Myanmar Army

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Myanmar Army

Components Regional Military Commands Military Operations Commands Light Infantry Divisions Air Defence Command Armoured and Artillery Operations Commands Headquarters Naypyidaw History Military History of Myanmar Armed Forces Day: 27th of March Personnel List of senior officers Officer rank insignia

The Myanmar Army is the land component (army) of the Military of Myanmar, previously known as Burma. The Myanmar Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of Myanmar and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. The Myanmar Army maintains the second largest active force in South East Asia.

The Myanmar Army has a troop strength around 428,000. It is a completely voluntary service, the military draft never having been imposed in Myanmar. The army has rich combat experience in fighting insurgents in rough terrains, considering it has been conducting non-stop counter insurgency operations against ethnic and political insurgents since its inception in 1948.

The force is headed by the Commander in Chief (Army), currently Vice Senior General Maung Aye. The highest rank in the Myanmar Army is Senior General, equivalent to Field Marshal position in Western Armies and is currently held by Senior General Than Shwe.

Contents 1 Structure of Myanmar Army 1.1 Bureau of Special Operations (BSO) 1.2 Regional Military Commands (RMC) 1.3 Regional Operations Commands (ROC - Da Ka Sa) 1.4 Military Operations Commands (MOC) 1.5 Light Infantry Divisions (LID) 1.6 Air Defence Command 1.6.1 Myanmar Integrated Air Defence System 1.6.2 Sector Operations Centers 1.7 Artillery and Armoured Units 1.8 Artillery Operations Command (AOC) 2 Myanmar Army Staff 2.1 Strength 2.2 Rank Structure 3 Order of Battle 4 Equipments 4.1 Armor 4.2 Artillery 4.3 Surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft artillery 4.4 Support Weapons 4.5 Individual Weapons 5 Training 5.1 Defence Academies and Colleges 5.2 Training Schools 6 References 7 See also

[edit] Structure of Myanmar Army

The Army has always been by far the largest service in Myanmar and has always received the lion's share of the defence budget.^[1][2] It has played the most prominent part in Myanmar's struggle against the 40 or more insurgent groups since 1948 and acquired a reputation as a tough and resourceful military force. In 1981, it was described as 'probably the best [army] in Southeast Asia, apart from Vietnam's'^[3]. The judgement was echoed in 1983, when another observer noted that "Myanmar's infantry is generally rated as one of the toughest, most combat seasoned in Southeast Asia"^[4].

In 1985, a foreign journalist with the rare experience of seeing Burmese soldiers in action against ethnic insurgents and narco-armies was 'thoroughly impressed by their fighting skills, endurance and discipline'^[5]. Other commentators throughout that time characterised the Myanmar Army as 'the toughest, most effective light infantry jungle force now operating in Southeast Asia'^[6]. Even the Thais, not known to praise the Burmese lightly, have described the Myanmar Army as 'skilled in the art of jungle warfare'^[7]. Thai soldiers readily acknowledge, albeit privately, the toughness and determination of their Myanmar counterparts. Despite its preoccupation with retaining political power, the Myanmar Army has never lost sight of its defence role, and over the past 12 years has implemented a wide range of measures which have significantly enhanced its military capabilities.

The first army division to be formed after the 1988 military coup was the 11th Light Infantry Division (LID) in the December of 1988 with Col. Win Myint as commander of the division. In March 1990, a new regional command was opened in Monywa with Brigadier Kyaw Min as commander and named North-Western RMC. A year later 101st LID was formed in Pakokku with Col. Saw Tun as commander. Two Regional Operations Commands (ROC) were formed in Myeik and Loikaw to facilitate command and control. They were commanded respectively by Brigadier Soe Tint and Brigadier Maung Kyi. March 1995 saw the dramatic expansions of the Tatmadaw as it established 11 Military Operations Commands (MOC)s in that month. MOC are similar to Mechanized Infantry Divisions in western armies, each with 10 regular infantry battalions (Chay Hlyin Tatyin), a headquarters, and organic support units including field artillery batteries. Then in 1996, two new RMC were opened, Costal Region RMC was opened in Myeik with Brigadier Sit Maung as commander and Triangle Region RMC in Kengtung with Brigadier Thein Sein as commander. There new ROCs were opened in Kalay, Bhamo and Mongsat. In late 1998, two new MOCs were opened in Bokepyin and Mongsat.^[8]

