September 11, 2001 attacks in popular culture

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The September 11, 2001 attacks have been the subject of numerous films and other works of art and literature, including:

Contents 1 Effects on popular media 1.1 Examples: 2 Film 2.1 Initial reaction 2.2 Film-related games 2.3 Films with references to 9/11 2.4 Films about 9/11 3 Theater 4 Literature 5 Comics 6 Music 7 Design 8 Television 9 External links 10 See also

[edit] Effects on popular media

9/11 has had a large impact in popular media, especially with television (most notably in cartoon shows), and especially in the United States.^{[citation needed]} Nowadays, almost any depiction in cartoons of things that intimate terroristic invasions or other things akin to 9/11, such as planes crashing, hostile takeover (such as world takeover), and forceful conquest, is stigmatized as being unacceptable.^{[citation needed]} This has led to the banning and termination of various shows and episodes of certain shows, especially in the U.S. (in which they are still shown in other countries like the U.K.).^{[citation needed]} On Nickelodeon, some shows have been moved to "special" channels such as the Nicktoons Network (which often does not come with standard cable service).^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Examples:

• Invader Zim: Although the main reason for its cancellation is high production costs and unsatisfactory results, some believe that Invader Zim was cancelled after 9/11 because the idea of alien invaders taking over Earth was like a "terrorist" attack similar to 9/11.^{[citation needed][verification needed]} The show can currently be seen in reruns on Nicktoons Network and MTV2's Sic'Emation lineup; and in Canada, YTV began airing the series on its Bionix programming block on September 8, 2006.
• Aaahh!!! Real Monsters: 2 Episodes 1-04 (Monstrous Makeover / A Wing and a Scare) and 4-06 (Nuclear and Present Danger / Loch Ness Mess) are now banned from being shown on US TV and were missed during Nicktoon TV's looped reruns, as one episode featured a plane crash it was most likely the events of 9/11 that prevented it from being aired. Reasons for Episode 4-06's banning remain unclear. However both these episodes still air on the British version of Nicktoons TV.

[edit] Film

[edit] Initial reaction

Hollywood's first reaction to the September 11 attacks was to alter, delay or even cancel films that unintentionally evoked the disaster.

• Zoolander and Serendipity digitally removed images of the World Trade Center towers.
• Men in Black 2 had to reshoot its climax, which was originally set at the World Trade Center, while the remake of The Time Machine removed a scene in which meteors devastated New York City.
• A trailer for Spider-Man was pulled that featured the title character catching a getaway helicopter in a web between the two towers—a sequence that was never intended to appear in the film.
• Arnold Schwarzenegger's Collateral Damage, Tim Allen's Big Trouble, Gene Hackman's Heist and Edward Burns' Sidewalks of New York all had their release dates pushed back.
• The Jackie Chan film Nosebleed, about a window washer who foils a plot to blow up the World Trade Center, was cancelled entirely.
• An episode of The Simpsons that takes place in New York (The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson), featuring several scenes at an animated World Trade Center, was not aired on television for a long time, and was heavily edited when returned to air. [1]
• A scene from the animated film Lilo & Stitch originally featured the main character stealing a 747 and joyriding through office and hotel towers of Honolulu; The scene was revised to show a spaceship racing through clouds and a valley. The original scene will be included on a later DVD release.

[edit] Film-related games

• Spider-Man 2: Enter Electro was recalled, as the game's climactic final battle took place on the North Tower. The game was released with the battle taking place in a new location.

[edit] Films with references to 9/11

• In the Korean revenge-drama Oldboy, footage from the attacks is used to mark the passage of time during the main character's imprisonment.

• In Final Destination 3 it is implied that there was a shadow of a plane on the towers in a picture, said to be a sign of the death that would take place. The picture was created digitally for the movie.

• In the 2006 remake of the horror film The Omen the elders list a number of national disasters, among them the fall of the WTC and Hurricane Katrina

• Steven Spielberg's War of the Worlds is set post 9/11, and makes numerous references to the event.

