Hia C-ed O'odham
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The Hia C-ed O'odham ("Sand People"), sometimes also known in English as the "Sand Papago" or "Sand Pimas", are a Native American peoples whose traditional homeland lies in the Tinajas Altas Mountains (O'odham: Uʼuva:k or Uʼuv Oopad) near the town of Ajo, Arizona, much of which is now the Cabeza Prieta NWR or adjacent land in Mexico. They are currently unrecognized at both the state and federal level, although the Tohono O'odham Nation has a committee for issues related to them and has land near Ajo held in trust for them. The majority of Hia C-ed O'odham today live in or around Ajo, Arizona, as most of their homeland is restricted-access federal land.
They are often compared to the Akimel O'odham (Pima), Tohono O'odham, and the vanished Forest Pima, to whom they are closely related:
| Hia C-ed O'odham | Tohono O'odham | Akimel O'odham | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional homeland | From the Gulf of California to the Tinajas Altas Mountains | Desert south of the Gila River | Land north of the Gila River |
| Meaning of endonym | Sand People | Desert People | River People |
| Habitation patterns | Nomadic ("no-villagers") | Separate winter and summer residences ("two-villagers") | Perennial habitation on rancherías ("one-villagers") |
| Prevalence of agriculture [1] | Nearly 100% hunting and gathering | 75% hunting and gathering, 25% agricultural | 40% hunting and gathering, 60% agricultural |
| Name for "The Man in the Maze" | Iʼithi | Iʼitoi | Iʼitoi, Se:he |
[edit] Bibliography
Griffin-Pierce, Trudy. 2000. Native Peoples of the Southwest. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