The most significant expansion after the infantry in the army was in armour and artillery. Beginning in 1990, the Tatmadaw procured 18 T-69II tanks and 48 T-63 amphibious light tanks from China. Further procurements were made, including several hundred Type 85 and Type 92 armoured personnel carriers (APC). By the beginning of 1998, Tatmadaw has about 100+ T-68II main battle tanks, similar number of T-63 amphibious light tanks and several T-59D tanks. These tanks and armoured personnel carriers were distributed into five armoured infantry battalions and five tank battalions and formed the first Armoured Division of the Tatmadaw under the name of 71st Armoured Operations Command with its headquarters in Pyawbwe.

By 2000, the Myanmar Army had reached some 370,000 all ranks. There were 337 infantry battalions, including 266 light infantry battalions. Although the Myanmar Army's organisational structure was based upon the regimental system, the basic manoeuvre and fighting unit is the battalion, known as "Tat Yin" in Burmese, which comprised an headquarters unit; four rifle companies(tat khwe) with three rifle platoons (Tat Su) each; an administration company with medical, transport, logistics and signals units; a heavy weapons company including motor, machine gun and recoilless gun platoons. Each battalion is commanded a Lieutenant Colonel (du bo hmu gyi) with a Major (bo hmu) as 2ic (Second in Command), with a total establishment strength of 27 officers and 723 other ranks. Light infantry battalions in Myanmar Army have much lower establishment strength of around 500, as a result this often leads to these units being mistakenly identified by the observers and reporters as under strength infantry battalions.

With its significantly increased personnel numbers, weaponry and mobility, today's Tatmadaw Kyee is a formidable conventional defence force for the Union of Myanmar. Troops ready for combat duty have at least doubled since 1988. Logistics infrastructure and Artillery Fire Support has been greatly increased. Its newly acquired military might was apparent in the Tatmadaw's dry season operations against KNU strongholds in Manerplaw and Kawmura. Most of the casualties at these battles were the result of intense and heavy bombardment by the Tatmadaw Kyee. Not only that Tatmadaw Kyee is now much larger than it was in pre-1988, it is more mobile and has greatly improved armour, artillery and air defence inventories. Its C3I (Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence) systems have been expanded and refined. It is developing larger and more integrated, self-sustained formations which should lend themselves to better coordinated action by different combat arms. The army may still have relatively modest weaponry compared to its larger neighbours, but it is now in a much better position to deter external aggression and respond to such a threat should it ever arise.[1]

[edit] Bureau of Special Operations (BSO)

Bureau of Special Operations in Myanmar Army are high-level field units equivalent to Field Army Group in Western terms and consist of 2 or more Regional Military Commands (RMC) and commanded by a Lieutenant-General and 6 staff officers. Currently there are five Bureaus of Special Operations in Myanmar order of Battle.

BSO	Regional Military Commands
Bureau of Special Operations 1	Central Command North Western Command Northern Command
Bureau of Special Operations 2	North Eastern Command Eastern Command Triangle Region Command
Bureau of Special Operations 3	South Western Command Southern Command Western Command
Bureau of Special Operations 4	Coastal Command South Eastern Command
Bureau of Special Operations 5	Yangon Command Naypyitaw Command

[edit] Regional Military Commands (RMC)

See: Regional Military Commands

For better command and communication, the Tatmadaw formed Regional Military Commands (Tine Sit Htar Na Choke) structure in 1958. Until 1961, there were only two regional commands, they were supported by 13 Infantry brigades and an infantry division. In October of 1961, new regional military commands were opened and leaving only two brigades. In June of 1963, the Naypyidaw Command was temporarily formed in Yangon with the deputy commander and some staff officers drawn from Central Command. It was reorganised and renamed as Yangon Command on 1 June 1965.

A total of 337 infantry and light infantry battalions organised in Tactical Operations Commands, 37 independent field artillery regiments supported by affiliated support units including armoured reconnaissance and tank battalions. RMCs are similar to corps formations in Western armies. The RMCs, commanded by Major-General rank officer, are managed through a framework of Bureau of Special Operations (BSOs), which are equivalent to Field Army Group in Western terms. Currently there are five Bureaus of Special Operations in the Tatmadw's order of battle.

