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Voorganger: Shun (888 - 888 v. Chr.)

Heersers Xia-dynastie

Opvolger: Qi (777 - 777 v. Chr.)

TESTTESTTEST: (烏孫) (溭nggu勻sh䍔sh⯤jièzuì)

Mostly the Zizhi Tongjian (both the original as written by Sima Guang and as translated into modern Chinese by Bo Yang), supplemented with the official histories Book of Jin, Book of Song, and Book of Wei. Thanks for your comments. --Nlu (talk) 04:43, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Naam	Leeftijd
Pietje	24
Kees	21

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Since the starting line had based accordingly to Zhang Qian (under 61), so let get this straight, Xiongnu attack on Yuezhi causing them to move to Ili Valley (which later occupied by the Wusun, 96), this moving of Yuezhi caused them to defeated the king of Sai and the Sais move far to the south, while Yuezhi occupied the area, they were defeated by the Wusun and the Yuezhi moved to the Daxia (Daxia only mentioned on this parts on 61, Xiongnu did not drove them far enough to Daxia, it was Wusun), and the Wusun occupied the area. Eiorgiomugini 14:21, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

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[bewerk] Transcriptie in wade-giles en pinyin

Wade-Giles	Pinyin	Hanzi	Opmerking	Aanvullingen
Yüe-chi	Yuèzhī	月氏
kuei-shang	Guìshuāng	貴霜
Kan-su	Gānsù	甘肅
Hsiung-nu	Xiōngnú	匈奴
Mao Tun	Màodùn	冒頓	ook: Màodùn Chányú 冒頓單于
Ki-ok/Laosheng	Lǎoshàng	老上	ook: Lǎoshàng Chányú 老上單于
Wu-sun	Wūsūn	烏孫
K´ang-kü	Kāngjū	康居
Qiu Jiuque / K'iu-tsiu-k'io	Qiūjiùquè	丘就却	Kujula Kadphises
Pan Chao	Bān Chāo	班超
Ta-Yüe-chi	Dà Yuèzhī	大月氏
Ta-Hsia	Dàxià	大夏

http://www.staff.hum.ku.dk/dbwagner/TB/TB.html Hitorical sources for the Han period. The most important of these are the three Official Histories (Zheng shi ):
'Shi ji
(Records of the historian), by Sima Qian (ca. 145-90 B.C.) and his father Sima Tan . A history of the known world from the beginnings to the authors' own time, thus incorporating approximately the first century of the Han period.
Han shu
(The book of Han), by Ban Gu (A.D. 32-92), his sister Ban Zhao , and others. A history of China from the beginning of the Han to the period of the usurper Wang Mang , i.e. from 206 B.C. to A.D. 25. For the first century of the Han it overlaps with the Shi ji, and in these parts the Han shu text is usually copied from the Shi ji, slightly rewritten.
Hou Han shu
(The book of Later Han), by Fan Ye (A.D. 398-445). A history of China from the Wang Mang period to the final fall of the dynasty, i.e. from about A.D. 25 to 220. In writing this history Fan Ye drew on a number of earlier histories of the same period, many of which had this same title, Hou Han shu, which have survived only in part.

The sources in translation :

• Watson, Burton
  
  • Records of the Grand Historian of China: Translated from the Shi chi of Ssu-ma Ch'ien. 2 vols., New York & London: Columbia University Press, 1961.
    

Rev. and expanded ed., Records of the Grand Historian: by Sima Qian. 1993.

Translates most of the chapters of the Shi ji which relate to the Han period.

• Chavannes, Édouard (tr.)
  
  • Les mémoires historiques de Se-ma Ts'ien. T. 1, 1895; t. 2, 1897; t. 3, 1898; t. 4, 1901; t. 5, 1905; t. 1-5 repr. Paris: Maisonneuve, 1967. T. 6, ed. and completed by Paul Demiéville, Max Kaltenmark, & Timoteus Pokora, Paris: Maisonneuve, 1969.

"Introduction", t. 1, pp. i-ccxlix.
covers the first 52 chapters, most of which are related to pre-Han periods and thus are of less importance here.

• Dubs, Homer H. (tr.)
  
  • The history of the Former Han Dynasty, by Pan Ku, a critical translation with annotations. Vols. 1-3, Baltimore: Waverly Press, 1938, 1944, 1955. Tr. of juan 1-12 + 99 of Han shu. Further volumes were planned but never published.

Watson is justly famous for his highly readable translations of ancient Chinese texts, but he is criticised for the very sparing commentary and philological apparatus in his translations; Dubs' translations from the Han shu are much more "scholarly", but not at all easy to read.

Published translations from the Hou Han shu are few, but one can indirectly read it in translation by reading translations from the Zizhi tongjian . This book is a year-by-year history of China from the fifth century B.C. to the tenth century A.D., compiled by Sima Guang (1019-1086) by a scissors-and-paste method from the sources available to him. Since the Hou Han shu was very nearly his only source for the Later Han period, the following translations from the Zizhi tongjian can be useful to students as substitutes for translations from the Hou Han shu:

• DeCrespigny, Rafe (tr.)
  
  • The last of the Han: Being the chronicle of the years 181-220 A.D. as recorded in chapters 58-68 of the Tzu-chih t'ung-chien of Ssu-ma Kuang (Centre of Oriental Studies, Monograph 9). Canberra: Australian National University, 1969.
    
• DeCrespigny, Rafe (tr.)
  
  • Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling: Being the chronicle of Later Han for the years 157 to 189 AD as recorded in chapters 54 to 59 of the Zizhi tongjian of Sima Guang (Faculty of Asian Studies monographs: New series, 12). 2 vols., Canberra: Australian National University, 1989.