Harrisburg, Illinois

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City of Harrisburg
Nickname: ""The Burg", "H-burg""
Motto: Gateway to the Shawnee National Forest
Location in the state of Illinois
Coordinates: 37.73° N 88.55° W
Country	United States
State	Illinois
County	Saline County
Founded	1853
Government
- Mayor	Ron Morse (I)
Area
- City	6.4 sq mi (16.5 km²)
- Land	6.3 sq mi (16.2 km²)
- Water	0.2 sq mi (0.4 km²)
Population (2000)
- City	9,860 (city proper)
- Density	1,580.3/sq mi (610.1/km²)
	9860 (metro area)
Time zone	CST (UTC-6)
- Summer (DST)	CST (UTC-5)
Website: City of Harrisburg

Harrisburg is a city in Saline County, Illinois, United States. The population was 9,860 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Saline County.^GR6

Harrisburg is known as the "Gateway To The Shawnee National Forest", and was made famous by the Ohio River flood of 1937, the old Crenshaw House (also known as the Old Slave House), a notorious gangster Charlie Birger, and having the once largest Kentucky Fried Chicken in America.

The town was named for James Alexander Harris. One of four men that donated land for the city to be built. The current mayor is Ron Morse.

[edit] History

Harrisburg was plotted as a village on 20 acres in 1853. It became the county seat six years later. In 1861, as it approached a population of 500, it became a town. In 1889, with a population of 1,500, Harrisburg became a city, with an aldermanic form of government. It adopted the commission form in 1915. The town was named for James Alexander Harris. One of the four men who donated land for the town to be platted.

There are few distinctly prominent surnames in Harrisburg that helped make this little town prosper during the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. A few of those names are, Pruett, Gaskins, Skaggs (Charles Skaggs, second mayor who brought electricity to Harrisburg), Mitchell, Harris, Sloan, Dorris, Feazel, and Parish. Those family names along with others such as the Grangers, McKinleys, McHaneys, Shaws, Tuttles, Barnetts, and Websters are forever commemorated within the street names and older buildings within the town. Many families within Harrisburg today carry those family names and hardly a single deed within the city changed hands without one of these families being involved.

Coal mining was one of the city's biggest industries. In 1854, the first slope coal mine began operations southeast of the community. At first, the coal was carried by wagon to area homes and businesses and used for heating. After the Civil War, coal production became an important industry in the county. The first shaft mine was sunk in 1873 or 1874. This was followed by the creation of several more shaft mines and by an influx of settlers drawn to the area to work the mines. By 1906, the county was producing more than 500,000 tons of coal annually, with more than 1,000 miners at work.^[1]

Main Street, West side of square in 1910. Notice the dirt streets, later turned brick. The Pruett Building, closest to camera, was rebuilt around the same year to a Spanish style structure with a tiled roof. It is the only building in the photograph that remains today.

Early the 1870s, Harrisburg residents raised $100,000 to pay for construction of a railroad through the city. In 1872, the Cairo & Vincennes Railroad, later the New York Central, was completed and provided the means needed to haul coal to distant markets.

Flooding along the Ohio River has plagued Harrisburg over the years. The city was flooded in 1883-1884 and again in 1913. Its most severe flood came in 1937 when much of the city, except "Crusoes's Island", was underwater. Many people were surprised that water could reach that far inland, nearly 30 miles from the river. Harrisburg was nearly wiped off the map. After that, a levee was erected north and east of the city to protect it from future floods. The levee became the unofficial northern and eastern border of the town. No businesses exist in the Saline River Middle Fork floodplanes.

Harrisburg was home to prohibition-era bootlegger Charles Birger, and for a time the gangster's prized Tommy gun was displayed in a glass case in the City Hall. In 1915 the Ringling brothers made an Appearance in Harrisburg.^[2]

Pioneer history is showcased at the Saline County Area Historical Museum on the city's southern edge. The three-acre site includes the three-story high Old Pauper Home, which was once part of the county's 170-acre poor farm. The site also features a variety of cabins, a one-room school house, a small church and other historic buildings that have been acquired, moved to the site and restored.

Old Harrisburg Post Office on Main st. Building now serves as the Harrisburg School Board headquarters.

[edit] Trivia

• In 1984, a respected local physician, Dr. John Dale Cavaness, was charged with the murder of his two sons. The case was chronicled in the book by Darcy O Brien, "Murder in Little Egypt".

• Harrisburg was home to the tallest building south of Springfield in Illinois, The Harrisburg National Bank Building, now known as the Clearwave building. For the first half of the 20th century it was called the "Harrisburg Skyscraper" by the locals.