RMC	State/Division	headquarters	Battalions
Northern Command	Kachin State	Myitkyina	33 Infantry Battalions
North Eastern Command	Northern Shan State	Lashio	30 Infantry Battalions
Eastern Command	Southern Shan State	Taunggyi	42 Infantry Battalions including 16× Light Infantry Battalions under Regional Operation Command (ROC) Headquarters at Loikaw
Triangle Region Command	Eastern Shan State	Kyaingtong (Kengtung)	28 Infantry Battalions
Central Command	Mandalay Division	Mandalay	17 Infantry Battalions
South Eastern Command	Mon and Kayin (Karen) States	Mawlamyaing (Moulmein)	36 Infantry Battalions
Coastal Region Command	Tanintharyi Division (Tenassarim Division)	Myeik (Mergui)	43 Infantry Battalions including battalions under 2 MOC based at Tavoy
Southern Command	Bago and Magwe Divisions	Toungoo	27 × Infantry Battalions
South Western Command	Ayeyarwady Division (Irrawaddy Division)	Pathein (Bassein)	11 × Infantry Battalions
Western Command	Rakhine (Arakan) and Chin States	Sittwe (Akyab)	33 × Infantry Battalions
North Western Command	Sagaing Division	Monywa	25 × Infantry Battalions
Yangon Command	Yangon Division	Mingaladon	12 × Infantry Battalions
Naypyidaw Command	Naypyidaw	Pyinmana	Formed in 2006 - ? × Infantry Battalions

[edit] Regional Operations Commands (ROC - Da Ka Sa)

• • Regional Operations Command - Loikaw (headquarters at Loikaw)
  • Regional Operations Command - Bhamo (headquarters at Bhamaw)
  • Regional Operations Command - Kalay (headquarters at Kalay)
  • Regional Operations Command - Mongsat (headquarters at Maungsat)

[edit] Military Operations Commands (MOC)

Military Operations Commands (MOC, or Sa Ka Kha), commanded by a Brigadier-General, are similar to infantry divisions in Western Armies. They consists of 10 Infantry battalions (Chay Hlyin Tatyin), HQ and organic support units including field artillery batteries.

• • Military Operations Command 1 (headquarters at Kyaukme, Shan State)
  • Military Operations Command 2 (headquarters at Loilin, Shan State)
  • Military Operations Command 3 (headquarters at Moekaung, Kachin State)
  • Military Operations Command 4 (headquarters at Phugyi, Yangon Division)
  • Military Operations Command 5 (headquarters at Ann, Yakhine State)
  • Military Operations Command 6 (headquarters at Pyinmanar, Mandalay Division)
  • Military Operations Command 7 (headquarters at Phekon, Shan State)
  • Military Operations Command 8 (headquarters at Tavoy, Tanintharyee Division)
  • Military Operations Command 9 (headquarters at Kyauktaw, Yakhine State)
  • Military Operations Command 10 (headquarters at Kyeekone, Mandalay Division)
  • Military Operations Command 11
  • Military Operations Command 12 (headquarters at Kawkareik, Kayin State)
  • Military Operations Command 13 (headquarters at Bokpyin, Tanintharyee Division)
  • Military Operations Command 14 (headquarters at Mongsat, Shan State)
  • Military Operations Command 15 (headquarters at Buthidaung, Yakhine State)
  • Military Operations Command 16 (headquarters at Theindi, Shan State)
  • Military Operations Command 17 (headquarters at Mongpan, Shan State)
  • Military Operations Command 18 (headquarters at Hehalsai, Shan State)
  • Military Operations Command 19 (headquarters at Ye, Mon State)
  • Military Operations Command 20 (headquarters at Kawthaung, Tanintharyee Division)
  • Military Operations Command 21 (headquarters at Bhamo, Kachin State)
  • Military Operations Command 22
  • Military Operations Command 23
  • Military Operations Command 24

[edit] Light Infantry Divisions (LID)

Light Infantry Division(Chay Myan Tat Ma), commanded by a Brigadier-General, each with 10 Light Infantry Battalions organised under 3 Tactical Operations Commands, commanded by a Colonel, (3 battalions each and 1 reserve), 1 Field Artillery Battalion, 1 Armour Squadron and other support units.

