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This is a timeline of Indian history. It includes the history of South Asia (Indian subcontinent), especially the history of the regions now known India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
- 333 BC: Persian rule in Pakistan ends after Darius III is defeated by Alexander the Great, who establishes the Macedonian Empire after inheriting the Persian Achaemenid Empire
- 326 BC: Ambhi (Omphis/Taxiles in Greek), king of Taxila (Takshashila in Sanskrit) surrenders to Alexander (Sikander in Hindustani)
- 321 BC: Mauryan Empire is founded by Chandragupta Maurya (Sandrokottos in Greek) after he defeats the Magadhan Empire and Macedonian Seleucid Empire
- 305 BC: Chandragupta Maurya defeats Seleucus Nicator of the Seleucid Empire
- 304 BC: Seleucus gives up his territories in Pakistan and Afghanistan to Chandragupta in exchange for 500 elephants. Seleucus offers his daughter in marriage to Chandragupta to seal their friendship.
- 273 BC: Ashoka the Great (regarded as the greatest ancient Indian emperor), grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, ascends as emperor of the Mauryan Empire
- 266 BC: Ashoka conquers and unifies most of South Asia, along with parts of Afghanistan and Iran
- 265 BC: Kalinga War takes place between Ashoka and the kingdom of Kalinga.
- After conquering Kalinga, Ashoka regrets what he'd done, which led him to adopt Buddhism, which then became the official state religion of the Mauryan Empire
- 260s: Ashoka begins displaying religious tolerance, grants animal rights, builds hospitals for people and animals, treats his subjects as equals regardless of caste or creed, and promotes non-violence and republicanism
- 232 BC: Ashoka dies and is succeeded by Dasaratha
- 230 BC:Simuka declares independence from Mauryan rule and establishes Satavahana Empire.
- 200-100 BC: Tholkappiyam standardizes the grammar and morphology of Tamil and the oldest existing grammar in the text. (dates vary between 200 BCE and 100 CE)
- 184 BC: The Mauryan Empire, which shrunk considerably, collapsed after its emperor Brihadrata was assassinated by his Brahmin general Pusyamitra Sunga who then established the Sunga dynasty
- 180 BC: Establishment of the Indo-Greek kingdom.
- 80 BC: Establishment of the Indo-Scythian kingdom.
- 65 BC: Pandyan king sends Ambassodars to Greek and Roman court.
- 10: Establishment of the Indo-Parthian kingdom.
- 68: Establishment of the Kushan empire by Kujula Kadphises.
- 78: Gautamiputra Satkarni becomes Satavahana emperor and starts Shalivahana era calendar after defeating Scythian king Vikramaditya
- 240: Sri-Gupta starts the Gupta Empire
- 320: Chandragupta I ascends to the Gupta throne.
- 335: Samudragupta, a military genius, ascends the Gupta throne and expands the empire.
- 380: Chandragupta II, Samudragupta's son becomes the Gupta Emperor.
- 1526: Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, of the Delhi Sultanate, angers local nobles, who respond by inviting Babur, the Mughal ruler of Kabul, to invade Delhi and Agra. The local population, plus the possession of artillery, assists Babur in killing the Sultan (whose soldiers desert him) at the Battle of Panipat.
- 1527 Babur makes secret pact with Mewar general Silhadi that he will give Silhadi a kingdom, if Silhadi betrays Mewar King Rana Sanga in Battle of Khanwa, thus leading to the annexation of Mewar.
- 1530 Babur completes his Baburnama, reflecting on society, politics, economics, history, geography, nature, flora and fauna, which to this day is a standard textbook in 25 countries. Babur dies, and is succeeded by his son Humayun.
- 1556 Humayun converts from Sunni Islam to Shia Islam, to gain the alliance of the Shah of Persia. Humayun dies, and is succeeded by his son Akbar.
- 1572 Akbar annexes Gujarat.
- 1574 Akbar annexes Bengal.
- 1586 Akbar annexes Kashmir.
- 1600 East India company is formed in England. Gets exclusive trading rights with India.
- 1605 Akbar dies, and is succeeded by his son Jehangir.