• Battle Royale II: Requiem is seen as a reaction to 9/11, featuring two buildings collapsing simultaneously in Tokyo, alluding to the collapse of the World Trade Centers.

[edit] Films about 9/11

Films specifically about the attacks, reactions and responses to them, and the post-9/11 world, include:

• Inside 9/11, a documentary from The National Geographic Society. It surveys the rise of terrorism directed at the West that culminated in 9/11. An Emmy-nominated film.
• 9/11, a documentary made from the footage taken by two French brothers, Jules and Gedeon Naudet, who were making a documentary about a rookie fireman when the attacks took place. They were one of the few people to capture the first plane hitting the towers on film. One brother followed the firemen into the stricken structures and narrowly escaped the subsequent collapse. It was released in 2002 and introduced by Robert de Niro.
• WTC: The First 24 Hours, released in February 2002, is a documentary shot by Etienne Sauret in the immediate aftermath of the attacks, showing the devastation and the initial rescue efforts. Originally an 11-minute short, later expanded to a half hour, the film includes no narration or music, and almost no dialogue.
• The Guys directed by Jim Simpson, starring his wife Sigourney Weaver and Anthony LaPaglia, based on the play by Anne Nelson (see below). According to IMDb, it débuted on 2002-09-11 at the Toronto International Film Festival, then had a limited commercial release on 2003-04-04. The plot concerns a firefighter who needs help writing eulogies for his fallen comrades.
• 11'9''01 September 11, in which 11 directors present 11 stories (each 11 minutes, nine seconds, and one frame long) of the event’s impact around the world, was released in September 2002. The filmmakers taking part were Iran's Samira Makhmalbaf, France's Claude Lelouch, Egypt's Youssef Chahine, Bosnia'a Danis Tanovic, Burkina Faso's Idrissa Ouedraogo, Britain's Ken Loach, Mexico's Alejandro González Iñárritu, Israel's Amos Gitai, India's Mira Nair, the U.S.'s Sean Penn and Japan's Shohei Imamura.
• Stairwell: Trapped in the World Trade Center (2002).
• Spike Lee's 25th Hour is set in post-9/11 New York, and puts Ground Zero in the background of a pivotal scene.
• Yasmin[2], a German-UK coproduction set in Northern England (filmed largely in and around Keighley). The eponymous character, played by Archie Panjabi, is a Muslim woman who experiences various forms of racism after 2001-09-11. Directed by Kenneth Glenaan, the film aired on British television in 2004, and since then has been playing at film festivals around the world.
• Fahrenheit 9/11, a June 2004 film by Michael Moore that examined the Bush administration's reaction to the attacks, became the highest-grossing documentary of all time.[3] Rather than replaying the familiar images of the burning towers, Moore evoked the disaster with images of bystanders' horrified reactions.
• The Great New Wonderful[4], directed by Danny Leiner, depicts the anxiety of post-9/11 New York City. Premiered at the TriBeCa Film Festival in April 2005.
• World Trade Center, a film by Oliver Stone, released in August 2006, tells the story of two Port Authority police officers, John McLoughlin (played by Nicolas Cage) and Will Jimeno (played by Michael Peña), who were some of the last rescue workers pulled from Ground Zero alive.
• Fernando Zamora, a Mexican film student at Columbia University School of the Arts, managed to get into Ground Zero on September 11, 2001 and made two short films in homage to the victims. The films, Steps and Dust, were aired on NBC and ABC networks on September 12th and 13th respectively.
• Munich, the 2005 Steven Spielberg film about the Israeli response to the 1972 Olympics terrorist attacks, concludes with a shot of the World Trade Center, insinuating that the whole movie has been just as much about 9/11 as it has been about Munich.
• United 93, a 2006 film about the fourth hijacked plane and the terrorists' failure to use it as a missile when passengers attacked the terrorists. Flight 93 and The Flight that Fought Back are TV movies also about the fourth hijacked plane.
• Reign Over Me, a film starring Adam Sandler and Don Cheadle follows a man (Sandler) who lost his family in the 9/11 attacks, and the old friendship that starts up again between himself and an old college buddy (Cheadle).
• The Hamburg Cell, a 2004 docudrama about the planning of the attacks.