These divisions were first introduced to the Myanmar Army in 1966 as rapid reaction mobile forces for strike operations. 77th Light Infantry Division was formed on 6 June 1966, followed by 88th Light Infantry Division and 99th Light Infantry Division in the two following years. 77th LID was largely responsible for the defeat of the Communist forces of the CPB (Communist Party of Burma) based in the forested hills of the central Pegu Yoma in the mid 1970s. Three more LIDs were raised in the latter half of 1970s (the 66th, 55th and 44th) with their headquarters at Prome, Aungban and Thaton. They were followed by another two LIDs in the period prior to the 1988 military coup (the 33rd LID with headquarters at Sagaing and the 22nd LID with headquarters at Pa-an). 11th LID was formed in December 1988 with headquarters at Htaukkyan and 101st LID was formed in 1991 with its headquarters at Pakkoku.

Each LID, commanded by Brigadier General (Bo Hmu Gyoke) level officers. consist of 10 light infantry battalions specially trained in counter-insurgency and jungle warfare, for "search and destroy" operations against ethnic insurgents and narcotics-based armies. These battalions are organised under three Tactical Operations Commands (TOC; Sit Byu Har) and Each TOC, commanded by Colonel (Bo Hmu Gyi), is made up of three or more combat battalions, with command and support elements similar to that of brigades in Western armies. One battalion was held in reserve. As of 2000, all LID have their organic Field Artillery units. For example, 314th Field Artillery Battery is now attached to 44th LID. Some of the LID battalions has been given Parachute and Air Borne Operations training and two of the LIDs have been converted to mechanised infantry formation with divisional artillery, armoured reconnaissance and tank battalions^[9]

LIDs are considered to be a strategic asset of the Myanmar Army and after the 1990 reorganisation and restructuring of the Tatmadaw command structure, they are now directly answerable to Chief of Staff (Army).

LID	Year formed	Place formed	First Commander	Commander as of 1998
11th LID	1988	Indine	Col. Win Myint	Col. Myint Swe
22nd LID	1987	Pa-An	Col. Tin Hla	Col. Kyaw Thu
33rd LID	1984	Sagaing	Col. Kyaw Ba	Col. Win Myint
44th LID	1979	Thaton	Col. Myat Thin	Col. Ne Win
55th LID	1980	Sagaing/Kalaw	Col. Phone Myint	Col. Sein Lin
66th LID	1976	Pyay	Col. Taung Zar Khaing	Col. Aung Min
77th LID	1966	Hmawbi/Bago	Col. Tint Swe	Col. Thein Soe
88th LID	1967	Magway	Col. Than Tin	Brig. Aye Kyae
99th LID	1968	Meikhtila	Col. Kyaw Htin	Col. Htay Oo
101st LID	1991	Pakkoku	Col. Saw Tun	Brig. Aung Thein Lay

[edit] Air Defence Command

[edit] Myanmar Integrated Air Defence System

During the late 1990s, Air Defence Command was formed during the late 1990s but was not fully operational until 1999. In early 2000, Tatmadaw established Myanmar Integrated Air Defence System (MIADS) with help from Russia, Ukraine and China. All AD assets except Anti-Aircraft Artillery within Tatmadaw arsenal are integrated into MIADS.

Under MIADS, the country was divided into six Air Defense sectors, each controlled by a sector operations center (SOC) and reporting to the National Air Defense Operations Center (ADOC) in Yangon.Each SOC transmitted data back to intercept operations centers (IOC), which in turn controlled SAM batteries and fighter/interceptor squadrons at Air Bases. Each IOC was optimized to direct either SAMs or fighter/interceptor aircrafts against incoming enemy aircraft or missile. Each IOC was connected to observer and early warning area reporting posts (RP) via fibre optic cable network. There were about 100 radars located at approximately 40 sites throughout the country. New AD radars such as 1L117 radars, Galaxy Early Warning Radar and P series radars are installed in all radar stations.

