Regierungsbezirk

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A Regierungsbezirk is a government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states (Bundesländer). Regierungsbezirke are themselves further divided into districts (Kreise), either Landkreise or urban districts: cities which constitute a district in their own right (kreisfreie Städte). The Regierungsbezirk is governed by a Bezirksregierung and led by a Regierungspräsident.

Not all Bundesländer have this sub-division; some are directly divided into districts. Currently, five states are divided into 22 Regierungsbezirke, ranging in population from 5,255,000 (Düsseldorf) to 1,065,000 (Gießen):

Baden-Württemberg: Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, Tübingen
Bavaria: Oberbayern, Niederbayern, Oberpfalz, Oberfranken, Mittelfranken, Unterfranken, Schwaben
Hesse: Darmstadt, Gießen, Kassel
North Rhine-Westphalia: Arnsberg, Cologne, Detmold, Düsseldorf, Münster
Saxony: Chemnitz, Dresden, Leipzig

[edit] History

The first Regierungsbezirke were created by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1808/16, which divided its provinces into 25 Regierungsbezirke. The Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia are in direct continuation of those created in 1815. Other states of the German Empire created similar entities, named Kreishauptmannschaft (in Saxony) or Kreis (in Bavaria and Württemberg) (not to be confused with the Kreis or Landkreis today). During the Third Reich the Nazi government unified the naming; since then all these entities are called Regierungsbezirk.

On January 1 2000 Rhineland-Palatinate disbanded its three Regierungsbezirke Koblenz, Rheinhessen-Pfalz and Trier - the employees and assets of the three Bezirksregierungen were converted into three public authorities responsible for the whole state, each covering a part of the former responsibilities of the Bezirksregierung.

On January 1 2004 Saxony-Anhalt disbanded its three Regierungsbezirke Dessau, Halle and Magdeburg - the responsibilities are now covered by a Landesverwaltungsamt with three offices at the former seats of the Bezirksregierungen.

On January 1 2005 Lower Saxony disbanded its four Regierungsbezirke Braunschweig, Hanover, Lüneburg, Weser-Ems as well.

In North-Rhine Westphalia there are now (2005) plans to abolish the 5 Regierungsbezirke and create 3 self-government entities. The old, Prussian-style, Regierungsbezirk has no self-government organs.