List of British Jewish scientists
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List of British Jewish scientists is a list that includes scientists from the United Kingdom and its predecessor states who are or were Jewish or of Jewish descent.
| List of Jews by country |
| Europe |
| Eastern Europe | North Europe |
| South-East Europe |
| West Europe |
| Americas |
| Latin America | Caribbean |
| Canada | United States |
| Rest of World |
| Oceania | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Arab World | Asia | Israel* |
| (*most are Jewish) |
Contents |
[edit] Physicists
- Petrus Alphonsi, Spanish-born astronomer and doctor [1]
- Edward Neville da Costa Andrade (JYB 1977 p207)
- Sir Michael Berry [4], mathematical physicist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Moses Blackman (JYB 1977 p207)
- David Bohm,[2] physicist, philosopher
- Sir Hermann Bondi [5], Austrian-born British cosmologist
- Max Born [6], [7], physicist, Nobel Prize 1954 (converted to Lutheranism) (JYB 2000 p212 - list of Jewish Nobel Prizewinners)
- Samuel Devons, physicist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Cyril Domb [8], physicist, President of Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists
- Paul Eisler [9] [10], inventor of printed circuit board
- Michael Fisher [11]
- Otto Robert Frisch [12] (JYB 1980 p182)
- Herbert Frohlich (JYB 1990 p201)
- Dennis Gabor [13] [14] Nobel Prize for Physics 1971; British.
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "In 1946 Dennis Gabor became a naturalized British citizen."
- Jeffrey Goldstone (JYB 2005 p214)
- Ian Grant (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Peter Hirsch, physicist (JYB 2005 p213, 214)
- Herbert Huppert, 1987 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Brian David Josephson [15], physicist, Nobel Prize (1973)
- George Kalmus, 1988 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Andrew Keller [16]
- Olga Kennard, crystallographer 1987 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Rudolf Kompfner [3], invented traveling wave tube
- Hans Kronberger (physicist)[4], nuclear physicist
- Nicholas Kurti [17], physicist, Vice-President of the Royal Society 1965-67. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:
- "study at the university was open to him, despite being a Jew ... Kurti became a naturalized British citizen just before the outbreak of the Second World War"
- Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell [18], physicist and politician
- Henry Lipson (JYB 1990 p201)
- Sir Ben Lockspeiser (JYB 1990 p201)
- Stanley Mandelstam (JYB 2005 p214)
- Kurt Mendelssohn (Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:492)
- Leon Mestel, astronomer (Who's Who entry & JYB 2000 p211)
- F.R. Nunes Nabarro (JYB 2005 p214)
- Rudolf Peierls (JYB 1995 p193)
- Michael Pepper (JYB 2005 p214)
- Douglas Ross [19]
- Sir Joseph Rotblat [20], physicist, Nobel Peace Prize (1995)
- Arthur Schuster (Encyclopedia Judaica, 14:1012]]
- Dennis Sciama, FRS [21], cosmologist
- David Shoenberg, physics of low temperatures (JYB 1995 p193)
- Sir Francis Simon, 1941 (Encyclopedia Judaica, 14:1578)
- David Tabor (JYB 2005 p214)
- Samuel Tolansky, spectroscopist
- Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "son of Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants"
- Felix Weinberg (JYB 2005 p214)
- Michael Woolfson, crystallographer, computer simulation 1984 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Alec David Young, aero-engineer (JYB 2005 p214)
- John Ziman [22]
[edit] Chemists
- Herbert Brown, chemist (JYB 2005 p215) Born in London - see refs in article
- Sir Arnold Burgen (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Roy Calne (JYB 2005 p214)
- Jack David Dunitz [23], chemist
- Martin Fleischmann [5], chemist
- Rosalind Franklin [24], physical chemist and crystalographer, helped to discover structure of DNA
- Eugen Glueckauf (JYB 1980 p182)
- Sir Ian Heilbron (Encyclopedia Judaica 8:262)
- Walter Heitler [25]
- Sir Aaron Klug [26], physicist & chemist, Nobel Prize (1982) (JYB 2000 p211-2)
- Harold Kroto [27], discoverer of buckminsterfullerene, Nobel Prize (1996) (Jewish father; raised Jewish)
- Raphael Meldola (Encyclopaedia Judaica 11:1290)
- Alfred Mond, chemist 1928 (Encyclopaedia Judaica 4:1298, 12:241)
- Ludwig Mond [28], chemist & industrialist
- Sir Robert Mond, chemist and archaeologist (Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Mond)
- Albert Neuberger [29], chemical pathologist
- father of Prof. James Neuberger, Lord Justice Sir David Neuberger and Prof. Michael Neuberger, and father-in-law of Julia Neuberger