[edit] Sector Operations Centers

The six Sector Operations Centers (SOCs) of MIADS are as follow:-

• Northern SOC (HQ at Myit Kyee Nar)
• Southern SOC (HQ at Myeik)
• Western SOC (HQ at Sitwe)
• Eastern SOC (HQ at Tachilaik)
• South Eastern SOC (HQ at Yey)
• Central SOC (HQ at Maikhtela)

[edit] Artillery and Armoured Units

Artillery and armoured units were not used in an independent role, but were deployed in support of the infantry by the Ministry of Defence as required. As of 2000, the Armour and Artillery wing of the Tatmadaw has about 60 battalions and 37 independent artillery companies/batteries attached to various regional commands, LIDs, MOCs and ROCs. For example, 314th Field Artillery Battery is under 44th LID, 326 Field Artillery Battery is attached to 5th MOC, 074 Field Artillery Battery is under ROC (Bhamo) and 076 Field Artillery Battery is under North-Eastern RMC. Twenty of these Artillery battalions are grouped under 707th Artillery Operation Command (AOC) headquarters in Kyaukpadaung and 808th Artillery Operation Command (AOC) headquarters in Oaktwin, near Taungoo. The remaining 30 battalions, including 7 Anti-Aircraft artillery battalions are under Directorate of Armour and Artillery (DAA).

The Directorate of Artillery and Armor Corps was also divided into separate corps in 2001, and the Office of Chief of Air Defense was created. A dramatic expansion of forces under these directorates followed with the equipment procured from China, Russia, Ukraine and India.

Since 2000, the Directorate of Artillery Corps has overseen the expansion of Artillery Operational Commands(AOC) from two to 10 or more. Tatmadaw's stated intention is to establish an AOC in each of the 12 Regional Military Commands. Each AOC is composed of An HQ battllion and 13 Artillery batteries; 9 Field Artillery Batteries,1 Medium Artillery Battery, 1 Rocket Artillery Battery, 1 TAB and supporting units.

Armored divisions were expanded in number from one to two, each with ten armoured battalions (five equipped with tanks and five with IFVs and APCs). In mid-2003, Tamadaw acquired 139+ T-72 Main Battle Tanks from Ukraine and signed a contract to build and equip a factory in Myanmar to produce and assemble 1,000 BTR armored personnel carriers (APCs) in 2004. In 2006, Indian Government transferred unspecified amount of T-55 Main Battle Tanks that are phasing out from active service to Tatmadaw along with 105mm Light Field Guns, armored personnel carriers and indigenous HAL Light Attack Helicopters in return for Tatmadaw’s full cooperation in flushing out Indian insurgent groups operating from its soil.

[edit] Artillery Operations Command (AOC)

Since 2000, the Directorate of Artillery Corps has overseen the massive expansion of Artillery Operational Commands(AOC). Artillery Operations Commands are equivalent to Artillery Divisions in western term. Currently there are 10 AOCs in Tatmadaw order of battle. Tatmadaw's stated intention is to establish an AOC in each of the 12 Regional Military Commands.

Each AOC composed of an HQ battalion, 12 Artillery Battalions and support units: six light field artillery battalion equipped with 105 mm, 76 mm, 75 mm howitzers, field guns and mountain guns, three medium artillery battalions equipped with 155 mm, 130 mm, 122 mm howitzers and field guns , one Multiple Rocket Launcher battalion equipped with 122 mm self propelled and towed launchers, one Air Defence Artillery battalion with 37 mm, 57 mm Anti-Aircraft guns or SA 18 IGLAs) man portable surface-to-air missiles and one target aquisition battalion.

Light field artillery battalions consists of 3 field artillery batteries with 36 field guns or howitzers (12 guns per battery), and medium artillery battalions consists of 3 medium artillery batteries of 18 field guns or howitzers (6 guns per one battery).

• • Artillery Operations Command 505 (headquarters at Tha Htone)
  • Artillery Operations Command 606 (headquarter unknown)
  • Artillery Operations Command 707 (headquarters at Kyauk Pa Taung)
  • Artillery Operations Command 808 (headquarter unknown)
  • Artillery Operations Command 909 (headquarter unknown)
  • Artillery Operations Command 901 (headquarter unknown)
  • Artillery Operations Command 902 (headquarter unknown)
  • Artillery Operations Command 903 (headquarter at Loi Lin)
  • Artillery Operations Command 904 (headquarter unknown)
  • Artillery Operations Command 905 (headquarter unknown)

[edit] Myanmar Army Staff

[edit] Strength

Myanmar Army statistics
Active Troops	428,250
Regional Military Commands	13
Infantry Divisions	30 (10 LID and 24 MOC)
Armour Divisions	2
Artillery Divisions	10
Tanks	800
Artillery	3800

[edit] Rank Structure

See: Army ranks and insignia of Myanmar

The various rank of the Myanmar Army are listed below in descending order:

