Pertamina
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| PERTAMINA | |
 |
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| Type | Public |
|---|---|
| Founded | 10 December 1957 |
| Headquarters | Central Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Key people | Ari Hernanto Soemarno |
| Industry | Oil and Gas |
| Website | www.pertamina.com |
Pertamina (Perusahaan Tambang Minyak Negara, lit. 'State Oil Company') is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which runs the country oil & gas reserves. It was created in August 1968 by the merger of Pertamin (established 1961) and Permina (established 1957).
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[edit] History
[edit] Before the merge
Article 33 of National Act 1945 emphasizes that "Land, water and their containing natural resources are possessed by the state and are used for people's utmost wellbeing". Based on this Article, the privilege to manage oil industry is in the government's hand.
On December 10, 1957, Permina was founded, with Col. Ibnu Sutowo, at the helm. Ibnu Sutowo's position as the second deputy of Abdul Haris Nasution was a move towards army control in the oil industry.[1] Permina conducted the oil distribution's process for the entire nation. Permina founded Apprentice Technique School (Sekolah Kader Teknik) in Brandan to fulfill the needs of experts on oil's area. Permina also established Oil Academy in Bandung at 1962. Oil Academy's curriculum consists of several aspects in oil industry, and the graduates turned into the main forces in Pertamin (which later transformed to Pertamina). Pertamin, established in 1961, was responsible for the administration, management and controlling of the exploration and production.
In 1960, the Congress stated a policy that oil and ground gases mining are only permitted for the state, through a state company. The involvement of foreign party was bonded by contract since then. Afterward, an agreement between the state and foreign companies was affirmed that gradually, oil refinement manufactures and other assets in marketing and distribution are vended to Indonesia throughout 5 - 15 years.
In 1968, to consolidate oil and gas industry for its management, exploration, marketing and distribution, Permina and Pertamin merged and became PN. Pertamina. It continued to do little drilling itself, but made production-sharing agreements with foreign companies.
[edit] After the merge
After the merge, Pertamina's production rose considerably (about 15% each in 1968 and 1969, and nearly 20% in 1973).[2] It went on to become one of the largest corporations in the world. By the end of 1973, it directly produced 28.2% of Indonesia's oil, with agreements of Caltrex and Stanvac to produce the rest (67.8% and 3.6%, respectively). Its assets included seven refineries, oil terminals, 116 tankers, 102 other vessels and an airline. It was also active in cement, fertilizer, liquid natural gas, steel, hospitals, real estate, a rice estate, and telecommunications. It had built the Bina Graha, the presidential executive office building in Jakarta.[3]
In 1973, the government tightened its ability to borrow money from overseas, and in February 1975, Pertamina was in a position of not being able to pay its American and Canadian creditors. An investigation followed, which revealed high levels of debt (over US$10 billion), mismanagement, and corruption within the company. The investigation hurt the reputation of the national elite both among Indonesians and foreigners. The government took over the operation of the company and sought means by which to repay its debts.[3]
Pertamina has legally transformed to be PT. Pertamina (Persero) since September 17, 2003 by the enactment of Government Regulation No.31/2003. Pertamina is now under the coordinator of the State Minister of State-owned Enterprises.
Like other contractors, as a business player Pertamina also holds Cooperation Contract to Oil and Gas Regulatory Body. Due to the transformation to be a limited liability company, Pertamina becomes a pure business entity which is more profit oriented.
[edit] Product
Currently Pertamina owns 7 oil refineries which have a capacity of 1,041.2 thousand barrels, 2 gas reserves with a capacity of 31 tons per year, and a petrochemical company.
Pertamina's products include:
- Fuel
- Gas
- Lubricant
- Fastron
- Prima XP
- Mesran
- Meditran
- Translik
- Rored
- 2T Enviro SAE 20
- Salyx
- Masri
- Turalix
- Sebana
- Medripal
- Gandar
- Silinap
- Kompen
- Termo
- Petrochemical products
- Polypropylene Plant
- Methanol Plant
- Petroleum Cokes Plant
- Pure Terephthalic acid (PTA) Plant
- Aromatic Center
