Payut Ngaokrachang
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Payut Ngaokrachang | |
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| Born | April 1, 1929 Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand |
| Field | Cartoonist, Animator, Film director, Teacher |
| Famous works | The Adventure of Sudsakorn |
Payut Ngaokrachang (Thai: ปยุต เงากระจ่าง, born April 1, 1929) is a Thai cartoonist and animator. He created Thai cinema's first (and so far only) cel-animated feature film, The Adventure of Sudsakorn.
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[edit] Biography
[edit] Early life
Payut was born at Klong Warl village, Warkoe, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. As a child, Payut was interested in nang drama (shadow-puppet plays) and Felix the Cat.
In 1944, he enrolled in classes to become an art teacher. Payut studied by correspondence with illustrator Hem Vejakorn, whose work was seen on the covers of 10-satang pulp novels. Through their letters back and forth, Hem introduced Payut to drawing.
"I had been a fan of Khru Hem’s drawings since 1944, when I was 14. So, I wrote him asking to become his student. He was a great teacher and taught me a lot, from how to draw anatomy to getting the right perspective on paintings. I learned all this from his letters," Payut told The Nation newspaper in a 2004 interview.[1]
At age 17, Payut took his first job painting backgrounds for play sets as he traveled around Thailand with theater groups. Payut also worked as a block printer, making etchings, and was employed at an advertising agency.
[edit] Inspiration as animator
One of Payut's influences was artist Sanae Klaikluen, whom Payut had met in 1941. Sanae was interested in animation and wanted Payut to join him in a project. Sanae was commissioned in 1945 to make a one-minute animated film for the Thai government, which was campaigning to get citizens to wear hats and farmers to wear boots. Sanae died a year later, and it was then that Payut decided he wanted to be an animator.
In 1955, while he was recovering from an illness, Payut set about animating a cartoon he had been drawing for a newspaper. In the cartoon, Haed Mahasajan, a policeman directs traffic, swaying to the tune of music in the manner of Thai classical dancers. A woman starts crossing the street when the zipper on her dress splits, diverting the policeman's attention with the result that cars pile up all around him.
The 12-minute short premiered on July 5, 1955 at Sala Chalermthai Theater.
[edit] Work for USIS
The acclaim that accompanied Payut's "Hollywood-like" animated short caught the attention of the US embassy in Bangkok, which led to his hiring by the United States Information Service, where he worked for nearly 33 years as an artist.
For training, the USIS gave Payut a choice of spending six to eight months with Disney or going to Japan. He chose Japan, where he has said he "just looked around, as animation did not exist there at the time." (See History of anime).
Payut only made one animated film for the USIS, a 20-minute recounting of the story of Hanuman, the white monkey in the classic Ramayana. Made in 1957, it was called Hanuman Pachon Pai Krang Mai (The Adventure of Hanuman). It was a propaganda work, with a red monkey representing communism.
In 1960, he created a short cartoon called Dek Kab Mee (A Boy and A Bear) for the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, which called for unity in order to combat communism.
He also worked part-time jobs making animated commercials.
[edit] Work on feature film
While keeping his day job at USIS, Payut began work in 1976 on The Adventure of Sudsakorn, featuring a character from one of Thailand's most famous literary works, Pra Apai Manee by the poet Sunthorn Phu. Sud Sakorn, the boy hero, is the son of a mermaid and a musician, and his adventures include fights with an elephant, a shark and a dragon horse, as well as encounters with a king, a hermit, a yogi, a magic wand and ghosts.
The 82-minute feature was released on Songkran Day, April 13, 1979. It is the only Thai-produced, cel-animated cartoon feature ever made.
The production was plagued with shortages of capital, personnel and equipment. For the first six months, the crew had 100 workers, but by the second year their numbers were reduced to nine.
"I made a lot of my equipment from pieces I got from junk of World War II military surplus," Payut told writer John A. Lent. "I'd find a screw here, a crank there, etc. I used a combat camera and adapted it. I pulled together pieces of wood, aluminum, whatever I could find."
The intense, detailed work on Sudsakorn impaired his eyesight. "I did all the key drawings myself, even the layout and design ... I was almost blind from doing that film and now I wear contacts. My right eye is long, my left is short, crooked because of all that detailed work."
[edit] Later work
Attempts to make more animated features were rebuffed because of the expense involved. It was cheaper for Thai movie studios to make live-action films.
His next animated feature wasn't made until 1992, when he was subsidized by Film of Japan to make a film for educating girls under the title My Way.
He's also been a guest lecturer on animation at many universities.
Payut's The Adventure of Sudsakorn is occasionally screened at film and animation festivals around the world.
[edit] Legacy
Although no Thai animated feature films were made after The Adventure of Sudsakorn, animation is widely used in Thai television series and in commercials. A 3D animated Sudsakorn series is one such show.
In 2006, a computer-animated feature film called Khan Khluay, about King Naresuan the Great's war elephant will be released. It is directed by Kompin Kemgunerd, who's worked on such Disney features as Atlantis: The Lost Empire and Tarzan, and Blue Sky Studios' Ice Age. Although the work is being done on computers, Kompin has faced many of the same difficulties in funding and human resources that Payut faced.
Additionally, Thai animators have worked on Hollywood films. Juck Somnsaman is a computer graphics designer for Rhythm & Hues, and did work on Garfield, Scooby Doo, Babe and The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Virat Bunnag was on the visual-effects team for The Day After Tomorrow. And Artaya Boonsung was in charge of visual effects for Underworld: Evolution and Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle. All three worked on The Lord of the Rings.[2][3]
[edit] References
- Lent, John A. (April 1997). "A Screw Here, a Crank There". Animation World Magazine, Issue 2.1.
- Danutra, Pattara and Himes, Robert (January 1, 2004). "Payut Ngaokrachang: The Master of Thai Animations", Thai Film Foundation.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Pholdhampalit, Khetsirin. April 24, 2004. "Light works", The Nation.
- ^ Phataranawanik, Phatarawadee (January 13, 2006). "Moving marvels", The Nation, Weekend section, pages 12-13, print edition.
- ^ Sukin, Kamol (March 12, 2006) "Thai animators out to conquer the world", The Nation.