Commissioned Officers

• Bo Gyoke Mhu Gyi (Senior General)
• Du Bo Gyoke Mhu Gyi (Vice Senior General)
• Bo Gyoke Kyee (General)
• Du Bo Gyoke Kyee (Lieutenant General)
• Bo Gyoke (Major General)
• Bo Mhu Gyoke (Brigadier General)
• Bo Mhu Gyi (Colonel)
• Du Bo Mhu Gyi Lieutenant-Colonel
• Bo Mhu Major
• Bo Gyee Captain
• Bo (Lieutenant)
• Du Bo (Second Lieutenant)

Non Commissioned Officers (NCOs)

• A Yar Khan Bo (Warrant Officer)
• Du A Yar Khan Bo (Regimental Sergeant Major)
• Oak Khwe Tat Kyat Kyee (Master Sergeant)
• Tat Kyat Kee (Sergeant)
• Tat Kyat (Corporal)
• Du Tat Kyat (Lance Corporal)

[edit] Order of Battle

• 13 x Regional Military Commands (RMC)
  
• 4 x Regional Operations Commands (ROC)
  
• 24 × Military Operations Commands (MOC)
  
• 10 x Light Infantry Divisions (LID)
  
• 1 x Airborne Infantry Division
  
• 2 x Armored Operation Commands (AOC) (Each with 5 Tank Battalions and 5 Armored Infantry Battalions (IFVs/APCs).)
  
• 10 x Artillery Operation Commands (AOC) (with of 113 Field Artillery Battalions)
  
• 2 x Anti-Aircraft Artillery/Air Defence Division (Each with 3 × Medium Range SAM Battalions, 3 × Short Range SAM Battalions, 3 × AAA/AD Battalion)
  
• 40+ Military Affair Security Companies (MAS Units replaces former Military Intelligence Units after the disbandment of the Directorate of Defense Service Intelligence (DDSI))
  
• 45 Advanced Signal Battalions
  
• 54 Field Engineer Battalions
  
• 4 Armoured Engineer Battalions
  
• 32 Medical Battalions
  

[edit] Equipments

[edit] Armor

• 139 × T-72S MBTs (PRC/Ukraine/Russia)^[10]
• 280+ × Type 59D MBTs (PRC)
• 190+ × Type 69 II MBTs (PRC)
• Unknown number of Type 80 MBTs (PRC)
• Unknown number of Type 85 MBTs (PRC)
• Unknown number of Type 55 MBTs (India)
• 150+ × Type 63 Light Tanks
• 22 × Comet Medium Tanks (UK - WWII vintage)
• 1,000 × BTR-3U IFVs (supplied by Ukraine to be assembled in Myanmar)
• 250 × Type 85 APCs (PRC)
• 240 × Type 90 APCs (PRC)
• 50+ × BMP-1 IFVs
• 140 × EE-9 Cascavel AFVs
• Unknown number of Panhard AML 90 armoured cars
• 80 × Universal T-16 Bren Gun Carriers (UK - WWII vintage)
• 40 × Humber APC (UK)
• 6 × [[Ferret Scout Car (SC) (UK)
• 50 × Daimler Scout Car (UK)
• 72 × MAV-1 locally manufactured IFVs
• 44 × locally manufactured Armoured Personal Carriers and Scout Cars
  • BAAC-73 SC
  • BAAC-83 APC
  • BAAC-84 SC
  • BAAC-85 SC
  • BAAC-86 SC
  • BAAC-87 APC
  • BAAC-87 Command and Control Carrier

[edit] Artillery

Self-Propelled and Towed Artillery

^{[11] [12]}

• 30 × NORA B52 self-propelled artillery (Serbia)
• 16 × M-845P 155mm Howitzers (Israel)
• 100+ × KH-179 155mm Howitzers (ROK)
• 16 × Soltam 155mm Howitzers (Israel)
• Unknown number of 140mm 5.5-inch Medium Guns (UK WWII vintage)
• 16 × Type 59 M-46 130mm Field Guns (North Korea)
• 72 × D-30M 122mm Howitzers
• 340+ × 105mm Howitzers ( US M-101, Yugoslavia M-56/M101 Howitzer, Indian 105-mm Light Guns)
• 50 × 88mm 25-Pounder Field Guns (UK WWII vintage)
• 80 × 75mm Field Guns (UK WWII vintage)
• 100 × M-48 B1 Mountain Guns (Yugoslavia)
  

