Sternocleidomastoid muscle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Sternocleidomastoid | ||
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| The triangles of the neck. (Anterior triangles to the left; posterior triangles to the right.) | ||
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| Muscles of the neck. Lateral view. | ||
| Latin | musculus sternocleidomastoideus | |
| Gray's | subject #111 390 | |
| Origin: | manubrium sterni, clavicle | |
| Insertion: | mastoid process, superior nuchal line | |
| Artery: | occipital artery and the superior thyroid artery | |
| Nerve: | motor: accessory nerve sensory: cervical plexus |
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| Action: | Acting alone, tilts head to its own side and rotates it so the face is turned towards the opposite side.
Acting together, flexes the neck, raises the sternum and assists in forced inspiration. |
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| Dorlands/Elsevier | m_22/12550942 | |
In human anatomy, the sternocleidomastoid (pronounced /ˌstɚ.noˌkli.dəˈmæs.tɔɪ̯d/) muscles are muscles in the neck that act to flex and rotate the head.
It is given the name sternocleidomastoid because it attaches to the sternum (sterno-), the clavicle (cleido-), and the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull. It is also called the sternomastoid muscle.
It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, along with the scalene muscles of the neck.
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[edit] Origins and insertions of the two heads
The Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternomastoid muscle) passes obliquely across the side of the neck.
It is thick and narrow at its central part, but broader and thinner at either end. It arises from the sternum and clavicle by two heads.
- The medial or sternal head is a rounded fasciculus, tendinous in front, fleshy behind, which arises from the upper part of the anterior surface of the manubrium sterni, and is directed upward, lateralward, and backward.
- The lateral or clavicular head, composed of fleshy and aponeurotic fibers, arises from the superior border and anterior surface of the medial third of the clavicle; it is directed almost vertically upward.
The two heads are separated from one another at their origins by a triangular interval, but gradually blend, below the middle of the neck, into a thick, rounded muscle which is inserted, by a strong tendon, into the lateral surface of the mastoid process, from its apex to its superior border, and by a thin aponeurosis into the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone.
[edit] Variations
The Sternocleidomastoideus varies much in the extent of its origin from the clavicle: in some cases the clavicular head may be as narrow as the sternal; in others it may be as much as 7.5 cm. in breadth.
When the clavicular origin is broad, it is occasionally subdivided into several slips, separated by narrow intervals.
More rarely, the adjoining margins of the Sternocleidomastoideus and Trapezius have been found in contact.
The Supraclavicularis muscle arises from the manubrium behind the Sternocleidomastoideus (also known as the wing and named after a large prehistoric bird) and passes behind the Sternocleidomastoideus to the upper surface of the clavicle.
[edit] Cultural significance
- Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities featured a lawyer fond of clenching his sternocleidomastoid muscles.
[edit] Additional images
 Anterior surface of sternum and costal cartilages. |
 Occipital bone. Outer surface. |
 Left temporal bone. Outer surface. |
 Base of skull. Inferior surface. |
 Left clavicle. Superior surface. |
 Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. |
 Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. |
 Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries. |
 Veins of the head and neck. |
 The veins of the neck, viewed from in front. |
 The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck. |
 Anterolateral view of head and neck. |
 Front view of neck. |
[edit] External links
- LUC scm
- GPnotebook 436600910
- SUNY Figs 24:01-03
- Dictionary at eMedicine Sternocleidomastoid+muscle
- Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 25420.000-1
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
CERVICAL: platysma - sternocleidomastoid
SUPRAHYOID: digastric - stylohyoid - mylohyoid - geniohyoid
INFRAHYOID/STRAP: sternohyoid - sternothyroid - thyrohyoid - omohyoid
VERTEBRAL — ANTERIOR: longus colli - longus capitis - rectus capitis anterior - rectus capitis lateralis