[edit] Theater

• The Guys, a play by Anne Nelson, explores the memories and emotions of a surviving fire captain and a writer who helps him write eulogies for his lost comrades. The play was first performed on December 4, 2001.
• Recent Tragic Events by Craig Wright takes place on September 12, 2001, and deals with a blind date between a man and a woman who is trying to reach her sister, who lives in New York. It opened in Washington, D.C. in 2002.

[edit] Literature

• "In Spirit", a science fiction novella by Pat Forde, published in Analog in September 2002. A form of "spiritual" time travel is perfected in the middle of the 21st century and the aged children of 9/11 victims are given the opportunity to go back in time and be with their loved ones "in spirit" in their final moments. The tale is told from the point of view of a terrorist who abetted the hijackers on the ground and is 30-odd years into a life sentence when he's offered the chance to make himself a guinea pig in the time-travel experiments.
• Only Partly There by Lucius Shepard is a novella in the magical realism genre. It follows a rescue worker sifting through the wreckage of the attacks.
• Pattern Recognition (2003) by William Gibson was the first novel to address the attacks; the main character is a marketing consultant whose father disappeared in Manhattan on the morning of September 11.
• Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, a 2005 novel by Jonathan Safran Foer, follows the narrator, 9-year-old Oskar Schell, whose father was on the upper floors of the World Trade Center when the jets crashed into the Twin Towers. To fight his grief and quell his imagination, Oskar embarks on a quest to find what he hopes is his father's most illuminating secret. In service of this quest, Oskar conquers many of his irrational fears and comforts other damaged souls.
• David Llewellyn's novel Eleven takes place in Cardiff and London on September 11th and deals with the impact the terrorist attacks have on the lives of people in the UK.
• Windows on the World, a 2003 novel by Frédéric Beigbeder, is set in the restaurant at the top of the North tower on September 11. It tells the story of Carthew Yorston and his two sons as they try to escape or somehow survive the attack. Each chapter of the book represents one minute in time between 8:30 and 10:30 on 9/11. It also features a parallel narrative wherein the author, a French writer sympathetic to America, discusses the process of writing the book and his motivations for doing so.
• Dead Air, a novel by British novelist Iain Banks, published in 2002. It is set in London on September 11, 2001. The main protagonist is a left-wing radio "shock jock" attending a wedding when news of the attacks filter through.
• Richard Howard's poem "Fallacies of Wonder" deals with the difficult task of trying to remember the Twin Towers as they actually were now that they are gone.
• Ian McEwan's novel Saturday takes place in London after the September 11th attacks but before the 7 July 2005 London bombings. The novel shows how much the world has changed since the attacks in America.
• Jeffrey Archer's False Impression is a thriller that takes place during and immediately after 9/11.

[edit] Comics

• Art Spiegelman, Pulitzer Prize-winning author and illustrator of Maus, published In the Shadow of No Towers in 2004, a work that mourns both 9/11 and the political uses to which it has been put.
• The 9/11 Report: A Graphic Adaptation is a 2006 adaptation of the 9/11 Commission Report findings authored by cartoonists Sid Jacobson and Ernie Colon, published by Hill and Wang.
• Marvel Comics published books and comics based on the efforts of rescuers and fire fighters who risked their lives to save others during and after the attacks, donating proceeds their sale to relief funds. Among the books they published:

