Marlborough Sounds
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The Marlborough Sounds are an extensive network of sea-drowned valleys (created by a combination of land subsidence and rising sea levels [1]) at the north of the South Island of New Zealand.
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[edit] Geography
Covering some 4,000 km² of sounds, islands, and peninsulas, the Marlborough Sounds lie at the South Island's north-easternmost point, between Tasman Bay in the west and Cloudy Bay in the south-east. The almost fractal coastline has 1/5th of the length of New Zealand's coasts.[2]
The steep, wooded hills and small quiet bays of the sounds are sparsely populated, as access is difficult. Many of the small settlements and isolated houses are only accessible by boat. The main large port is Picton on the mainland, at the head of Queen Charlotte Sound. It is at the northern terminus of the South Island's main railway and State Highway networks. The main small boat port is Waikawa which is one of New Zealand's largest and provides a base for leisure sailors and vacationers.
The main sounds, other than Queen Charlotte Sound, are Pelorus Sound and Kenepuru Sound. Tory Channel is a major arm of Queen Charlotte Sound, and between them they isolate the hills of Arapawa Island from the mainland. Other islands in the sounds include D'Urville Island.
[edit] Ferries and marine farms
The Marlborough Sounds are connected to the Cook Strait at the north-east extreme. At this point, the North Island is at its closest to the South Island, and the inter-island road, rail, and passenger ferry service between Picton and Wellington travel through the sounds.
Marine farming is increasingly common, although the wakes caused by fast catamaran vehicular ferry services to the North Island has been alleged to damage farms and destroy crab grounds. It was also blamed for stripping the local beaches bare of sand, and damaging landings and other facilities built close to the water's edge. This resulted in a dispute heard in the New Zealand Environment Court in the early 1990s. However, the court not only refused to restrict the fast ferries, but also awarded NZ$ 300,000 in court costs to the citizen group having brought forward the case, then seen as a strong blow against civic action, and a curtailing of the powers of the Resource Management Act.
However, as damage increasingly became visible, and protests continued, the fast ferries (which only operated for the summer season) were eventually restricted to a lower speed of 18 kn in the sounds (officially for safety reasons), reducing their time advantage over the conventional ferries.[3] They have since been discontinued.
[edit] Dangerous waters
The main channels of the Marlborough Sounds have calm water and are popular for sailing. Cook Strait, however, is infamous for its strong currents and rough waters, especially when the wind is from the south or north. Because of this, some of the narrow channels closer to the Strait are notoriously dangerous. Notable amongst these is French Pass at the southern end of D'Urville Island, which has several vortices.
The most notable shipwreck in the sounds is that of the Russian cruise liner Mikhail Lermontov, which sank in 1986 in Port Gore, close to the mouth of Queen Charlotte Sound, after striking rocks. One life was lost in the incident.
[edit] References
- ^ Rocky coasts (from the Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand)
- ^ Pelorus Sounds and Marlborough Sounds (from the tourism.net.nz website)
- ^ Fast Ferries (from the Guardians of the Sounds action group website)
[edit] External links