• During the first half of the 20th century, Harrisburg was a strategic stop on the presidential campaign trail, seeing faces such as John F. Kennedy and Harry Truman during his whistlestop tour in 1948. As well as being one of the fastest growing cities south of Chicago in the state during that era. It is locally known that is was in fact at the courthouse in Harrisburg while Truman gave his speech attacking the Republicans during the 1948 Presidential election campaign that a supporter yelled out from the massive crowd, "Give 'em Hell, Harry!". Truman replied, "I don't give them Hell. I just tell the truth about them and they think it's Hell." Subsequently, "Give 'em Hell, Harry!" became a lifetime slogan for Truman supporters.

• Harrisburg was once home to the largest television tower in Illinois. The WSIL-TV tower went on the air in December, 1953 and is still one of the most prominent figures on the Harrisburg skyline.

• Harrisburg, and more specifically the Shawnee National Forest was mentioned in Steal this Book as a place for free entertainment.

[edit] Architecture

Saline County Court House 1917, Center Square, minus 1938 addition.

The Saline County courthouse and square has gone through many transformations within the past 100 years. In the 1800s the town had dirt streets with a large grand Greek Revival style court house, which was then replaced at the turn of the 20th century with a larger, grander courthouse with brick streets. A smaller version of the central clock tower of the courthouse, including the original clock was recreated in 1996, and placed in a small lot behind the Clearwave Building's parking lot.

Harrisburg has not yet begun a National Trust for Historic Preservation, Main Street historical preservation program, Saline County is within a recognized historical district, the "Ohio River Route Where Illinois Began". Only two buildings in Harrisburg are currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places, those being the City Hall and the Saline County Poor Farm.

The square itself held several business, grocery stores, and bars. During the closing of the coal mining era most of the businesses left the square and moved to the main drag of Rt. 45. Harrisburg had all brick streets at one time, but now only a few are left. Most have been replaced with pavement. The ones that are left have become town landmarks. The court house was replaced with a modern, more efficient building in the 1970s after the older court house was condemned. The brilliantly built architecture that graced Harrisburg square slowly over the years have turned to rotting older structures mixed in with a hodge-podge of newer updated buildings. Currently there are many downtown renovation projects under way on and around the square.

Besides buildings around the square, there were several mills and factories that no longer exist, such as the Woolcot mill, C.V. Parker mill, several planning mills, and saw mills, Harrisburg Ice packing plant, Coke plant, brick factory and of course the candy making factory on Jackson St.

Some notable buildings remaining on the square are listed below.

[edit] Remaining structures

The entire South side of the square still remains today, including the Myrons building.

Harrisburg square 1950. Most of the buildings in this photograph are gone today. Entire blocks have been removed for parking space and newer updated buildings.

Harrisburg square from atop WSIL TV 3 tower looking northeast toward the levee in 2007. Notice Arrow Head Point Shopping center and residential areas in the background. City development comes to an abrupt stop at the levee in the background forcing any new development to the southern and western edges of the city.

[edit] Demolished structures around public square

• 1st and 2nd Saline County Court Houses
• Grand Theater (S. Main)
• North side of Square, replaced with Old National Bank, including
  • Old Opera House
  • First National Bank
  • Saline Hotel (N. Main)
  • Baker Building
  • O.W. Seten Building
• West Side of Square, replaced with County Jail and Dispatch
  • Pearce Hotel
• First Pruett Building (built 1906) (N.W. Corner of square)
• O'gara Coal Headquarters (N. Vine)
• East Side of square, minus Clearwave Building, including
  • Saline Trust & Savings Bank (burned Down in 1923)
• West Side of Main St. (from Poplar St. to Church St.), replaced with Kerasotes Cinema 4,
  • first I.O.O.F. Builing
  • Horning Hotel (once the "pride of Harrisburg")
• North side of Poplar St. (from Main St. to Jackson St.)
• South side of Poplar St. (from Main St. to Jackson St.), including
  • Orpheum Theater
  • WSIL Tv 3 building
• Old County Jail (E. Poplar)

[edit] Geography

Harrisburg is located at 37°44′2″N, 88°32′45″W (37.733765, -88.545873).^GR1

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.5 km² (6.4 mi²). 16.2 km² (6.2 mi²) of it is land and 0.4 km² (0.1 mi²) of it (2.19%) is water.