Multiple Rocket Launchers (MLRS)

• 30 x 240 mm truck mounted MLRS (DPRK)
• 120 × Type 90 122mm MLRS (PRC)
• Unknown number of BM-21 MLRS (Vietnam)
• 30 × Type 63 107mm Towed MLRS (PRC)
• Unknown number of locally made BA-84 81mm Towed MLRS
  

Heavy Mortars

• 400+ × 120mm Mortars
  • Ka Pa Sa BA-97 (locally made)
  • Hotchkiss-Brandt MO-120-60 (France)
  • MA-6
  • Soltam K-6 (Israel)
  • Tampella Mk.2 (Finland)
  • Type 53 (PRC)
  • UBM-52 (Yugoslavia)
• 8 × 120mm Soltam M-65/Tampella M-65 (Israel/Finland)

[edit] Surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft artillery

• 48 × TOR M1 / SA-15 SAMs (USSR)
• 24 × BUK-M1-2 / SA-17 SAMs (USSR)
• 24 × Tunguska SA-19 Gun/SAMs (USSR)
• 24 × SA-6 Gainful SAMs (USSR/PRC)
• 24 × Pechora-2M SAMs
• 48 × Volga M SA-2 Guideline SAMs
• 2 × BAe Dynamics Bloodhound Mk.II SAMs (UK/Singapore - illegal transfer)
• 400 × SA-18 Grouse MANPADS
• 200 × CPMIEC HN5 MANPADS (PRC)
• 100 × Igla-1E / SA-16 Gimlet MANPADS
• Unknown number of FIM-92 Stinger MANPADS (US/Pakistan - illegal transfer from arms shipment from US for mujahideen)
• 200 × 14.5mm KPV heavy machine guns in quadruple AAA mounts (PRC)
• 200 × 37mm/40mm/57mm Anti-Aircraft Guns (various models)

Light and Medium Mortars

• N/A × 2-inch Ordnance ML (UK, Burma)
• N/A × 3-inch Ordnance ML (UK, Burma)
• N/A × 60mm Ka Pa Sa BA-100 (Burma)
• N/A × 60mm Type-63 (PRC)
• N/A × 60mm M-19 (US)
• N/A × 81mm M-29 (US)
• N/A × 81mm Ka Pa Sa BA-90 (Burma)
• N/A × 82mm M-43 (Russia)
• N/A × 82mm Type-53 (PRC)
• N/A × 82mm Type-67 (PRC)
• N/A × 82mm Type-76 (PRC)

Rocket Launchers and Recoilless Guns

• N/A × 57mm M-18 (US)
• N/A × 57mm Type-36 (PRC)
• 200 × 75mm M-20 Rocket Launchers (US)
• N/A × 75mm Type-52 Rocket Launchers (PRC)
• N/A × 75mm Type-56 Rocket Launchers (PRC)
• N/A × 82mm Type-65 (PRC)
• N/A × 82mm Type-78 (PRC)
• 1800 × 84mm FFC Carl Gustaf M-2 (Sweden)
• N/A × 3.5in M-20 Rocket Launcher "Super Bazooka" (US WWII vintage/MAP)
• N/A × 106mm M-40A1 (US)
• N/A × 106mm M-40A2 (US)

[edit] Support Weapons

Heavy Machine Guns

• N/A × 0.50cal Browning M-2HB HMG (Belgium/US)
• N/A × 12.7mm Type-85 HMG (PRC)
• N/A × 20mm Hispano Suiza Mk.5 Automatic Cannon (UK)

General Purpose Machine Guns (GPMG) The typical section support weapon before 1988 Tatmadaw modernisation programme was the locally-manufactured 7.62mm BA64 Light Machine Gun (LMG), also known as the G4. This was essentially the G3 assault rifle fitted with heavy barrel and bipod. The G4 replaced the British 0.30in Bren LMG. Company fire support generally consisted of German-designed 7.62mm MG3 medium machine guns (made in Myanmar's own Ka Pa Sa factories) and the Belgian 7.62mm FN MAG GPMG.

