Psusennes II
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| Psusennes II in hieroglyphs |
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Tyetkheperre Psusennes II [Greek Ψουσέννης], or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II [Egyptian ḥr-p3-sb3-ḫˁỉ-<n>-nỉwt], is the final king of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt. He is often considered the same person as the High-Priest of Amun known as Psusennes III. Unlike his immediate predecessor and successor – Siamun and Shoshenq I respectively– he is generally less well attested in contemporary historical records even though various versions of Manetho's Epitome credits him with a 14 or a 35 year reign, (amended to 15 years by scholars)[1] His royal name means "Image of the transformation of Re" in Egyptian.[2] The few contemporary attestations from his reign include a graffito in Seti I's Abydos temple, an ostracon from Umm el-Qa'ab, an affiliation at Karnak and his presumed burial – which consists of a gilded coffin with a royal uraeus and a Mummy, found in an antechamber of Psusennes I's tomb at Tanis.
Items which can be added to this list include a Year 5 Mummy linen that was written with the High Priest Psusennes III's name. It is generally assumed that a Year 13 III Peret 10+X date in fragment 3B, line 6 of the Karnak Priestly Annals belongs to his reign.[3] Unfortunately, however, the king's name is not stated and the only thing which is certain is that the fragment must be dated after Siamun's reign whose Year 17 is mentioned in lines 3-5.[4] Hence, it belongs to either Psusennes II or possibly Shoshenq I's reign. More impressive are the number of objects which associate Psusennes II together with his successor, Shoshenq I, such as an old statue of Thutmose III which contains two parallel columns of texts – one referring to Psusennes II and the other to Shoshenq I – a recently unearthed block from Basta which preserves the nomen of Shoshenq I together with the prenomen of Psusennes II, and a now lost graffito from Theban Tomb 18.[5]
[edit] References
- ^ K.A. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (c.1100-650 BC), Aris & Phillips Ltd., 1996. p.531
- ^ Peter Clayton, Chronology of the Pharaohs, Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1994. p.178
- ^ Kitchen, op. cit., p.423
- ^ Kitchen, op. cit., p.423
- ^ Aidan Dodson, "Psusennes II and Shoshenq I," JEA 79(1993), pp.267-268
- Aidan Dodson, RdE 38(1987), pp.50-51.
- Jean Yoyotte, "A propos de Psousennes II," BSSFT 1(1988).
| Preceded by Siamun |
Pharaoh of Egypt 958 – 943 BCE Twenty-first Dynasty |
Succeeded by Shoshenq I |
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