National Space Agency of Ukraine
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The National Space Agency of Ukraine, or NSAU (Ukrainian: Національне космічне агентство України, Natsional'ne kosmichne ahentstvo Ukrayiny, or НКАУ, NKAU) is the agency of the government of Ukraine responsible for space policy and programs.
NSAU is a civil body in charge of co-ordinating the efforts of government installations, research, and industrial companies (mostly state-owned). Several space-related institutes and industries are directly subordinated to NSAU. However, it is not a united and centralized system immediately participating in all stages and details of space programs (like NASA in the United States). A special space force in the military of Ukraine is also absent.
The agency oversees launch vehicle and satellite programs, co-operative programs with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, the European Space Agency, NASA, and commercial ventures. International participation includes Sea Launch and the Galileo positioning system.
Launches are conducted at Kazakhstan's Baikonur and Russia's Plesetsk Cosmodromes, and on Sea Launch's floating platform. NSAU has ground control and tracking facilities in Eupatoria, Crimea.
Spacecraft include the Sich and Okean Earth observation satellites, and the Coronas solar observatory with Russia. Ukraine's Space Agency has supplied Russia with military satellites and their launch vehicles, a unique relationship in the world.
The NSAU and NASA are preparing to sign an agreement to launch an unmanned flight to the moon, using a Dnepr in 2007.
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[edit] Main tasks
- Development of state policy concepts in the sphere of research and peaceful uses of space, as well as in the interests of national security;
- Organization and development of space activities in Ukraine and under its jurisdiction abroad;
- Contributing to state national security and defense capability;
- Organization and development of Ukraine’s cooperation with other states and international space organizations.
[edit] Space program
The space activities in Ukraine have been pursued over the 10-year span in strict accordance with National Space Programs. Each of them was intended to address the relevant current issues to preserve and further develop the space potential of Ukraine.
The First Program (1993-1997) was called upon to keep up the research and industrial space-related potentiality for the benefit of national economy and state security as well as to be able to break into the international market of space services.
The Second Program (1998-2002) was aimed at creating the internal market of space services, conquering the international space markets by presenting the in-house products and services (including launch complexes and spacecraft, space-acquired data, space system components) and integrating Ukraine into the worldwide space community.
The National Space Program of Ukraine for a 2003-2007 period (NSPU) which was adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (the Parliament of Ukraine) on October 24 2002 outlines the main goals, assignments, priorities and methods of maintaining the space activity in Ukraine.
Specific programs
- Scientific space research
- Remote sensing of the Earth
- Satellite telecommunication systems
- Development of the ground-based infrastructure for navigation and special information system
- Space activities in the interests of national security and defense
- Space complexes
- Development of base elements and advanced space technologies
- Development of research, test and production base of the space sector
Goals of the program
- To develop the national system for Earth observation from outer space to meet the national demands in the social economic sphere and for the security and defense purposes
- To introduce the satellite systems and communication facilities into the telecommunication infrastructure of the state;
- To obtain new fundamental knowledge on near-Earth outer space, the solar system, deep space, biological and physical processes and the microgravity condition;
- To create and develop the techniques for space access with a view of realizing national and international projects and to enable the home-made rocket to be employed on the worldwide market of space transportation services;
- To elaborate the advanced space facilities;
- To ensure the innovative development of the space sector in terms of improving its research, experimental and production basis.
[edit] Human flight
Prior to Ukraine's Independence, Ukrainian cosmonauts flew under the Soviet flag. First Ukrainian (NSAU) cosmonaut to leave Earth into space under Ukrainian flag was Leonid K. Kadenyuk in 13 May 1997 . He was a payload specialist for the STS-87 NASA mission. It was an international Space Flight mission, involving cosmonauts of NASA (USA), NSAU (Ukraine) and NASDA (Japan). Kadeniuk holds the rank of Ukrainian Air Force Major General.
[edit] Sea Launch project
Sea Launch is a mobile sea platform, used for spacecraft launches of commercial payloads on specialized Ukrainian Zenit 3SL rockets. Main advantage of floating cosmodrome is its placing at the equator directly. It allows to use the most effect of Earth rotation and delivery of payloads into orbit at low expenses.
Within the frameworks of the project the space rocket complex was developed, which consists of four components:
- marine segment,
- rocket segment,
- spacecraft segment and
- facilities.
During 1991-2007 a total of 97 launches of Ukrainian LV were conducted, including, but not limited to launches on the Sea Launch mobile launch pad. In 2006 Ukrainian launch vehicles accounted for 12,1% of all launches into space in the world.
[edit] Types of launch vehicles
Ukrainian companies Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office and Makarov Yuzhny Machine-Building Plant (Yuzhmash) have engineered and produced seven types of launch vehicles. Adding strapon boosters to launch vehicles may expand the family of Mayak, which is the latest launch vehicle developed.
- Cyclone-2
- Cyclone-3
- Cyclone-4
- Zenit-2
- Zenit-3SL
- Dnipro
- Mayak
[edit] Svityaz project
The Svityaz aerospace rocket complex (ASRC) is intended for launching of various spacecrafts (SC) into circular, elliptic and high-altitude circular, including the geostationary (GSO), orbits. Svityaz ASC represents a unique system that allows launchштп spacecrafts without utilization of complicated ground infrastructure. The Svityaz is launched directly from a modified version of Mriya, a Ukrainian airplane and airplane carrier that is currently the largest one in the world. Modified Mriya that will be used to carry Svityaz has been designated a code of An-225-100.
The aircraft is equipped with special devices to secure the LV above the fuselage. The operators and onboard equipment are located in the pressure-tight cabins. The Svityaz LV is being created on the basis of units, aggregates and systems of Zenit LV. It consists of three stages of non-toxic propellants - liquid oxygen and kerosene. The launch vehicle is injected into the geostationary orbit using a solid-propellant apogee stage.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- English-language home page
- Ukraine's Space Program - article in Moscow Defense Brief
- NASA, Ukraine Prepare Flights to Moon, RedNova News
- Ukrainian Rockets to Orbit U.S. Satellites, Novosti
- Yuzhnoe SDO, major Ukrainian Space Technologies Design Bureau