The square in the center of town stands on top of a hill that used to be an island in the middle of natural lowlands, the middle fork of the Saline River, that flooded every spring. The locals called the island "Crusoe's Island". When the area was drained, and homes were built, it became prone to flooding for years to come.^[3]

[edit] Harrisburg districts

Harrisburg is split up into several small communities or suburbs that were at one time their own towns, but after years of Harrisburg's growth, they were connected into one town. These towns are all within the Harrisburg Township. These are the districts from north to south.

• Dorris Heights - Sits to the direct north of Harrisburg with the Dorris Heights St being the main road through the area. The Saline County Fair Grounds sits to between Dorris Heights St. and the Levee to the north. Small street heads east from Dorris Heights towards the Arrow Head Point shopping center.

• Buena Vista - Sits to the south and north of Rt. 13 (poplar st.) to the direct west of the main village. It holds the new town water tower and several homes. It is bordered by Liberty to the south.

• Harrisburg Village - Mainly most streets that surround the town square. It includes everything on Main st. north and south, and Poplar street from the levee to the east and the town park to the west. It also includes the High School, the old Junior High, West and East Side schools, the Courthouse, The town park and Cemetery to the west, and the main shopping strip on Rt. 45.

• Gaskins City - Includes a small village with a series of several crisscrosing streets that once existed to the east of the Harrisburg Levee and Rt. 45. Sloan St. crosses Rt. 45, runs directly into the heart of Gaskins City and dead ends at the Harrisburg Medical Center. It contains Gaskins City Baptist church, Shawnee Hills country club, and several very expensive homes. It used to have its own school at one time.

• Garden Heights - Just south of Gaskins city, a small area with many homes. Connects Gaskins city with Rt. 34 and Pankyville.

• Dorrisville - To the direct south of Harrisburg, Dorrisville holds the Dorrisville Babtist church, and Saline County Area Historical Museum and "Pauper Farm Crossing" which is the crossroads of Feazel Street and Rt. 45. Most people recognize Dorrisville as the first 3-4 blocks surrounding the Feazel Street and Barnett Street 4-way stop.

• Liberty - Was a smaller rural community to the far southwest of Harrisburg along Liberty Road. It includes the Liberty Church and cemetery. In 1873, designer of the Cairo and Vincennes Railroad, Gen Berry Raum of Harrisburg, Opened a slope mine on the south side of the rails near liberty. It became the first in the county to ship coal by rail-car. The Mine was called the Ledford Slope, and the spot was called Liberty Crossing. Liberty is bordered by the old mining community of Ledford 3 miles south of Harrisburg and Dorrisville to the west and Buena Vista to the north. Liberty has many housing development projects underway, and is growing quickly. Liberty holds the new Junior High building.

• Ledford

See also: Ledford, Illinois- Ledford used to be a complete town unto itself, it was the home of Charles Birger, and had several stores, its own school system, and a post office. Ledford was a Coal mining community set up by mostly Hungarians during the 19th century. It holds a large cemetery, a historic and rumored haunted Hungarian Cemetery, and the Ledford Baptist Church. Ledford spreads across a 4 mile stretch of land along Rt. 45 between Carrier Mills and Harrisburg with several roads shooting off to the left and right of the highway. It is all considered "Ledford".

[edit] Saline County Interurban Line

Harrisburg was the center of a bustling interurban trolley line, much similar to San Francisco, that ran from downtown Eldorado, into Muddy, Wasson, Beulah Heights, through dowtown Harrisburg, Dorrisville, Ledford and into downtown Carrier Mills. It was an off branch of the Cairo- Vinceness Railway. The line was established and operated by the Southern Illinois Railway and Power Company, which erected the first electrical generating plant in Muddy, IL.

It was sold, before its abandonment, to the Central Illinois Public Service Company. The interurban line lasted from 1913 to 1933 when it was abandoned. It lasted only 20 years, but was the main mode of transportation between the three largest towns in the county for many miners and the general public. The automobile quickly replaced the street car as the major mode of transportation in 1910. Soon the construction of hard roads was conducted in the early 1920s. This was death to the Interurban line and eventually the entire Railroad itself. The Cairo-Vinceness Railway system was taken up in the 1980s and replaced by a bike trail in 1996. In central Illinois a vast interurban network went from St. Louis, Missouri to the state capital of Springfield, up to Peoria and eastward to Decatur, Danville and Champaign-Urbana; this system was very similar. Many interurban lines sprawled across the country during that time connecting small towns and major cities with cheap transportation. Ohio and Indiana had the largest amount of tracks than any other states.