• Amazing Spider-Man (Vol. 2) #36, called the Black Issue for its solid black cover, explores how Spider-Man and other Marvel characters like Captain America, Daredevil & Magneto react in the aftermath of the attacks.
• Marvel also produced a book, Heroes, featuring pin-ups by various artists, many of which were oriented toward appreciation and admiration of emergency rescue workers, and patriotism. The cover was illustrated by Alex Ross, and the back cover, which showed a firefighter covered in ash, was illustrated by Marvel Editor-In-Chief Joe Quesada (whose personal affection for firefighters had been long-established with his own creator-owned superhero, Ash), Todd McFarlane and Richard Isanove, and featured a poem by writer/director Kevin Smith.
• Marvel also produced an anthology book, A Moment of Silence, featuring several stories, without dialogue or captions, based on the attacks. One of them focused on a real-life relative of a Marvel Comics employee, an engineer killed after deciding to enter one of the Towers to search for survivors. Marvel Editor-in-Chief Joe Quesada illustrated the cover.
• A new Marvel series, The Call of Duty, was also produced, which focused on firefighters.

• DC Comics produced two large books coordinated with Dark Horse Comics, Chaos! Comics, and Image Comics, 9-11: September 11, 2001, Volumes 1 & 2, which featured short stories and single-page works of art from a wide variety of artists.
• Alternative Comics produced 9-11 Emergency Relief, a similar collection of works with a cover by Frank Cho. [5]
• Brian K. Vaughan's Ex Machina, published by Wildstorm/DC, is set in a world in which a superhero called the Great Machine becomes mayor of New York after intervening in the September 11 attacks—managing to save only one of the towers.
• See also 9-11 (comics) for additional information.

