James Challis
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James Challis (December 12, 1803 – December 3, 1882) was a British clergyman and astronomer. He was born in Braintree, Essex and died in Cambridge. He was Plumian Professor for 46 years from 1836 to his death and director of the Cambridge Observatory at the University of Cambridge from 1836 until 1861, at which time he was succeeded by John Couch Adams.
In 1846, John Herschel finally persuaded him to join in the search for an eighth planet in the solar system. Cambridge mathematician John Couch Adams had predicted the location of such a planet as early as 1843, based on irregularities in the orbit of Uranus. Adams failed to promote his prediction successfully and there was little enthusiasm for a systematic search of the heavens until Herschel's intervention. Challis finally began his, somewhat reluctant, search in July 1846, unaware that Frenchman Urbain Le Verrier had independently made an identical prediction. German astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle, assisted by Heinrich Louis d'Arrest, finally confirmed Le Verrier's prediction on September 23. The planet was named Neptune. It soon became apparent from Challis's notebooks that he had observed Neptune twice, a month earlier, failing to make the identification through lack of diligence.
The distributed.net UK team, originally Cambridge University and CIX based, is named "Prof. James Challis' Most Excellent UK Team" in his honour.
Lunar crater Challis is named after him.
[edit] External link
[edit] Bibliography
- Standage, T (2000) The Neptune File: Planet Detectives and the Discovery of Worlds Unseen ISBN 0-7139-9472-X
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