• 0.30in Browning M1919A4 MMG (US)
• 0.303in Bren LMG (UK)
• 7.62mm Bren L4A4 LMG (UK)
• 7.62mm Ka Pa Sa BA-64 LMG. Locally made version of Heckler & Koch G4.
• 5.56mm Ka Pa Sa MA-2 LMG (Burma)
• 7.62mm Ka Pa Sa MA15 GMPG (Burma)
• 7.62mm FN MAG GPMG (Belgium)

[edit] Individual Weapons

Assault Rifles Before 1988, the standard Myanmar infantry weapon was the 7.62mm BA63 assault rifle, a locally-produced version of the Heckler & Koch G3. Myanmar also produced a shorter, lighter carbine version of the same rifle under the designation BA72, simply known as the G2. A third version of the G3, known as the BA1000, was more accurate and reliable, but was primarily used as a sniper's weapon. Many soldiers, mainly officers and NCO, still carried 0.30 calibre M1 and M2 carbines provided by the US in the 1950s under the Military Assistance Programme (MAP). These world war two vintage carbines are ideal for jungle warefare.

From the beginning of 2002, 7.62 mm BA series rifles are gradually replaced by 5.56 mm MA series automatic assault rifles in Myanmar Army's frontline units. MA series assault rifles are similar to Israeli GALI rifle and fires 5.56 mm NATO rounds. As side-arm, officers used 9mm Browning High Power/FN-35 semi-automatic pistol locally manufactured under license by Ka Pa Sa.

• 5.56mm MA-1 Assault Rifle. (Locally made version of the Israeli IMI Galil assault rifle.)
• 5.56mm MA-2 Light Machine Gun - LMG (Locally made version of the Israeli IMI Galil carbine version.)
• 5.56mm MA-3 Carbine
• 5.56mm MA-4 (MA-1 Assault Rifle with 40 mm M203 Grenade Launcher)
• 5.56mm MA-11 (Assault Rifle 5.56 mm version of G3 aka BA-63)
• 5.56mm MA-12 Light Machine Gun - LMG (5.56 mm version of G4 aka BA-64)
• 7.62mm Ka Pa Sa BA-63 Assault Rifle. Produced under license from H&K - HK G3A2.
• 7.62mm Ka Pa Sa BA-72 Assault Rifle. Produced under license from H&K - HK G3K.
• 7.62mm Ka Pa Sa BA-100 Assault Rifle. Produced under license from H&K - HK G3A3ZF Sniper Version.
• 7.62mm Ka Pa Sa BA-64 Light Machine Gun - LMG (also known as G4)
• 0.30in Winchester M-1 Carbine (US)
• 0.30in Winchester M-2 Carbine (US)

Submachine Guns

• 9mm Ka Pa Sa BA-94. Produced under license from IMI, Israel - based on the Uzi.
• 9mm Sterling L2-A3 (UK)
• 9mm Ka Pa Sa BA-52 "Ne Win Sten". Produced under license from TZ Italy - based on the TZ-45.

Grenade Launchers

• 40mm RPG-2 Type-56 ATGL, B40 (Russia/PRC)
• 40mm RPG-7 Type-69 ATGL (Russia/PRC)
• 40mm M-79 (US)
• 40mm M-203 (US)

[edit] Training

[edit] Defence Academies and Colleges

• National Defence College - NDC (Yangon)
• Defence Services Command and General Staff College - DSCGSC (Kalaw)
• Defence Services Academy - DSA (Pyin Oo Lwin)
• Defence Services Technological Academy - DSTA (Pyin Oo Lwin)
• Defence Services Medical Academy - DSMA (Yangon)
• Defence Services Nursing College - DSNC (Yangon)
• Defence Services Technological College -DSTC (Hopone)

[edit] Training Schools

• Officer Training School - OTS (Fort Ba Htoo)
• Myanmar Army Combat Forces School-I (Fort Ba Htoo)
• Myanmar Army Combat Forces School-II (Fort Bayint Naung)
• Artillery Training School (Mone Tai)
• Armour Training School (Mine Maw)
• Electronic School (Pyin Oo Lwin)
• Engineer School (Pyin Oo Lwin)
• Information Warfare School (Yangon)
• Air, Land and Paratroops Training School (Mhaw Bi)
• Special Forces School (Ye Mon)

[edit] References

[edit] See also

• Aung San
• Tatmadaw
• Myanmar Navy
• Myanmar Air Force
• Military Intelligence of Myanmar
• Myanmar Police Force
• Myanmar Frontier Forces