- Friedrich Paneth (Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:54)
- Sir Max Perutz [30], molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (1962)
- Michael Polanyi [31], chemist; naturalised British 1939 (Dictionary of National Biography)
- Ralph Raphael (JYB 1995 p193)
- Michael Rossmann [32]
- Anthony Segal, 1998 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Franz Sondheimer, organic chemist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Michael Szwarc, polymer chemistry (Encyclopedia Judaica, 15:670]]
- Chaim Weizmann [6], chemist; 1st president of Israel
[edit] Biologists
- Saul Adler (JYB 1960 p216)
- Ephraim Anderson [33], microbiologist
- Charlotte Auerbach (JYB 1977 p207)
- Walter Bodmer [34], geneticist
- Gustav Victor Rudolf Born [35], Professor of Pharmacology
- Sydney Brenner [36], molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (2002)
- Leslie Brent: TimesAd
- Edith Bülbring,[7] pharmacologist (Jewish mother)
- Sir Ernst Chain [37], co-developer of penicillin, Nobel Prize (1945)
- Sir Philip Cohen [38], biologist
- Sydney Cohen, pathologist (JYB 2005 p214, 230)
- Emanuel Mendes da Costa [39], 18th century botanist
- Julius Dreschfeld [8], medical researcher
- Raymond Dwek, biologist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Michael Epstein, co-discoverer of the Epstein-Barr virus (JYB 2005 p214)
- Wilhelm Feldberg (JYB 1977 p207) biologist
- Sir Alan Fersht [40], protein folding
- Sir Otto Frankel, geneticist[9]
- Ian Glynn (JYB 2005 p214)
- Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield [41], neuroscientist and writer (Jewish father)
- Hans Gruneberg (JYB 1967 p208) biologist
- Sir Ludwig Guttmann[10], neurologist
- Sir Henry Harris (Encyclopedia Judaica 4:138]])
- Sir Gabriel Horn (JYB 2005 p214)
- Alick Isaacs [42] [43], virologist, interferon
- David Ish-Horowicz, 2002 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Bernard Katz [44], biophysicist, Nobel Prize (1970)
- David Keilin [45], entomologist
- Sir Hans Kornberg, 1965 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Hans Kosterlitz [46]
- Sir Hans Adolf Krebs [47], biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)
- Sir John Krebs [11], zoologist
- Roland Levinsky [12], biologist
- Michael Levitt [48]
- Hans Lissmann (JYB 1995 p193)
- Joel Mandelstam (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Michael Marmot, epidemiologist (JYB 2005 213)
- César Milstein [49], immunologist, Nobel Prize (1984)
- Leslie Orgel [50], evolutionary biologist
- Guido Pontecorvo, 1955 (JYB 1995 p193)
- Juda Quastel [51]
- Ivan Roitt, immunologist 1983 (JYB 2005 p214) (JYB 2000 p211)
- Steven Rose [52], biologist
- Sir Martin Roth, psychiatrist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild [53], entomologist
- Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild 1953 (JYB 1990 p199,202,259)
- Oliver Sacks [54], neurologist and author
- Isaac de Sequeira Samuda [55] (first Jewish FRS; elected 1727)
- John Vane [56], pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1982) (Jewish father)
- Lawrence Weiskrantz, psychologist (JYB 2005 p214)
- Robert Winston, Baron Winston [57], fertility expert and broadcaster
- Lewis Wolpert [58], developmental biologist and broadcaster
- Lord Solly Zuckerman, anatomist, evolutionist (JYB 1965 p214)
[edit] Mathematicians and statisticians
- Abraham Manie Adelstein [13], statistician
- Hertha Ayrton [14], mathematician and engineer
- Laurence Baxter, statistician[15]
- Michael Baxter, statistician[16]
- Abram Besicovitch [59], Russian-born British mathematician (karaite)
- Selig Brodetsky [60], mathematician and President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews
- "These include the papers of Anglo-Jewish leaders, such as Selig Brodetsky"
- Jacob Bronowski [61], mathematician & broadcaster
- H.E. Daniels [17], statistician
- Philip Dawid [62], statistician
- Arthur Erdelyi [63], mathematician
- Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "became naturalised British citizen, 1947"
- John Fox, statistician
- Albrecht Frohlich [64]
- David Glass [18], demographer
- Sydney Goldstein [65], expert on fluid mechanics
- Benjamin Gompertz [66], mathematician
- Eugene Grebenik [67], demographer
- Steven Haberman [68], professor of actuarial science
- John Hajnal, demographer (JYB 2005 p215)
- Hans Heilbronn (JYB 1977, p207)
- Thomas Körner, mathematician [19]
- Ruth Lawrence [69], mathematician & child prodigy
- Kurt Mahler, mathematician (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Claus Moser [70], statistician
- Louis Mordell [71], number theorist
- Bernhard Neumann, 1959 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Richard Rado [72], mathematician
