Banbury
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Banbury | |
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| Population | 43,867 (2001 Census) |
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| OS grid reference | |
| District | Cherwell |
| Shire county | Oxfordshire |
| Region | South East |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BANBURY |
| Postcode district | OX16 |
| Dial code | 01295 |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Oxfordshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
| UK Parliament | Banbury |
| European Parliament | South East England |
| List of places: UK • England • Oxfordshire | |
Banbury is a market town located on the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, England. It had a population of 43,867 at the 2001 census,[1] although immigration from Eastern Europe has caused it to grow since[citation needed]. Banbury is part of, and the largest town in, the Cherwell district. Residents of Banbury are called "Banburians" and the Member of Parliament for Banbury is Tony Baldry.
Banbury is a significant commercial and retail centre for the surrounding area, which is predominantly rural. Banbury has a shopping centre called Castle Quay, which is one of the largest in the region with over 70 shops and cafes. Banbury's main industries include car components, electrical goods, plastics, food processing, and printing. Banbury is home to the world's largest coffee-producing facility (Kraft Foods Banbury), built in 1964. The town is famed for Banbury cakes – similar to Eccles cakes but oval in shape. Since July 2000 it has hosted a unique gathering of traditional mock animals, from around the UK and beyond, at the annual Banbury Hobby Horse Festival.
The surrounding area is known informally by some as Banburyshire and covers the north half of the Cherwell district and neighbouring areas. As Banbury lies near to the Oxfordshire border, "Banburyshire" includes parts of Northamptonshire and Warwickshire. Banbury is considered the commercial centre of the northern half of Oxfordshire.
[edit] History
During excavations for the building of an office in Hennef Way in 2002, the remains of an Iron Age settlement with circular buildings, dating back to 200 AD were found. The site contained around 150 pieces of pottery and stone. Later, there was a Roman villa at nearby Wykham Park.
Banbury itself developed in the Anglo-Saxon period under strong Danish influence, starting in the latter half of the fifth century. The name Banbury may have derived from "Banna", a Saxon chieftain said to have built his stockade there in the sixth century - "bury" meaning settlement. The name appears as "Banesberie" in the Domesday Book.
The Saxons built Banbury on the west bank of the River Cherwell. On the opposite bank they built Grimsbury, which was later incorporated into Banbury.
Banbury stands at the junction of two ancient roads: Salt Way (still used as a bridle path to the west and south of the town), its primary use being the transportation of salt; and Banbury Lane, which began near Northampton and closely followed the modern 22-mile-long road before running through Banbury's High Street and on towards the Fosse Way at Stow-on-the-Wold. Banbury's mediæval prosperity was based on wool.
Banbury Castle was built from 1135 by Alexander, the bishops of Lincoln, and survived into the Civil War, when it was besieged. Due to its proximity to Oxford, the King's capital, Banbury was a Royalist town, but the inhabitants were known to be strongly Puritan. The castle was demolished after the war.
Banbury played an important part in the Civil War as a base of operations for Oliver Cromwell, who purportedly planned the Battle of Edge Hill in the back room (which can still be visited) of a local inn, The Reindeer, a noted hostelry to this day. [1]
For centuries, trading in wool, ale, cakes and cheese created wealth for the town. Wool was first referred to in the year 1268, and cheese was manufactured from the 15th to the 18th centuries. Communications have always played a major role in the town's prosperity and prevented it from being just a quiet rural market town. It was a notable stagecoach stop and both the Red Lion and White Lion were coaching inns of note. Wealthy travellers would leave well supplied with Banbury Cakes.
Banbury was ravaged by fire in 1628. Although some buildings have survived to the present day, many were destroyed.
The construction of the Oxford Canal in 1790 greatly aided the town's growth. Later the railways also helped its expansion: in 1850 the first rails reached Banbury, one line from the Great Western Railway and one from the London and North Western Railway, giving Banbury two stations side by side: the Great Western station, always the town's main station, later became known as Banbury Bridge Street, while the London & North Western became Banbury Merton Street. Merton Street closed in 1959 to allow all traffic to be concentrated on the main station. The railway lines to Brackley and Woodford Halse (both in Northamptonshire) closed in 1961 and 1966 respectively, but the main station, now simply called Banbury, still flourishes as a popular commuter and tourist station, served by trains running between London Paddington and Birmingham via Reading, Oxford and Leamington Spa, and from London Marylebone via High Wycombe and Bicester. The former mineral line from Banbury to the nearby ironstone quarry beside Wroxton village opened in about 1900 and closed in 1967 after the ironstone ran out. The small opencast mine was heavily used during World War II.