After the decommission of the Interurban line in 1933, Harrisburg opened the Harrisburg-Dorrisville Bus Co., which was a private predecessor bus company to the current Rides Mass Transit District which was opened in 1980.^[4]

Old W.H Thompson Building on Main St. Built in 1924 or 1925 by Willis H. and Anna G. Thompson to house their clothing business and provide apartment rental income. The Grand Theater used to sit in the empty parking-lot. It was razed in the 1970s.^[5]

[edit] Commerce, business and industry

Harrisburg is, not only the seat, but the commercial hub of Saline County. It holds the nearest shopping centers, restaurants, banks, and other commerce within miles. Harrisburg holds the county's only Wal-mart, soon to be Super-Wal-mart, and several grocery stores.

The Harrisburg-Raleigh Airport is located approximately four miles north of Harrisburg on Highway 34. The Harrisburg-Raleigh Airport Authority operates the airport. The Airport has two runways—32/14 and 6/24. Runway 24 includes a new, 1,000 foot extension, bringing the runway to 5,000 feet, and a GPS-RNAV approach.^[6]

Harrisburg square circa 1950.

Harrisburg is home of the once largest Kentucky Fried Chicken in America and holds the only movie theater in three counties, Harrisburg Kerasotes Cinema 4. As of 2006, there is a growing sense of industry in the town as new four-lane highways are built and old coal mining money is replaced with newer business. Harrisburg at one time was home to several mills and factories as well to hold a very healthy population during the first half of the 20th century. Virtually all have been nearly erased from memory. Most people in town don't even know where the factories were.

There are seven sets of stop lights along the main highways through town, Routes 45 and 13. The nearest big town is the ever growing small city of Marion, Illinois and over time Harrisburg is being compounded into the Metro-Lakeland area. The Metro Lakeland area and is located 88 air miles (120 miles by interstate) southeast of St. Louis, MO at the intersection of Interstate 57, Interstate 24, and Illinois Route 13, a main east-west 4-lane expressway connecting the major communities of Murphysboro, Carbondale, Carterville, Herrin, Marion, and Harrisburg, IL. Although the Williamson County population is only 61,296, it is located in the heart of the Metro Lakeland area of Jackson-Williamson Counties where 120,000 citizens of Illinois make their home. Carbondale (14 miles west), Herrin and Marion, IL are the key urban areas in Metro Lakeland with a combined population of over 57,000. Over 235,000 people live within 35 miles.^[7]

Harrisburg has one television station licensed directly to the city; WSIL-TV. Broadcasting on channel 3, it is the ABC affiliate for a wide area of southern Illinois, western Kentucky and southeastern Missouri. The station's studios reside in nearby Carterville.

The major employers in Harrisburg are as of 2007 are, American Coal Corporation, Nationwide Glove, Illinois Youth Center, ARCLAR Coal, Southern Truss, Harrisburg Medical Center, Harrisburg Truss, and Harrisburg School District Unit3.^[8] The City encourages expansion or relocation of business by providing infrastructure needs, access to utilities and land acquisition at a competitive price in its TIF District, in the northern corner of the community off Route 45 on Veterns Dr. and Small st.. The City received a $375,900 EDA Public works Project grant for infrastructure developed in the Small Street area, and a $161,100 from the TIF Redevelopment Fund.^[9]

[edit] Harrisburg Wal-Mart Super Center

Illinois Department of Transportation representatives and Wal-Mart officials for the first time placed on the table the full view of a new Wal-Mart Super Center store to be built in the area southeast of the intersection of Sloan and Commercial streets, extending to state routes 34 and 145.

The new store, expected to be ready to open in mid-summer 2008, will be huge — 204,000 square feet of floor space, about the same size as the massive store that opened in Marion. They are pushing for a larger size, which will make the store one of the, if not the biggest Wal-Mart Store in the world.

Added to the store will be four Wal-Mart-developed outlots for other businesses. Each of the outlots will be from just under an acre to about an acre and a quarter in size.

The new store will have parking for about 1,000 cars. IDOT has a large role in what will come along with a new store, about $6.7 million in highway and other off-site infrastructure improvements.The state Department of Transportation will pay $3.3 million of the cost of off-site infrastructure and Wal-Mart will pay $2.4 million.