[edit] Music

• The network Clear Channel Communications, first radio stations owner in United States, compiled a list with songs should be banned from its emissions for a short time after the attack [6]. The list included songs previously aired who featured or suggested anything related with war, attacks, airplanes, travels, United States, fear, utopy, future, New York or tragedy.
• In John Mayer's song "Covered in Rain" (a "sequel" to the song "City Love") a New York couple tries to stay together after the attacks but they eventually move on "for the best". The song ends with "And now I’m standing facing west/Tracing my fingers round a silhouette/I haven’t gotten used to yet/But it’s the brightest thing I’ve got."
• The song Tell Me Why by Will Smith featuring Mary J Blige focuses heavily on the attacks and their aftermath.
• American composer John Coolidge Adams won the Pulitzer Prize and a Grammy Award for "On the Transmigration of Souls", a choral work written in response to the attacks.
• Bruce Springsteen's 2002 album The Rising focused almost entirely on the disaster, and was widely hailed as one of Springsteen's most profound works.
• Blue Man Group's song and video "Exhibit 13" depicts charred scraps of paper that blew into a Brooklyn neighborhood from Manhattan.
• Several songs on Bon Jovi's 2002 album Bounce were inspired by the attacks and its aftermath: "Undivided", "Everyday", "Bounce", and "Love Me Back to Life".
• Paul McCartney wrote "Freedom" in response to the attacks and the wave of patriotism following them. He first performed it at the star-studded The Concert for New York City.
• Country singer Toby Keith wrote several songs in response to the attacks and its aftermath: "Courtesy of the Red, White, and Blue", "The Taliban Song", and "American Solider", dedicated to U.S. troops.
• Creed's song "One" describes the struggle between anger and relection. The video clip is a montage of news reports and replays.
• David Bowie's Reality album (2003) is said to be his own personal reflection of the post 9/11 world. The track "New Killer Star" makes references to "the great white scar over Battery Park" and a new superficial understanding of religion ("Jesus on Dateline")
• The Post-Hardcore band Scary Kids Scaring Kids song The City Sleeps In Flames from the album of the same name is about the 9/11 attacks, and a fictional story about someone caught in them.
• Ani DiFranco's song/poem "Self Evident" is about 9/11 and the US reaction.
• "Makeshift Patriot" by Sage Francis is a hip-hop song that cynically looks at the post-9/11 world, particularly the threats he perceives to civil rights.
• Carl Schroeder, a young Midwestern composer, wrote "Christine's Lullaby: An Elegy for Orchestra" in honor of Christine Hanson, the youngest victim of the 9/11 attacks.
• French songwriter Renaud wrote a song called "Manhattan Kaboul" that describes in parallel the deaths of a Puerto Rican immigrant in the World Trade Center and of a little Afghan girl under U.S. bombings.
• Italian band PGR wrote a song entitled "11 Settembre 2001".
• Radiohead's 2003 album Hail to the Thief reflected on a post-9/11 world.
• Eminem made several references to the attacks, beginning with The Eminem Show, released in Spring 2002. His songs "White America", "Square Dance", "My Dad Gone Crazy", and "Mosh" have tackled his—and America's—place in a post-9/11 world. Eminem dresses as Osama Bin Laden in the video clip for "Without Me".
• Alanis Morissette's album Under Rug Swept, included the song Utopia which was written for the victims and their families.
• Tori Amos's 2002 album Scarlet's Walk included two songs ("I Can't See New York" and "Mrs. Jesus"), which explore the 9/11 attacks and the immediate aftermath.
• Leonard Cohen's song about September 11, "On That Day", appears on his 2004 album Dear Heather.
• Alan Jackson's song "Where Were You (When the World Stop Turning)" asks a series of questions about the listener's location when he or she heard the news of the attacks.
• Anti-Flag, a punk band from Pittsburgh, wrote "911 For Peace" on the day of the attacks, and have since released "Terror State" and "For Blood and Empire".
• The Beastie Boys' album To The 5 Boroughs, released in 2004, focuses on life in post-9/11 New York.
• William Basinski was playing back and digitally transferring some old ambient loop tapes that disintegrated when the planes crashed into the World Trade Center in view of his Brooklyn apartment. The altered transfers were later released as The Disintegration Loops.
• Washington band Death Cab for Cutie recorded a song called "20th Century Towers" which deals with the feeling of loss and regret suffered after the 9/11 attacks.
• The 2001 Wu-Tang Clan album Iron Flag was released less than three months after 9/11; the track "Rules" opens with a Ghostface Killah verse about the attacks.
• Neil Young's "Let's Roll" is about Flight 93, referencing the order to storm the terrorist-controlled cockpit before the plane's crash in Pennsylvania.
• Mark Scudder's 2004 album Don't Wait was inspired by the tragedy of September 11th and dedicated to a friend he lost in the World Trade Center.
• Gerard Way of My Chemical Romance wrote the song "Skylines and Turnstiles" after he saw the September 11 attacks happen.
• Yellowcard recorded a song on their album Ocean Avenue called Believe that features excerpts of news reports and has lines speaking of the police and fire fighters who went into the towers, as well as thanking them for their bravery in the face of danger.
• Dutch band Epica has a song on their album The Phantom Agony called Façade of Reality that is about September 11th. The song contains fragments of a speech by Tony Blair about the terrorist attacks.
• Hip-Hop arist Will Smith has a track on Lost and Found about the attacks.
• Box Car Racer's "Elevator" off of their only album was written in response to the attacks. The song describes one man's jump off a building in an attempt to commit suicide and a man on the ground witnessing the whole event.
• D12 and Gorillaz collaborated on the track 911, which also featured Terry Hall, in response to the attacks. The song was featured on the soundtrack for the film Bad Company.
• Pop-punk band blink-182 originally started shooting the video for Stay Together for the Kids on September 10, 2001The next day when they went to finish the video, the 9-11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City occurred, and both the band and director Samuel Bayer opted to re-shoot the video, as they felt the images of the house coming down were too similar to the images of the attacks in New York.
• Jimmy Eat World renamed their album from Bleed American to "Jimmy Eat World" after the attacks. The album's title track, was renamed "Salt Sweat Sugar".
• The song If This Is Goodbye, from the 2006 album All the Roadrunning by Mark Knopfler and Emmylou Harris, was inspired by the telephone calls from United Airlines Flight 93.
• Pop-punk bands Good Charlotte, Mest and Goldfinger collaborated on a song called "The Innocent" which they wrote about the attacks.
• Metal band Iced Earth released a single from thier album "The Glorious Burden" called "Where the Eagle Cries", which is about the aftermath of 9/11. Part of the video was shot in Ground Zero.
• Alternative band Angels And Airwaves' song "Distraction" Depicts what happened on 9/11 and the following events (Iraq War etc.)
• Country singer Darryl Worley recorded "Have You Forgotten?" a response to anti-war sentiment in the U.S.
• Rap artist P. Diddy says, "We still here!!! And we buildin four more new towers!!!!" in the "Welcome to New York" portion of "Welcome To Atlanta (Remix)" by Jermaine Dupri.

