List of dialects of the English language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of varieties of the English language. Dialects are varieties differing in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar from each other and from Standard English (which may itself be considered a dialect).
A dialect should not be confused with an accent, which refers only to pronunciation. Thus, any educated English person can use the vocabulary and grammar of Standard English, but different speakers will speak it using their own regional accent (or "Received Pronunciation" — the accent taught in English "Public" Schools).
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[edit] International classifications
- International English or World English
- Commonwealth English
- Native American English
- North American English
- Mid-Atlantic English
- South Asian English
- East Asian English
[edit] Europe
- European English
- British English (BrE)
- England (English English (EngEng))
- Northern English
- Tees speak
- Geordie (spoken in Tyneside)
- Mackem (spoken in Sunderland)
- Pitmatic (spoken in the Northumberland coalfield)
- Durham
- Cumbrian
- Tyke (Yorkshire). Often subdivided into North, West and East Ridings.
- Lancashire
- Mancunian
- Scouse (spoken in Merseyside)
- East Midlands English
- West Midlands English
- Black Country (Yam Yam)
- Brummie (spoken in Birmingham)
- Potteries (North Staffordshire)
- Herefordshire
- Warwickshire
- Worcestershire
- East Anglian English
- Norfolk dialect (Broad Norfolk)
- Suffolk dialect
- South East England
- Estuary English
- Cockney (London)
- West Country dialects
- Northern English
- Scotland
- Wales
- Welsh English
- North East English a toned down Scouse/Manchester accent due to English population
- Pembrokeshire dialect
- England (English English (EngEng))
- Ireland
- Isle of Man
- Channel Islands
[edit] North America
- American English (AmE)
- Cultural
- African-American Vernacular English (AAVE)
- Appalachian English
- General American
- Hawaiian Pidgin English
- Chicano English
- Native American English (Amerindian English) (see also subtypes below)
- Pennsylvania Dutchified English
- Yinglish
- Regional
- Northeastern dialects
- Mid-Atlantic dialects
- Tidewater accent
- Virginia Piedmont
- Virginia Tidewater [1]
- Midwest
- Inland North American (Lower peninsula of Michigan, northern Ohio and Indiana, Chicago, part of eastern Wisconsin and upstate New York)
- North Central American English (includes Minnesota, North Dakota and some of South Dakota, Wisconsin, Michigan and Iowa)
- Yooper dialect (the variety of North Central American English spoken in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and in some neighboring areas)
- North Midlands English (thin swath from Nebraska to Ohio)
- St. Louis-area English
- Wisconsin-Illinois dialect
- Southern English
- Appalachian English
- Coastal Southeastern (Charleston, South Carolina, Savannah, Georgia area)
- Cajun English
- Harkers Island English (North Carolina)
- Southern Highland English
- South Midlands English (thin swath from Oklahoma to Pennsylvania)
- Tampanian English
- Texan
- Yat (New Orleans)
- Western English
- California English
- Boontling
- Hawaiian English (Hawaiian Pidgin)
- Utah English
- Pacific Northwest English
- Cultural
- Bermudian English
- Canada
- Canadian English (CaE)
- Native American English (Amerindian English)
- Quebec
- Maritimes
- West/Central Canadian English
- Newfoundland English (not a dialect of Canadian English)
- Canadian English (CaE)
- Native American English (Amerindian English)
- Mojave English
- Isletan English
- Tsimshian English
- Lumbee English
- Tohono O'odham English
- Inupiaq English
[edit] Caribbean
[edit] Asia
- Burmese English
- Hong Kong English
- Indian English
- Malaysian English (MyE)
- Philippine English
- Singapore English
- Sri Lankan English (SLE)
[edit] Africa
[edit] Oceania
- Australian English (AuE)
- Fijian English
- Hawaiian Pidgin English
- New Zealand English
[edit] Constructed
[edit] Manual encodings of English
These encoding systems should not be confused with sign languages such as British Sign Language and American Sign Language.
[edit] Pidgins and creoles
- Bislama
- Cameroonian Pidgin English
- Canton English
- Englog (English Tagalog Creole)
- Gullah
- Hawaiian Pidgin
- Sierra Leone Krio language
- Nigerian Pidgin
- Norfuk
- Shelta (Irish Traveller Cant)
- Tok Pisin
- Miskito Coastal Creole
[edit] The "Lishes"
The following are portmanteaus devised to describe certain local variants of English. Although similarly named, they are actually quite different in nature, with some being genuine mixed languages, some being instances of heavy code-switching between English and another language, some being genuine local dialects of English used by first-language English speakers, and some being non-native pronunciations of English. A few portmanteaus (such as Greeklish and Pinglish) are transliteration methods rather than any kind of spoken variant of English.
- Benglish (Bengali English)
- Chinglish (Chinese English)
- Czenglish (Czech English)
- Danglish (Danish English)
- Dunglish (Dutch English)
- Engrish (Japanese English)
- Finglish (Finnish English)
- Franglais (French English)
- Denglisch/Genglish/Ginglish/Germish/Pseudo-Anglicism (German English)
- Hinglish (Hindi English)
- Hunglish (Hungarian English)
- Italish (Italian English)
- Konglish (South Korean English)
- Manglish/Malaysian Colloquial English (Malaysian English)
- Poglish (Polish English)
- Rominglish/Romglish (Romanian English)
- Runglish (Russian English)
- Serblish (Serbian English)
- Singlish (Singaporean English)
- Spanglish (Spanish English)
- Swenglish (Swedish English)
- Taglish (Tagalog English)
- Tanglish (Tamil English)
- Tinglish/Thailish (Thai English)
- Vinish (Vietnamese English)
- Wenglish (Welsh English)
- Yeshivish (Yeshiva English)
- Yinglish (Yiddish English)
[edit] See also
- Survey of English Dialects
- Regional accents of English speakers
- History of the English language
- macaronic
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- Sounds Familiar? — Listen to examples of regional accents and dialects from across the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website
- English Accents and Dialects— a browsable collection of recordings by the British Library.
- American Dialects
- BBC sound archive of accents in the British Isles
- International Dialects of English Archive
- Runglish
- Regional Accents for the Non-Expert
- Speech Accent Archive
- |Dialect Poetry from the English regions