- Klaus Roth [73], mathematician, Fields Medal (1958)
- Bernard Silverman, statistician [74]
- David Spiegelhalter, statistician (JYB 2007 p.198)
- James Joseph Sylvester [75], mathematician
[edit] Computer scientists
- Samson Abramsky, computer scientist (JYB 2007 p.198)
- David Deutsch [76], quantum computing pioneer
- I.J. Good [77], cryptographer, philosopher of statistics & computing pioneer
- David Levy [78], computer chess expert
- Leo Marks [79], cryptographer & screenwriter
- Max Newman [80], mathematician & computing pioneer (Jewish father)
- Gordon Plotkin [81], computer scientist
- Leslie Valiant [82], computer scientist parallel computation
[edit] Social scientists
- Roy Clive Abraham [20], linguist
- Michael Balint [83], psychoanalyst (converted to Unitarianism)
- Zygmunt Bauman [84], sociologist
- Basil Bernstein [85], linguist
- Vernon Bogdanor, professor of politics (JYB 2005 pp215,223)
- Georgina Born, anthropologist (daughter of Gustav Victor Rudolf Born)
- Gerald Cohen, Professor of Social and Political Theory (JYB 2005 p215)
- Norbert Elias[21], sociologist
- Herman Finer [22], political scientist
- Samuel Finer [23], political scientist
- Sir Moses I. Finley [24], historian and sociologist
- Meyer Fortes, anthropologist (JYB 1980 p183)
- Eduard Fraenkel, philologist [25]
- Anna Freud [86], child psychoanalyst
- Norman Geras [87], professor of Government
- "You are a Jewish, Zimbabwean, Mancunian philosopher... I have lived in Manchester more than half my life and am very much at home here."
- Morris Ginsberg [88]
- Max Gluckman, anthropologist (JYB 1975 p213)
- Theodor Goldstücker [26], orientalist
- Jean Gottmann [27], professor of geography, Oxford University
- Julius Gould, sociologist (JYB 2005 p249)
- Paul Hirst [89], social theorist (Jewish mother)
- Marie Jahoda [90], psychology of discrimination
- Melanie Klein [91], psychotherapist
- Geoffrey Lewis Lewis, professor of Turkish (JYB 2005 p215)
- Steven Lukes, political scientist (JYB 2005 p215)
- Ashley Montagu [92], anthropologist & humanist
- Isaac Schapera, anthropologist (JYB 2005 p215)
- Edward Ullendorff, linguist (JYB 2005 p215)
[edit] References
- JYB = Jewish Year Book
- TimesAd: The Times, 6/7/06 p34: "A Call by Jews in Britain" (advert signed by 300 British Jews)
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, art. Alfonsi, Petrus
- ^ Fred Pruyn, Infinite Potential: The Life and Times of David Bohm, on theosophy-nw.org. Accessed 13 April 2006.
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born of Jewish parents in Vienna"
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Linz, Austria, of Jewish parents"
- ^ [1]: "Birthplace: Karlsbad, Czechoslovakia ... Religion: Jewish" accessed 8 Feb 2007
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "naturalised British subject, 1910"; [2]
- ^ From web site of Amnesty: "Professor Edith Bulbring Born in Germany 1903, Jewish mother". Accessed 6 March 2007.
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Bavaria of Jewish parents"
- ^ Interview by Australian Academy of Sciences: "An Austrian Jew's entry into the British Empire"; accessed 11 November 2006.
- ^ Paralympics on Thinkquest.org refers to "Ludwig Guttman, a Jewish neurologist and refugee from Nazi Germany". Accessed 16 April 2006.
- ^ [[Jewish Chronicle], 8 January 1999, p.6: "Three Jewish knights feature among the New Year honours: ... Nichola Serota ... John Krebs ... Victor Blank."
- ^ "Driving force of city university's growth": Western Daily Press 19 July 2006: "the family is Jewish".
- ^ article in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ article in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Death notices in Jewish Chronicle, 15/11/1996 p 31; confirms Sidney Hart was his uncle
- ^ Who's Who in the World, 18th ed (2001) p.163: "Religion: Jewish"
- ^ article in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Obituary, Jewish Chronicle, Oct. 6 1978, p.32
- ^ Two Jewish parents: Stephan Körner (JYB 2005 p215) and Edith Körner
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "Elias, as a Jew, sought refuge first in Paris (1933–5), and then in London (from 1935), eventually becoming a British citizen in 1952"
- ^ [3] "Mr. Herman Finer, an Englishman, Jewish"
- ^ Jewish Chronicle obituary, June 25 1993, p.15
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed.
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "An unbaptized Jew"
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "of Jewish parentage"
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "the only child of prosperous Jewish parents"
[edit] External links
- [Jinfo]
