Voiceless alveolar affricate
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The voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is t͡s (previously ʦ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts. The voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in such languages as German, Esperanto, Russian, Japanese and Mandarin Chinese, among many others.
| IPA – number | 103 (132) |
| IPA – text | t͡s |
| IPA – image | [[Image:| ]] |
| Entity | ʦ |
| X-SAMPA | ts |
| Kirshenbaum | ts |
| Sound sample | |
|---|---|
[edit] Features
Features of the voiceless alveolar affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then directing it through a groove in the tongue and over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the center of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
[edit] In English
This sound is not an English phoneme. Loanwords that begin with this sound in their original language, such as tsunami or tsar, are often pronounced with just the fricative aspect (i.e. as sunami and sar respectively). Words like cats and pizza exhibit the consonant cluster /ts/, which is very similar phonetically, but can differ on morphological (/kæt+s/) and phonemic (/piːt.sə/) grounds.
[edit] Other languages
Voiceless alveolar affricate occurs in:
- Abkhaz: хьаца [χaˈt͡sa] "hornbeam"
- Albanian: cimbidh [t͡simbið] "tongs"
- Czech: co [t͡so] "what"
- English: tsetse [ˈt͡sɛt.si]
- Esperanto: ceceo [t͡seˈt͡seo] "tsetse fly"
- Quebec French: petit [pəˈt͡si] "small"
- Georgian: კაცი [kʼat͡sʰi] "man"
- German: zehn [t͡se:n] "ten"
- Greek: κορίτσι [ko̞ˈrit͡si] "girl"
- Modern Hebrew: צבע [ˈt͡seva] "color"
- Hungarian: cica [ˈt͡sit͡sa] "kitten"
- Italian: grazia [ˈgrat͡sja] "grace"
- Kabardian: цы [t͡sʰɪ] "hair"
- Kabyle: iḥeşşeḇ [iħət͡st͡səβ], "he counts"
- Pashto: څلور [t͡saˈlor] "four"
- Polish: cebula [t͡sɛˈbula] "onion"
- Romanian: fraţi [ˈfrat͡si] "brothers"
- Russian: царь [t͡sarʲ] "Czar"
- Tanacross: dzeen [t͡seːn] "day"
- Does not exist in stardard Azeri but in some Western dialects replaces /tʃ/ (written as ç) and/or /c/ (written as k).
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| This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible. |
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