- 1628 Jehangir announces "Chain of Justice" outside his palace that anyone can ring the bell and get a personal hearing with the emperor. Jehangir dies, and is succeeded by his son Shah Jahan.
- 1630 Birth of Shivaji.
- 1644 Shivaji takes oath of Independence at Raireshwar.
- 1658 Shah Jahan completes Taj Mahal, Jamia Masjid, and Red Fort. Imperial treasuries drained by architectural and military overexpenditures. Shah Jahan dies, and is succeeded by his son Aurangzeb.
- 1659 Shivaji's ill-equipped and small Maratha army defeat mighty Adilshahi troops at the Battle of Pratapgarh in a major upset in Indian history. Shivaji personally kills Adilshahi commander Afzal Khan in a thrilling fashion.
- 1674 Forces led by Shivaji defeat Aurangzeb's troops, and establishes Maratha Empire.
- 1680 Shivaji dies of fever at Raigad.
- 1681 Aurangzeb invades the Deccan
- 1707 Aurangzeb dies, and is succeeded by son Bahadur Shah I.
- 1707 Civil war breaks in Maharashtra between Maharani Tarabai and Shahu, Maratha Empire breaks into two divisions.
- 1717 Pamheiba decrees Vaishnavism as the state religion of Manipur
- 1719 Bajirao I is appointed the Peshwa by Maratha Emperor Shahu.
- 1734 Pamheiba invades Tripura
- 1735 Annexation of Rajputana by Peshwa Bajirao
- 1737 Bajirao I conquers Delhi, Mughal Emperor is spared and kept as titular head.
- 1740 Bajirao I annexes Bengal and Orissa.
- 1740 Bajirao I dies, with the distinction of winning every battle he fought. He is succeeded by Balaji Bajirao
- 1757 The British East India Company's private army under Robert Clive annexes Bengal for the company in the Battle of Plassey. Edmund Burke has Robert Clive arrested for the act.
- 1760 Marathas comprehensively defeat the Nizam, Maratha Empire reaches its zenith.
- 1761 The Marathas are defeated in the Third battle of Panipat bringing an end to their expansion.
- 1766 First Anglo-Mysore War begins.
- 1768 Ching-Thang Khomba and Suramphaa invade Manipur.
- 1769 First Anglo-Mysore War ends.
- 1772 Young Madhavrao Peshwa dies of tuberculosis.
- 1773 Narayanrao Peshwa is murdered by his uncle Raghunathrao's wife in front of Raghunathrao.
- 1774 Chief Justice of the Maratha Empire, Ram Shastri passes death sentence against the ruling Peshwa Raghunathrao for murdering his nephew.
- 1777 First Anglo-Maratha War begins.
- 1779 Maratha sardar Mahadji Shinde routs the British army at the Battle of Wadgaon.
- 1782 First Anglo-Maratha War ends with the restoration of status quo as per Treaty of Salbai.
- 1780 Second Anglo-Mysore War begins.
- 1784 Second Anglo-Mysore War ends with the Treaty of Mangalore.
- 1789 Third Anglo-Mysore War begins.
- 1790 The Marathas under Holkar and General de Boigne comprehensively defeat the Rajputs of Jaipur and their Mughal allies at the Battle of Patan, where 3000+ Rajput cavalry is killed and the entire Mughal unit vanquished. The defeat crushes Rajput hope of independence from external influence
- 1792 Third Anglo-Mysore War ends.
- 1796 Ching-Thang Khomba moves Manipur's capital to Kangla
- 1798 Fourth Anglo-Mysore War begins.
- 1799 Fourth Anglo-Mysore War ends with the death of Tipu Sultan and the restoration of the Wodeyar dynasty.
- 1803 Second Anglo-Maratha War begins
- 1805 Second Anglo-Maratha War ends
- 1817 Third Anglo-Maratha War begins
- 1818 Third Anglo-Maratha War ends with the defeat of Bajirao II and the end of the Maratha Empire leaving the British with control of almost the whole of India
[edit] Further reading
- Sengupta, P.C. "Ancient Indian Chronology". Calcutta: University of Calcutta Press. 1947.
[edit] External links
