenth Meeting of the Andean Presidential Council, June 27, 2003.

In 1996, the Cartagena Agreement Commission approved the regulatory context for the establishment, operation, and exploitation of the Simón Bolívar Satellite System.
In 1997, an agreement was reached for Peru's gradual incorporation into the Andean Free Trade Zone.
In 1998, the Framework Agreement for the creation of a Free Trade Area between the Andean Community and the Mercosur was signed in Buenos Aires.
In 2000, a meeting of the South American Presidents, at which the Andean Community Heads of State and Mercosur decide to launch negotiations for establishing a free trade area between the two blocs as rapidly as possible and by January 2002 at the latest.
In August 2003, the Andean Community and Mercosur Foreign Ministers, during a meeting in Montevideo at which the CAN delivered a working proposal containing guidelines for the negotiation, reaffirmed their governments' political determination to move ahead with the negotiation of a free trade agreement between the two blocs.
In April 2006 President Hugo Chávez announced that Venezuela would withdraw from the Andean Community, claiming the FTA agreements signed by Colombia and Peru with the USA caused irreparable damage to the community.

[edit] Organization

Andean Presidential Council
Andean Foreign Relations Ministers Council
Commission
Headquarters (Lima, Peru)
Andean Justice Tribunal
Andean Congress (Bogotá, Colombia)
Latin American Reserve Fund
Simón Bolívar Andean University

[edit] Secretaries-General

Sebastián Alegrett (Venezuela) 1997–2002
Guillermo Fernández de Soto (Colombia) 2002–2004
Edward Allan Wagner Tizón (Peru) 2004–2006
Alfredo Fuentes Hernández (Colombia), interim 2006–2007
Freddy Ehlers Zurita (Ecuador), 2007–present

[edit] Free flow of people

From January 1, 2005, the citizens of the member countries can enter the other Andean Community member states without the requirement of visa. The passengers should present the authorities their national ID cards.

Visitors to Venezuela will have to present their passports; they will then receive the Andean Migration Card (Tarjeta Andina de Migración), in which the time of temporary residence in the country is stated.

[edit] Andean passport

Main article: Andean passport

The Andean passport was created in June 2001 pursuant to Decisión 504. This stipulates the issuing of a passport based on a standard model which contains harmonised features of nomenclature and security. The passport is effective in Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela; Bolivia and Colombia will start issuing Andean passports in early 2006.