Karolos Papoulias
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| Dr. Karolos Papoulias Greek: Κάρολος Παπούλιας |
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| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office March 12, 2005 |
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| Preceded by | Costis Stephanopoulos |
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| Succeeded by | Incumbent |
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7th Minister for Foreign Affairs
15th Minister of Foreign Affairs |
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| In office July 26, 1985 – July 2, 1989 October 13, 1993 – January 2, 1996 |
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| Preceded by | Ioannis Charalambopoulos (1985) Michalis Papakonstantinou (1993) |
| Succeeded by | Tzannis Tzannetakis (1989) Theodoros Pangalos (1996) |
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| Born | June 4, 1929 (age 77) Ioannina, Greece |
| Political party | Panhellenic Socialist Movement |
| Spouse | Maria Panou |
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Dr Karolos Papoulias (Greek: Κάρολος Παπούλιας, IPA /ˈkaro̞ˌlo̞s paˈpuʎas/) (born June 4, 1929) is the current President of Greece. He is a former government minister and member of parliament.
Papoulias was born in the city of Ioannina. He studied law at the University of Athens and the University of Munich, has a doctorate in private international law from the University of Cologne, and is an associate of the Munich Institute for Southeast Europe. Apart from his native Greek, he also speaks German, Italian and French.
Papoulias was active in the resistance against the occupation forces during World War II, and took part in the struggle against the military regime of George Papadopoulos as a member of the Socialist Democratic Union, from his exile outside Greece. He was also a regular contributor to the Deutsche Welle programme in Greek during the same period.
A founding member of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) and close associate of Andreas Papandreou, Papoulias was elected to the Greek Parliament from Ioannina in the legislative elections of 1977, 1981, 1985, 1989 (June and November), 1990, 1993, 1996 and 2000. He was a member of the PASOK Central Committee, Executive Bureau Political Secretariat.
He served in many offices, including:
- Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs, from October 21, 1981 to February 8, 1984.
- Alternate Minister for Foreign Affairs, from February 8, 1984 to 5 June 1985 and again from 5 June 1985 to July 26, 1985.
- Minister for Foreign Affairs, from July 26, 1985 to July 2, 1989.
- Alternate Minister for National Defence, from November 23, 1989 to February 13, 1990.
- Minister for Foreign Affairs, from October 13, 1993 to January 22, 1996.
A former track and field and volley ball champion, Papoulias has been chairman of the National Sports Association since 1985. Karolos Papoulias is married to Maria Panou and has three daughters.
On December 12, 2004, Prime Minister Costas Karamanlis, leader of the New Democracy governing party, and George Papandreou, leader of the PASOK opposition, nominated Papoulias as for the position of President, which is chosen by the Parliament. On February 8, 2005, he was elected by an overwhelming parliamentary majority of 279 votes to serve a five-year term. On March 12, 2005 he was sworn in as President.
[edit] Political career
The 1967 military coup found him in Western Germany. He was among the founders of the Socialist Democratic Union which organized and mobilized Greeks working and studying in Western Europe against the colonel's junta. He was also a founding member of the first trade union resistance organization and broadcast regularly from Deutsche Welle radio.
Since December 1974 he has been continually elected to the PASOK Central Committee. He was also member of the Coordination Council, the Executive Bureau and the Political Secretariat, as well as Secretary of the PASOK International Re1ations Committee from April 1975 to 1985. For a number of years he was also a member of the Coordinating Committee of the Socialist and Progressive Parties of the Mediterranean. He was first elected to Parliament in 1977 and represented Ioannina continuously until the 2004 election.
From 1981 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1996, during the Andreas Papandreou governments, he was undersecretary, Deputy Minister and finally Minister for Foreign Affairs. During the Xenophon Zolotas all party government he was Deputy Minister of Defence.
In the Costas Simitis administration he was for a number of years Chairman of the Standing Committee on Defence and Foreign Affairs of the Hellenic Parliament.
