پوځ

From Wikipedia

يو پوځ يا يوې پوځي قوې (ن.) ته د يوه هېواد د ساتنې قوه هم وييل کېږي. پوځي قوې د تاريخ په اوږدو کې د بېلابېلو تناسخي پړاونو نه تېر شوي. پوځونه د پېړيو پېړيو راپدېخوا په بېلابېلو سيمو او ټولنو کې وه او شته. خو په لرغوني پېر کې د پوځ جوړښت ډېر ساده وه او يواځې سرتېري په تېرو لرګيو او تيږو سمبال وه، د وخت په تېرېدو سره او د انسان د پوهنيز پرمختګ سره سم د پوځونو بڼې هم بدلې شوې، يو وخت داسې هم راغی چې پوځيان په آسونو سپاره به وه او وسپنيزې وسلې لکه تورې، نيزې او ډال به ورسره وه، د ځينو سره به غشي او لينده هم وه ورو ورو د نورو لاس ته راوړنو سره د ودانيو او د وګړو د مېشت ځايونو بڼې هم بدلې شوې، د بېلګې په توګه د ښار چارپېر به خلکو دېوالونه جوړول او د پاچا لپاره به يې ټينګې کلاګانې او دنګې ودانۍ جوړولې. د وسلو بڼې هم په بېلابېلو زمانو کې بدلې شوې او پليټكښ توپكونه او توپونه راووتل چې آن پدې نوي عصر کې د ماشين ګڼو او نوي پوځي سامانو لکه ټانکونه آلوتکې او کمپيوټري جنګي آلې په پوځونږ کې نور هم انقلاب راوستی، اټکل داسې دی چې په راتلونکې کې به داسې پوځي قوتونه وي چې پوځيان او سرتېري به يې يواځې ماشينونه وي نه انسانان، خو د داسې يوې پوځې قوې شتون به د انسانانو ژوند نور هم د خطر سره مخ کړي.
که څه هم چې پوځ هرې هغې قوې ته وييل کېږي چې په وسلو سمبال وي، خو په ټولګړي مانا پوځ د کارپوه سرتېرو يا چريکي سړو هغه منظمه دايمي قوه ده چې يواځې د جنګي مسايلو او د جنګ لپاره روزل کېږي او د هغو ملېشو او داوطلبو نه چې د عامو وګړو نه جوړ او د لږې روزنې په ورکړې سره د اړتيا په وخت کې کله چې يو ملت د بشپړه جګړې په حالت کې وي او د يوه لنډمهالې قوې په توګه پکار وړل کېږي، توپير بايد ځنې وشي. د پوځ وييکه د اصلي اردو يا د يوه هېواد د ساتلو اصلي قوې ته اشاره کوي.
هغه اند چې په يوې ټولنه کې پوځ ته د لومړيتوب حق ورکوي، د ملېټريزم يا پوځي کېدنې په نامه يادېږي.

نيوليک 1 آرپوهه 2 Meaning of the word 3 د پوځ تاريخ 4 Military Organization 5 Military science 6 پوځي اند 7 Other uses of "Military" 7.1 Military procurement 7.2 Military transport 7.3 پوځي عدل 7.4 Military strength 7.5 پوځي ځواک 7.6 Military brat 8 Specific militaries 8.1 پوځي اتحاد 9 دا هم وګورۍ 10 باندنۍ تړنې 11 سرچينې 11.1 Periodicals

[سمادول] آرپوهه

د ملېټري يا Military وييکه د لاطيني ژبې د وييکې militarius, ځنې اخيستل شوې چې دا بيا د miles يا (اضافي حالت militis) نه راوتلې او مانا يې "سرتېری" دی.
د پښتو ژبې وييکه پوځ خورا پخوانۍ وييکه ده چې ځينې وختونه فوځ او يا فوج هم تلفظ شوې. خو دا وروستۍ نومېدلې بڼه يې بيا اردو ژبې د پښتو نه پور کړې او اوس په اردو ژبه کې دېره رايجه ده.