Until its closure in June 1998, Banbury was home to the largest livestock market in western Europe.
The town saw rapid expansion during the 1960s as housing was built for the overspill from London. Banbury's continued growth was accelerated by the completion of the M40 motorway which gave faster access by road to London and Birmingham.
Banbury was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Reform Act 1835. It retained a borough council until 1974, when under the Local Government Act 1972 it became part of the Cherwell district, an unparished area with Charter Trustees. A civil parish with a town council was set up in 2000.
[edit] Transport and infrastructure
Due to the building of the M40 motorway, Banbury is now a large, prosperous town with good industry. It is now one of the major commuter towns for both London[citation needed] and Birmingham. The M40 also provides local residents great access to both the Midlands and the southeast.
Banbury also has rail links to Coventry, Birmingham and London Marylebone via the non-electrified line that runs from London Marylebone.
Banbury has an intra-urban bus service provided by Stagecoach Group which also feeds the outlying villages and provides transport to towns such as Oxford, Chipping Norton and Brackley.
The Oxford Canal snakes its way through Banbury, providing a stopping point for narrowboat owners, and although the canal is no longer used for freight, it remains a busy and bustling waterway as it joins to the main Grand Union Canal further north.
Hennef Way (A422) was upgraded to a dual carriageway easing traffic on the heavily congested road and providing better links to north Banbury and the town centre from the M40. The project was planned to take 85 weeks but was finished 6 weeks overdue.
There have been recent suggestions to build a ring road around Banbury or add a relief road from Bodicote to ease town centre traffic although none of these plans have yet gone forth.
[edit] Expansion timeline of Banbury
- 1790 — Oxford Canal built, making access to Banbury easier for industry
- 1850 — Railway built through Banbury, making commuting to London and Birmingham much easier
- 1960 — London overspill greatly increases town's population and leads to the construction of the Bird's factory (now Kraft Foods) and the Bretch Hill estate
- 1991 — M40 construction complete, further improving links to London and Birmingham
- 2000 — Hanwell Fields estate construction starts (still being expanded today)
- 2004 — Cherwell Centre construction complete (with bowling alley, Matalan and car park)
- 2006 — College Fields estate construction is approved (1,070 houses adjacent to Bankside/Bodicote). The town's Tesco store is expanded into a two-storey Tesco Extra, making it the second largest Tesco in the country.
[edit] Shopping
Banbury has many shops in suburban local centres and in the town centre along the High Street, Parsons Street, Broad Street and in the market place. There is also a market held on Thursdays and Saturdays in the market place. Banbury also has an average size retail park (Banbury Cross Retail Park).
[edit] Castle Quay
Castle Quay is a large shopping centre located in the centre of Banbury. It opened as the Castle Shopping Centre in 1977 before being expanded in the 1990s. It has six entrances; three along the canal, one on Bridge Street and two in the market place. The centre has over 70 shops including well-known names such as Woolworths, Marks & Spencer, Bhs, Debenhams and many more.
[edit] Market
Every Thursday a market is held in the market place, as well as a farmers' market on the first Friday of every month.
[edit] Polish immigration
Banbury has one of the UK's lowest unemployment rates (less than 1%), with a resultant high demand for labour. Once Poland joined the European Union in 2004, a number of Banbury-based employment agencies began advertising for staff in major Polish newspapers. Two years later, a survey concluded that Poles now make up 10% of Banbury's population.[2] The influx of the largely Catholic Polish workers has had a revitalising effect on Banbury's Catholic churches, to the extent that at least one now offers a Mass said partially in Polish. Additionally specialist Polish food shops have opened as well as supermarkets such as Tesco opening specialist food counters for the new population.
