Maria I of Portugal
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Maria I of Portugal (pron. IPA [mɐ'ɾiɐ fɾɐ̃'siʃkɐ]), (Portuguese full name: Maria Francisca Isabel Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana), the Pious (Port. a Piedosa) - (Lisbon December 17, 1734 – Rio de Janeiro March 20, 1816) was the daughter of King Joseph I of Portugal, the eldest of four daughters. Her mother Marianne Victoria of Borbón was daughter of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth Farnese.
At the day of her birth, her grandfather, king John V of Portugal, created her the Princess of Beira.
When her father, Joseph I, succeeded to the throne in 1750, Maria was declared his heiress and the next monarch. She was given the crown-princely title Princess of Brazil, but not the duchy of Bragança.
She married her father's younger brother, Peter III, on June 6, 1760. In 1777, she became the first Queen regnant of Portugal, and Algarves, and the 26th (or 27th according to some historians [attribution needed]) Portuguese monarch. Later in life her royal title would become Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves.
Her first act as queen was to dismiss the unpopular prime minister, the Marquis of Pombal, following the brutal treatment given to the Távoras in the Tavora affair. Noteworthy events of this period were Portugal's membership of the League of Armed Neutrality (July 1782) and the 1781 cession of Delagoa Bay from Austria to Portugal. In 1801 the Spanish dictator Manuel de Godoy invaded Portugal with backing from Napoleon, but was forced to abandon the campaign in the same year. However the Treaty of Badajoz on June 6, 1801 forced Portugal to cede Olivenza and part of Guyana to Spain.
Queen Mary suffered from religious mania and melancholia. It made her incapable of handling state affairs after 1799 and so her son Prince John became regent. The refusal of his government to join the Continental Blockade of Britain culminated in the 1807 Franco-Spanish invasion led by General Junot. The Braganza dynasty fled to Brazil on November 13, 1807, and Junot was appointed governor of the kingdom pending Napoleon's decision on its ultimate fate. On August 1, 1808, the British General Arthur Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington) landed a British army in Lisbon and thus commenced the Peninsular War. Wellesley's initial victory over Junot at Vimeiro (August 21, 1808) was wiped out by his superiors in the Convention of Cintra (August 30, 1808). Nevertheless, Wellesley (now Lord Wellington) returned to Portugal on April 22, 1809 to recommence the campaign. Portuguese forces under British command distinguished themselves in the defence of the lines of Torres Vedras (1809-1810) and in the subsequent invasion of Spain and France. In 1815, the regency government elevated Brazil as kingdom, and Maria I was proclaimed the Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves. When Napoleon was finally defeated in 1815, Maria and her family were still in Brazil. The aged Queen died at Rio de Janeiro in 1816 and the Prince Regent succeeded her as King John VI of Portugal and Brazil.
[edit] Ancestors
| Maria I of Portugal | Father: Joseph I of Portugal |
Father's father: John V of Portugal |
Father's father's father: Peter II of Portugal |
| Father's father's mother: Maria Sophia of Neuburg |
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| Father's mother: Mary Anne of Austria |
Father's mother's father: Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor |
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| Father's mother's mother: Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg |
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| Mother: Mariana Victoria of Spain |
Mother's father: Philip V of Spain |
Mother's father's father: Louis, le Grand Dauphin |
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| Mother's father's mother: Maria Anna of Bavaria |
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| Mother's mother: Elisabeth of Parma |
Mother's mother's father: Odoardo, Crown Prince of Parma |
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| Mother's mother's mother: Isabel of Modena |
[edit] Marriages and descendants
Maria married her uncle, Prince Peter of Portugal, who when she was crowned Queen regnant automatically became King consort Peter III of Portugal, because a child had already been born from the marriage.
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| By Peter III of Portugal (July 5, 1717-May 25, 1786; married on June 6, 1760) | |||
| Prince Joseph | August 20, 1761 | September 11, 1788 | Titled Prince of Beira (1761-1777) and Prince of Brazil (1777-1788). Married his aunt Maria Francisca Benedita, Infanta of Portugal, but had no issue. |
| Infante João Francisco | September 16 1763 | October 10 1763 | |
| Infanta Maria Isabel | December 23, 1766 | January 14 1777 | |
| Prince John Maria | May 13, 1767 | March 26, 1826 | Titled Prince of Brazil from 1788 until he succeeded Maria as the 27th (or 28th according to some historians) King of Portugal. |
| Infanta Mariana | December 15, 1768 | November 2, 1788 | Married Gabriel, prince of Spain, son of Charles III. |
| Infanta Maria Clementina | June 9 1774 | June 27 1776 | |
See also: List of Portuguese monarchs
| House of Braganza Cadet Branch of the House of Aviz Born: 17 December 1734 Died: 20 March 1816 |
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|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Joseph I |
Queen of Portugal 1777–1816 nominally with Peter III, King-Consort (1777–1786) |
Succeeded by John VI |