[سمادول] Meaning of the word

Also see: Armed forces

د يوه صفت په توګه د "پوځ" وييکه سرتېرو، جنګي سامان آلاتو او زغريي سامان پلو اشاره ده. دا پدې توګه هم کارېدلی شي چې موخه يې د داسې پوځي ريزرف يوون لوري ته اشاره وي چې د يوه ځانګړي امر لپاره او يا هم د ټولګړي ليد له پلوه د يوه رياست او يا هېواد هغه ريزرف سرتېري وي چې په جنګي قواو کې د دندې لپاره ګومارل کېږي.
په رسمي چارو کې په برتانيوۍ انګليسي کې د , "military" يا پوځ وييکه د يوه صفت په توګه کارول کېږي او کله ناکله په ځانګړې توګه د جګړه ايزو زمکني قواؤ پورې اړوند وي، او د سمندري ځواک او هوايي ځواک لورې ته اشاره پکې نه وي. خو په نوې برتانيوۍ انګليسي کې همدا لغت ځانله ددې موخې لپاره هم کارول کېږي چې ټول جګړه ايزو ځواکونو لوري ته اشاره پکې وي، او دا د پوځي ځواکونو هغه ټولې څانګې په ځان کې رانغاړي.

In American English, "military" as an adjective is more widely used for regulations pertaining to and between military procurement, military transport, military justice, military strength, and military force.

[سمادول] د پوځ تاريخ

Main article: Military history

Military history is often considered to be the history of all conflicts, not just the history of proper militaries. It differs somewhat from the history of war with military history focusing on the people and institutions of war-making while the history of war focuses on the evolution of war itself in the face of changing technology, governments, and geography.

Military history has a number of purposes. One main purpose is to learn from past accomplishments and mistakes so as to more effectively wage war in the future. Another is to create a sense of tradition which is used to create cohesive military forces. Still another may be to learn to prevent wars more effectively.

[سمادول] Military Organization

Main article: Military organization

Armed forces may be organized as standing forces (e.g. regular army), which describes a professional army that is engaged in no other profession than preparing for and engaging in warfare. In contrast, there is the citizen army. A citizen army (also known as a militia or reserve army) is only mobilized as needed. Its advantage lies in the fact that it is dramatically less expensive (in terms of wealth, manpower, and opportunity cost) for the organizing society to support. The disadvantage is that such a "citizen's army" is less well trained and organized.

A compromise between the two has a small cadre of professional NCOs (non-commissioned officers) and officers who act as a skeleton for a much larger force. When war comes, this skeleton is filled out with conscripts or reservists (former full-time soldiers who volunteer for a small stipend to occasionally train with the cadre to keep their military skills intact), who form the wartime unit. This balances the pros and cons of each basic organization, and allows the formation of huge armies (in terms of millions of combatants), necessary in modern large scale warfare.

See Also: Military reserve

[سمادول] Military science

Main article: Military science

Military science concerns itself with the study and of the diverse technical, psychological, and practical phenomena that encompass the events that make up warfare, especially armed combat. It strives to be an all-encompassing scientific system that if properly employed, will greatly enhance the practitioner's ability to prevail in an armed conflict with any adversary.

[سمادول] پوځي اند

Main article: Militarism

[سمادول] Other uses of "Military"

[سمادول] Military procurement

Military procurement refers to common regulations and requirements for a ship or a detached unit to requisistion and draw on a base's facilies (housing, pay, and rations for detached personnel), supplies (most commonly food stocks or materials, and vehicles) by the service running a primary base; e.g. Army units detached to or staging through an air base, a vessel calling at a port near an army or air base, an army unit drawing supplies from a naval base.

[سمادول] Military transport

Military transport would pertain to an equipment trans-shipped via a sister service, or an individual detached for a technical school operated by a sister service, or the travel orders and authorization of such an individual to proceed via a sister services vehicles, as well as the drawing (loan of) transportation assets (staff cars, Hum-Vees, military trucks) operating from the primary base command.

[سمادول] پوځي عدل

Military Justice, as in the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Most nations have a separate code of law which regulates both certain activities allowed only in war, as well as provides a code of law applicable only to a soldier in war (or 'in uniform' during peacetime).