[edit] Banbury Cross
At one time Banbury had many crosses (The High Cross, The Bread Cross and The White Cross), but these were destroyed by Puritans on 26 July 1600. Banbury remained without a cross for another 250 years until the current Banbury Cross was erected in 1859 at the centre of the town to commemorate the marriage of Queen Victoria's eldest daughter to Prince Frederick of Prussia. The current Banbury Cross is a stone, spire-shaped monument decorated in Gothic form. Statues of Queen Victoria, Edward VII and George V were added in 1911. The cross is fifty-two feet six inches high, and topped by a gilt cross.
The English nursery rhyme "Ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross" refers to a cross destroyed by Puritans in 1602. There are many theories about the identity of the "fine lady" referred to in the rhyme. It has been variously suggested that she was:
- a lady from the Fiennes family, Fiennes being the family name of the Saye and Sele family, whose ancestral home, Broughton Castle, is three miles from Banbury
- a local girl who rode in a May Day procession
- Queen Elizabeth I
- Lady Godiva
In April 2005, Princess Anne unveiled a large bronze statue depicting the Fine Lady upon a White Horse of the nursery rhyme. It stands on the corner of West Bar and South Bar, just yards from the present Banbury Cross.
[edit] Cattle Market
Banbury is a historic market town that used to be home to Western Europe's largest cattle market,[3] situated on Merton Street in Grimsbury where trading took place with a variety of farm animals. Since its closure in June 1998 a new housing development has been built on its site (that may soon include a school). The council rejected planning permission for a new smaller cattle market on the grounds that it would increase traffic congestion.
[edit] Local Newspapers
Banbury has three local newspapers:
- The Banbury Guardian, which costs 40p and is a broadsheet
- The Banbury Review, which is a free tabloid
- The Banbury Cake, also a free tabloid
The Banbury Guardian is published on a Thursday and goes on sale the same day, while the Banbury Cake is published on a Wednesday and is released for delivery on Thursday and the Banbury Review is published on a Thursday being released for delivery on Friday.
[edit] Banbury Museum
Banbury has a new modern museum in the town centre.[4] It cost approximately £5,000,000 to build and is accessed over a bridge from the Castle Quay Shopping Centre or via Spiceball Park road. Admission to the museum is free.
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[edit] Schools and colleges
[edit] Colleges
- Oxford and Cherwell Valley College (formerly known as "North Oxfordshire College")
[edit] Secondary schools
- Banbury School (includes 6th form)
- Blessed George Napier Roman Catholic School and Sports College [5] (includes 6th form) Also known as B.G.N
- Drayton School (does not include 6th form; this school will be replaced by North Oxfordshire Academy from September 2007.United Learning Trust's website for the proposal of North Oxfordshire Academy)
[edit] Primary schools
The Primary schools in the area are:
- Dashwood school
- The Grange School
- Hardwick School
- Harriers Ground Primary School
- Hill View School
- Hanwell Fields Community School
- Orchard Fields Community School (formerly known as "Neithrop County Infants School" and "Neithrop County Junior School")
- St John's Roman Catholic Primary School
- St John's Priory School (which is an Independent school)
- St Joseph's Roman Catholic Primary School
- St Leonard's School
- St Mary's School
- Queensway School
- William Morris School
[edit] Geography
- Co-ordinates
Banbury's latitude and longitude are (at Banbury Cross, which is usually considered the centre).
Banbury is located in the Cherwell Valley therefore there are many hills in and around the town. Apart from the town centre much of Banbury is on a slope and each entrance into the town is downhill, estates such as Bretch Hill and Hardwick are built on top of a hill and much of the town can be seen from both. Other hills include Crouch Hill and many others to the east of the town.
Banbury is located at the bank of the River Cherwell, and it sweeps through the town, going just east of the town centre with Grimsbury being the only estate east of the river.
[edit] Churches and Places of Worship
There are many churches in Banbury as well as a mosque. Below is a list of them:
- St Paul's Church
- St Mary's Church of England and United Reformed Church
- Marlborough Road Methodist Church
- The Salvation Army Church, George Street
- Grimsbury Baptist Church
- Baptist Church Centre
- St. John's Evangelist Church
- Grimsbury Mosque
[edit] Parks and Recreational areas
Banbury is a town with many Parks and other recreational areas. Some of these are:
- Bankside Park
- Browning Road Park
- The Easington Rec
- Horton View Sports Ground
- Ironstones Park
- King's Field Park (Actually in Bodicote)
- The People's Park
- Rugrats Park
- Spiceball Park
- St Louis Meadow Park
- Princess Diana Park
- Yellow Park
[edit] Wards, neighbourhoods, and suburbs
- Bretch Hill (4)
- Calthorpe (8)
- Cherwell Heights (9)
- College Fields (construction proposed, despite large local opposition) (Position on map proposed to be South and East of 9.)