During his long career as a Minister, he identified himself with a foreign policy that was clearsighted and comprehensive. In the 80's he played a key role in trying to bring about a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This culminated in the successful mediation for the safe departure of the trapped Palestinian resistance fighters and Arafat himself from Lebanon, on board Greek vessels in 1983.
He paid particular attention to the creation of sound relations with the Arab world and achieved, among other things, the normalisation of relations between Greece and Egypt and the establishment of the tripartite cooperation of Iran, Armenia and Greece. He held talks with a total of 12 Turkish Foreign Ministers and was firmly committed to the continuous and difficult effort to normalize Greco-Turkish relations. This culminated in the signing of the Papoulias-Yilmaz memorandum in 1988.
He supported Turkey's European aspirations conditional on their respect for international law and European Union values.
In the period 1993-1996 and particularly at the crucial Essen Summit he played an important role in starting accession talks between the Republic of Cyprus and the European Union.
As president-in-office of the European Union and member of the contact group for the former Yugoslavia, together with Warren Christopher, Klaus Kinkel, Alain Juppe, Andrei Kosyrev and Hans Van Der Brook, he spared no effort to bring about a resolution of the crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. He signed the Interim Agreement with the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), aiming at the establishment of better relations between the two countries. He has always kept channels of communication open with all Balkan leaders and has repeatedly mediated on behalf of the EU.
He was very interested in relations between Greece and the Balkan states and it was upon his initiative that the first meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the Balkans was organized in Belgrade in 1988. There, he began talks with Bulgaria and the then Soviet Union on the Burgas-Alexandroupolis oil pipeline.
He was responsible for the signing of the protocol of mutual civil and military assistance with Bulgaria in the 1980s. He restored friendly and neighbourly relations with Albania by ending the state of war between the two countries.
Karolos Papoulias has always been very supportive of any step towards detente, peace and disarmament e.g. the "Initiative of the Six" for peace and disarmament, the participation of Greece in the Conference on Disarmament and Peace in Europe and in the Conference for the Abolition of Chemical Weapons, his proposals to create a nuclear-free zone in the Balkans and the promotion of the idea of making the Mediterranean a sea of peace and cooperation. The JANNINA 1 tripartite cooperation conference, between Greece, Bulgaria and Romania, was his idea and he was a strong supporter of the Black Sea Conference, which he also chaired. With his visit to Washington in 1985 and the return visit of Secretary of State George Shultz, he made an important contribution to the redefining and improvement of Greek-American relations which had gone through a delicate phase during the previous years.
He is a founding member and, was until recently the president, of the Association for the Greek Linguistic Heritage.
He speaks German, French and Italian.
He was Greek pole-vault champion, member of the national volley-ball team and president for twenty five years of the historic Ethnikos athletic union.
| Preceded by Ioannis Charalambopoulos |
Minister for Foreign Affairs 1985–1989 |
Succeeded by Tzannis Tzannetakis |
| Preceded by Michalis Papakonstantinou |
Minister for Foreign Affairs 1993–1996 |
Succeeded by Theodoros Pangalos |
| Preceded by Costis Stephanopoulos |
President of Greece 2005 – present |
Incumbent |
| Heads of State of Greece |
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 First Period of Monarchy (1832–1924): Otto | George I | Constantine I | Alexander | Constantine I | George II
Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935): Pavlos Kountouriotis | Theodoros Pangalos† | Pavlos Kountouriotis | Alexandros Zaimis
Second Period of Monarchy (1935–1974): George II | Paul | Constantine II
 During the 1967-1974 junta, Greece was de facto led by Georgios Zoitakis† | Georgios Papadopoulos† | Phaedon Gizikis†
Third Hellenic Republic (1974–): Phaedon Gizikis | Michail Stasinopoulos | Konstantinos Tsatsos | Constantine Karamanlis | Ioannis Alevras | Christos Sartzetakis | Constantine Karamanlis | Costis Stephanopoulos | Karolos Papoulias†denotes military dictator |
