Zurna
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For other meanings, see Zurna (disambiguation) and Surna (disambiguation)
The Zurna (also called Surnay, birbynė, lettish horn, surla, sornai, zournas) is an Anatolian woodwind instrument. It is similar to the Mizmar. The Zurna had often been featured in the Ottoman military bands. Zurnas are also used in the folk music of the countries in the region, especially Republic of Macedonia, Greece, Armenia, Iran and the other Caucasian countries. It has origins in ancient Egypt, and has now spread throughout the Islamic world, China, and Eastern Europe. In Russian folk music, it is used in sad folk songs. It is often used in the music of Lithuania and Belarus, where bands such as Sutaras and Stary Olsa use them in traditional music. A modern use of a zurna, can be heard in the t.A.T.u. song "Stars".
The Zurna is most likely the immediate predecessor of the European Shawm as well as the Chinese Suona still used today in temple and funeral music.
There are several types of zurnas. They all share one and the same sound inductor - the so called kalem - which is actually a very tight (and short) double reed, sometimes made out of wheat leaves. The Armenian zurna is the shortest type reaching only 15cm, and respectively it is has the highest pitch of all the zurna family. The longest (and lowest) is the Kaba zurna, used in northern Turkey and Bulgaria. As a rule of thumb, a zurna is conical and made of wood.
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[edit] Etymology and terminology
Oldest Turkish records suruna in Codex Cumanicus(CCM fol. 45a) < Persian word that is combined of two parts:
- Sur = festival & red
- Nay / Na = Reed / Pipe ". [1].
[edit] Terminology in Anatolia
Turkish and Kurdish terminology [2].
1. Head and reed
- zaynak Ankara
- nazik Abdal
- ula Uludağ
- çatal Çankırı
- zinak Diyarbakır - Kurdish
- nezik Gaziantep
- fasla Kırklareli
- zaynak Kurdish
2. Pipe
- metef Ankara
- metem Abdal
- çığırdan Uludağ
- demir Çankırı
- bülbülük Diyarbakır
- kanel Kırklareli
- metef Kurdish
- lüle Sivas
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Picken, Laurence. Folk Music Instruments of Turkey. Oxford University Press. London. p. 485
- ^ Özhan Öztürk. Karadeniz. Istanbul. 2005. pp.1217-18 Article abstract about zurna
[edit] External links
- Davul-Zurna(Yar Diline Diline(Halay))
- Zurna-FAQ This site is trying to answer the typical questions a beginner has about zurna, explains and illustrates key techniques a zurna player must master.
- KabaZurna This site is mostly in Turkish but has pictures from the making, sound clips etc.. which may be useful to non Turkish speakers.
- Zurla
- Historical background of Zurna
- Armenian Zurna Sasun Dance (1) sample,
- String instruments: bowed instruments kemenche, yaylı tanbur; plucked instruments kanun, saz, tanbur, tar, ud, cümbüş
- Woodwind instruments: reed zurna, tulum, dankiyo, gaida; end-blown ney, kaval, sipsi, duduk
- Percussion instruments: chordophones santur; membranophones bendir, daf, davul, darbuka, naqareh, kus, Turkish crescent
| European classical (modern): | Piccolo oboe • Piccolo heckelphone • Oboe • Oboe d'amore • Cor anglais (English horn) • Bass oboe • Heckelphone • Contrabass oboe • Tenoroon • Bassoon • Contrabassoon • Contraforte • Sarrusophone • Soprano sarrusophone • Alto sarrusophone • Tenor sarrusophone • Baritone sarrusophone • Bass sarrusophone • Contrabass sarrusophone • Rothphone • Contrabassophone • Reed contrabass • Tromboon |
| European classical (historical): | Aulos • Baroque oboe • Bassanelli • Cornamuse • Cromorne • Crumhorn • Dulcian • Hirtenschalmei • Kortholt • Oboe da caccia • Pommer • Rackett • Rauschpfeife • Shawm |
| African traditional: | Alghaita • Rhaita |
| Asian traditional: | Duduk • Guan • Gyaling • Hichiriki • Hne • Kèn bầu • Kuzhal • Mizmar • Nadaswaram • Pi • Piri • Shehnai • Sorna • Sralai • Suona • Taepyeongso • Zurna |
| European traditional: | Aulos • Bifora • Bombarde • Catalan shawm • Dulzaina • Musette • Piffero • Sopila • Tárogató • Zurla |
| North American traditional: | Trompeta china |
Categories: Albanian music | Arab music | Armenian musical instruments | Azerbaijani music | Bulgarian music | Early musical instruments | Greek music | Macedonian music | Middle Eastern culture | Persian music | Single oboes with conical bore | Turkish musical instruments | Turkmen music | Uzbekistani music