- Easington (7)
- Grimsbury (11)
- Hardwick (1)
- Hanwell Fields
- Neithrop (3)
- Poet's Corner (5)
- Ruscote (2)
- Timms Estate
- Queensway (6)
- Banbury Town Centre (12)
[edit] Other areas
- Oxford and Cherwell Valley College (A)
- People's Park (B)
- Beaumont Industrial Estate (C)
- Southam Road Industrial Estate (D)
- Grimsbury Reservoir (E)
- Spiceball Park (F)
- Wildmere Industrial Estate (G)
- Overthorpe Industrial Estate (H)
- Tramway Industrial Estate (I)
[edit] Local sport
- Rugby
Banbury has a thriving sporting culture and is home to many teams who play at both local and national levels. Banbury Rugby Union Football Club play at Bodicote Park, in Bodicote. Banbury Cricket Club also has its homeground in Bodicote, at White Post Road Pavillion.
- Football
Banbury is also home to a football team known formally as Banbury United F.C. who play at the Spencer Stadium located within Banbury, and informally as The Puritans, a reminder of Banbury's strong historical link to Puritanism.
- Golf
Banbury Golf Club is situated five miles south of Banbury on the B4100 at Adderbury and under 15 minutes from Junction 10 of the M40. Opened in 1993, it now has 3 separate 9-hole loops.
- Cricket
Re-formed in 1949 Banbury Cricket Club has developed into the leading club side in Oxfordshire, winning the inaugural Home Counties Premier League in 2000.
The club runs several sides of varying age groups and abilities with four Saturday sides. The First XI play in the ECB Home Counties Premier League, the highest standard of club cricket. The Second, Third and Fourth XI play in the Cherwell League competing against other club sides in the county. The club also manages a Sunday side, which competes in ECB National Club Championship, which has seen the club, reach the last 16 in recent years. A midweek side play in the Brackley & District Midweek League a 20 over competition on Wednesday evenings throughout the summer.
Banbury Cricket Club also has a comprehensive youth set up coached by qualified coaches including club professional and Director of Cricket, Paul Taylor (Northants & England) offering cricket at under 11, 13, 15, 17 levels. Several of the players from the youth set up have gone on to represent their counties at their age group and the club has now seen a few of these youth players go on to play in the clubs First XI. The club has also been the breeding for some of this talent to go onto play senior county cricket at Minor Counties and First Class level.
Many of these sporting clubs have close ties with local schools, encouraging children of all abilities to participate. Blessed George Napier RC Secondary School in Banbury was recently granted specialist status as a sports college.
[edit] Famous residents
- Anthony Burgess, the celebrated novelist, taught at the now-defunct Banbury Grammar School for several years during the 1950s.
- Lancelot Holland, the admiral who lost his life in HMS Hood in 1941 commanding the fleet which engaged the German battleship, Bismarck, grew up in the Banbury area.
- Gordon Ramsay went to local secondary school Drayton in Banbury.
- Larry Grayson was born in Banbury but grew up in Nuneaton.
- The former Prime Minister Lord North was also the MP for Banbury.
- Richie Hawtin – better known as Plastikman – was born in the town in 1970.
- John Brooke-Little was a former officer of arms who lived in Banbury at the end of his life.
- Dermot Gallagher English football referee is a current resident.
[edit] Infamous residents
- Benjamin Geen was born in Banbury and employed as a staff nurse at the Horton General Hospital. During December 2003 and January 2004 Geen poisoned 17 patients so he could get a thrill from trying to resuscitate them. He was found guilty of two murders and 15 charges of grievous bodily harm in April 2006. Sources: the Banbury Guardian newspaper [6], BBC News [7].
- Gary Glitter, born Paul Francis Gadd, glam rock star and convicted paedophile.
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- Banbury town council
- Banbury schools website
- Banbury Cross Players
- Banbury United Football Club
- Banbury Golf Club
- Banbury Cricket Club
