Hermann Kutter
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Hermann Kutter (September 12, 1863 - March 31, 1931) was a Swiss Lutheran theologian. Together with Leonhard Ragaz, he was one of the founders of Christian Socialism in Switzerland. He was heavily influenced by Christoph Blumhardt. He combined Blumhardt's expectation of a coming Kingdom of God with a belief in socialist progress. He saw Social Democracy as a "tool" of the living God, and its followers as unwitting servants of God. He authored 11 books.
[edit] Biography
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Kutter was born at Bern, the son of Wilhelm Rudolf Kutter (1818-1888), an engineer, and Marie Albertina König (1833-1923). He married Lydia Rohner (1868-1936) in 1892. He grew up in a pietistic home and studied theology in Basel, Bern, and Berlin. In 1844 he became a pastor in Vinelz (Bielersee), 1898 in Zürich (Neumünster).
[edit] Philosophy
Under the impression of a combination of the Christian expectation of the Kingdom of God, the life philosophies of the time, and the socialistic faith in the future of the younger Blumhardt, as well as the philosophy of German idealism, Kutter reached a dynamic view of God: God, who through Christ penetrates humankind and the world in eternal reality is the only reality of life. With this theo-centric theology Kutter paved the way for so-called “dialectic theology” (Karl Barth, Emil Brunner, Eduward Thurneysen). For Kutter, the return to “direct life” is completed in the history of humankind; socialism is a sign of this. But for Kutter this return to the direct is at the same time the meaning and goal of Christendom. For him, social democrats are instruments of the living God; “they must” proclaim to the world the judgment and the great turning point in their service to God, without realizing it themselves. Nonetheless, Kutter never joined the Social Democratic Party (as Leonhard Ragaz and Karl Barth did); neither did he identify the gospel with socialism.