For example, in the United States, the statutory laws set down by Congress to apply to the individual conduct within any military force of the United States are known as the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The code includes specific articles under which a soldier or sailor would be tried for infractions ranging from minor (Late Return, petty theft) to severe (Rape, Murder); this code is usually referred to by the acronym UCMJ.

[سمادول] Military strength

Military strength is a term that describes a quantification or reference to a nation's standing military forces or the capacity for fulfillment of that military's role. For example, the military strength of a given country could be interpreted as the number of individuals in its armed forces, the destructive potential of its arsenal, or both. For example, while China and India maintain the largest armed forces in the world, the U.S. Military is considered to be one of the world's strongest, although the certainty of such a claim cannot be ascertained without a detailed analysis of opposing military forces in relation to one another as well as taking into account the field(s) of battle and tactics used in such a conflict. The UK and in some regards Israel have also been described as the best trained and operating militaries in the world.^{[citation needed]}

[سمادول] پوځي ځواک

پوځي ځواک يو داسې ويی ده چې يو ځانګړي يونټ او يا قطعې او يا هم په وسلو سمبال بېړۍ چې په يوه سيمه کې د څار لپاره ګومارل شوې وي، او يا د همدې ډول ځواکونو يو ټولي ته هم وايي. (د ساري په توګه په د خليج په جګړه کې د امريکا د متحده ايالاتو مرکزي قومانداني، چې د ټولو پوځي ځواکونو واک يې په لاس کې وه).

[سمادول] Military brat

Military Brat (or simply Brat) refers to a child with at least one parent who served full-time in the armed forces. It implies that such an upbringing is different in important ways from that experienced by those in the community at large. The term brat, when used in this context, is neither subjective nor derogatory.

[سمادول] Specific militaries

See : List of militaries by country

[سمادول] پوځي اتحاد

• NATO
• ANZUS
• Warsaw Pact (Now defunct)

[سمادول] دا هم وګورۍ

• Comparative military ranks
• Jane's Information Group provides contemporary info on Trade in Military Equipment.
• Martial art
• Militaria
• Military rule
• List of countries by number of active troops
• List of countries by size of armed forces
• List of countries without an army
• List of militaries by country

[سمادول] باندنۍ تړنې

• نړېوال امن
• د امريکايي ساينسپوهانو فېډراسيون
• پوځ

[سمادول] سرچينې

Major books for understanding the role of the military, and the civilian leadership of the military.

1. Why the Allies Won (WWII) by Richard Overy ISBN 0-393-03925-0
   1. Many books about WWII, and other wars, focus on the military battles and campaigns. This one focuses on support roles that gave the Allies the edge when the Axis seemed to be ahead in so many senses.
   3. Russia relocated their industry far from the front.
   4. There was a structure of Scientific Management in the U.S.A., unheard of in the Axis Powers.
   5. Axis nations military, particularly in Japan, had an adversarial relationship that was more important to them than the best interests of their nations.
   6. Allied interception of coded radio signals, and strict secrecy of what they learned from this.
   7. Allied sophisticated deception.
      1. Misleading Germany about the Normandy invasion.
      2. Commando raids were exceptionally successful, such as in figuring out how German Radar functioned, so as to get the correct dimensions for Chaff to Spoof it, but they were trumpeted as failures so as not to tip off German Military Intelligence about the purpose of the raids.
   8. In Nazi Germany scientific and military technologies developed by Jews where not trusted by Nazi government officials. This is one reason why the Nazis did not pursue development of the Atomic Bomb.
2. The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Pentagon by "Jeff Cateau" and Michael Levin. An entertaining explanation of the U.S. military and how it is run.
3. Get Yamamoto by Burke Davis, Published by Random House in 1969. During WW II, the U.S.A. intercepted top secret communications about a tour of forward bases to be conducted by Admiral Yamamoto, commander of the Japanese Navy. This led to a successful mission to intercept his flight and kill him, the theory being that the Japanese would be handicapped without his leadership.

[سمادول] Periodicals

• Aviation Week and Space Technology
• Defense News
• Jane's Defence Weekly

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