The grant, along with city money fronted by Wal-Mart, will allow part of Sloan Street to be widened to three lanes prior to the Wal-Mart opening. State routes 34 and 145 will be widened at the area of the project and traffic control signals will be put up at the U.S. Route 45 intersection. The city will be constructing a public road access to the Wal-Mart complex, a snake-like road from Sloan Street east of the Reed Funeral Chapel, past the new store and parking lot to a connection with state routes 34 and 145. There also will be an exit from the new road to U.S. Route 45. The highway work will include the widening of U.S. Route 45 from Church street to the intersection with state routes 34-145 to a full five lanes.^[10]

Shawnee National Forest

[edit] Gateway to the Shawnee National Forest

More than 270,000 acres (1100 km²) of Shawnee National Forest lie to the south of Harrisburg, drawing thousands of visitors annually to the Saline County area and the gateway community. The Shawnee National Forest offers much to see and do. The national forest has 1,250 miles of roadways, some 150 miles of streams and frequent waterfalls, numerous ponds and lakes as large as 2,700 acres (11 km²) (some with swimming beaches), 13 campgrounds, many picnicking sites, and seven wilderness areas where trails are designed for hiking and horseback riding.^[11]

[edit] Outdoor activities

Hiking:

There are many great places to hike among interesting rock formations, including Stone Face, south of Harrisburg on Illinois Route 34; Garden of the Gods and Bell Smith Springs, south of Harrisburg off US Route 45.

Bicycling:

The Tunnel Hill State Trail is a rails-to-trails project that runs for 45 miles from Harrisburg to Karnak, Illinois. It includes a stretch through an old railway tunnel and over a towering trestle.

Fishing:

Saline County State Fish and Wildlife Area, east of Harrisburg off Illinois Route 13, is home to Glen O. Jones Lake.

Tourism:

Shawnee National Forest, Shawnee Tourism

[edit] Demographics

As of the census^GR2 of 2000, there were 9,860 people, 4,093 households, and 2,496 families residing in the city. The population density was 610.1/km² (1,580.3/mi²). There were 4,570 housing units at an average density of 282.8/km² (732.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.65% White, 6.93% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 0.55% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.46% of the population.

There were 4,093 households out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were non-families. 35.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the city the population was spread out with 25.0% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,507, and the median income for a family was $35,667. Males had a median income of $29,086 versus $19,013 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,005. About 10.1% of families and 13.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.

[edit] Harrisburg notables

• John Romonosky (St. Louis Cardinals and Washington Senators baseball player of the 50's)
• Charlie Birger (notorious ganster)
• Chuck Hunsinger (Chicago Bears football player in the 1950s notorious for fumbling a ball in the 1954 Canadian Football League Grey Cup)

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Harrisburg Official Website
• Harrisburg Daily Register Online
• Harrisburg Public Library District
• Harrisburg Community Unit 3 School District
• Southeastern Illinois College
• Saline County Chamber of Commerce
• Southeastern Illinois Regional Planning and Development Council
• Harrisburg Medical Center
• Penny Postcards of Harrisburg's past.
• WSIL TV-3.
• New Country Z100.

• Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: 37.733765° -88.545873°
  • Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
  • Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
  • Topographic map from TopoZone
  • Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA

	Municipalities and Communities of Saline County, Illinois (County Seat: Harrisburg)
Cities, Towns and Villages	Andersonville | Apple Tree | Banklick | Bankston | Barnum | Battlesford | Beulah Heights | Big Muddy | Blackman Hill | Bolton | Brooklyn | Brushy | Carrier Mills | Cave Hill | College Park | Cookseyville | Cornersville | Cottage Grove | Crap Hat | Crawford | Crusoe's Island | Curran | Dallasanie | Delta | Derby | Dooley Station | Dorrisville | Douglas | Eagle Mountain | Eagle Valley | Eagle | East Eldorado | Eldorado | Flint Hill | Francis Mills | Galatia | Garris Ridge | Gaskins City | Grayson | Haley's Hill | Halltown | Hamburg | Harco | Harrisburg | Hartford | Hawkeye | Highland Park | Horseshoe | Hull | Independence | Ingram Hill | L'Aigle | Lakeview | Ledford | Ledford | Little Italy | Little Ridge | Little Saline Grove | Long Branch | Mountain | Mt. Airy | Muddy | New Castle | New Hope | North Galatia | Old Stonefort | Old Town | Pankeyville | Pick | Prospect Hill | Raleigh | Rathbone Station | Rector | Red Bank | Red Bud | Rileyville | Rudement | Saline City | Somerset | South America | Stonefort | Tanner | Tate | Texas City | Texas Station | Texas | Tison | Wasson | West End | West Harrisburg | Whiteside | Whitesville
Townships	Brushy | Carrier Mills | Cottage | East Eldorado | Galatia | Harrisburg | Independence | Long Branch | Mountain | Raleigh | Rector | Stone Fort | Tate

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