[edit] Design

• A Garden Stepping into the Sky (2002-3) by Ron Drummond is a design for a World Trade Center Memorial built out of the "clay" of functional interior space suitable for commercial, cultural, or residential uses. Praised by New York novelist and critic Samuel R. Delany and architecture critic Herbert Muschamp, Drummond's design was the focus of a documentary by the award-winning independent filmmaker Gregg Lachow and was featured on CNN.com and KOMO-TV News. As an imaginative space, the concept itself functions as a memorial; the farther in you go, the bigger it gets.

[edit] Television

• The drama series The West Wing was one of the first television productions to respond to 9/11, airing a special episode, Isaac and Ishmael, a few weeks later, ahead of its planned season three premiere. The lead characters discuss terrorism with a party of schoolchildren. It was written and filmed within two weeks of the attacks, which are not referenced directly.
• Third Watch, a drama series about New York City firefighters and police officers, aired a special documentary episode a few weeks after the attacks in which real-life firefighters and police discussed 9/11. In the ensuing season, a number of episodes were devoted to the aftermath of the attacks and its affect on the characters.
• The military-themed series JAG was forced to retool its storylines to reflect the War on Terrorism and subsequent invasion of Afghanistan; one ongoing character loses a leg as a result of this storyline.
• The spy drama Alias debuted a few weeks after 9/11. An early episode includes a reference to the Department of Homeland Security, although references to 9/11 are not directly made initially.
• The 2003-2004 season of the science fiction series Star Trek: Enterprise was a War on Terrorism-based story arc that began with a devastating attack on Earth by an alien probe, an event inspired by 9/11. The 2004 episode "Storm Front, Part II" includes an image of the burning World Trade Center has part of a tableau of history.
• In the action series 24, scenes from the first episode of the first season, in which an airliner is destroyed by a terrorist, were edited to be more palatable so soon after the 9/11 attacks.
• On October 11, 2006, the Comedy Central series South Park showed its then-newest episode, Mystery of the Urinal Deuce. In the episode, Cartman does a slideshow for show-and-tell that blames Kyle for 9/11, using rather inane numerology involving the score Kyle got on a test on the day of 9/11. Stan helps Kyle shed the blame. It deals with the 9/11 conspiracies. The character Butters is also revealed to have his birthday on the same date as 9/11 memorial day. Having a birthday the same date as a national tragedy (as of 2001) is one of the many misfortunes Butters has to deal with.
• An episode of Spider-Man: The Animated Series was edited due to a scene where a helicopter crashes into one of the Twin Towers.
• During episodes of Friends following the attacks, Chandlers magnetic drawing board had a rough sketch of the attacks on the towers.
• WWE Smackdown on September 13 was dedicated to the 9-11 attacks. It started with Vince McMahon giving a very patriotic and heartfelt intro speech. Throughout the show, several superstars voiced their reactions to the attack.

[edit] External links

• Rebuilding NYC: 9/11 in Art and Culture: September 11 Film and Video Documentaries; a lengthy list of September 11-related documentaries. The site also has lists of books, songs, theater and works in other media inspired by September 11.
• Controversy with New 9/11 Films - About.com
• Listen to "Christine's Lullaby: An Elegy for Orchestra," composed in honor of the youngest 9/11 victim, Christine Lee Hanson.

[edit] See also

• Songs about the september 11 attacks
• 9-11 (comics)