Участник:Specter/Temp

Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии

В треугольном парусе верхний угол называется фаловый угол, к нему крепят фал, применяемый для подъёма паруса. Из двух нижних углов, передний называется галсовым, а задний шкотовым. Галсовый угол жёстко закреплён в какой-либо точке (к пятке гика на гроте или к точке на палубе для стакселе, например). Шкотовый угол может перемещаться и устанавливается в зависимосте от галса.

[править] The edges

The foot of a sail is its lowest edge, bounded by the clew and the tack, or on some sails by the two clews. The forward (leading) edge of the sail is called the luff. This is related to the term luffing, which is a condition where the sail ripples because wind is crossing over the front and back side simultaneously, caused when the angle of the wind fails to allow the sail to maintain a good aerodynamic shape; this condition usually starts near the luff as the boat passes through being close-hauled. A cunningham may be rigged on the luff of the mainsail to help control the sail shape.

The aft edge of a sail is called the leech. If incorrectly tensioned, the leech of a sail may "flutter" noisily; some larger mainsails are provided with a line which runs along a pocket in the leech, called a leech line, for the purpose of tightening the leech to prevent this fluttering.

[править] The roach

The shape of a sail is seldom a perfect triangle. It is common for sailmakers to add an arc of extra material on the leech, outside a line drawn from the head to the clew. This additional part of the sail is known as the roach; mainsails usually have roaches, but they are very occasionally found on specialist jibs as well. They provide additional power for a given mast/boom size.

Since it cannot be supported by tension in the sail material (applied from the corners), it would flap uselessly unless some other provision were made for it. It is therefore supported by battens, held in batten pockets, which extend into the main portion of the sail.

[править] Non-triangular fore and aft sails

Gaff, gunter, lug, and some sprit sails have four sides but are set fore and aft so that one edge is leading. That is, the luff. tack, foot, clew and leech are the same as for the triangular Bermuda sail. But the high aft corner is the peak and the top edge is the head. The corner between the head and the luff is the throat.

[править] Square Sails

Изображение:Parts of a square sail.png

The parts of a square sail.

Although most sails used today are triangular and follow the conventions above, square sails are still used on a few vessels. Many of the same names are used for parts of a square sail.

Head: As for a triangular sail, this refers to the topmost part. On a square sail, however, this part is an edge rather than a corner.
Leech: The "side" edge of the sail. Since square sails are symmetrical, they have two leeches. Occasionally, when the ship is close-hauled, the windward edge of the sail might be referred to as the luff.
Clew: Like a triangular sail, the "free" corners of a square sail are called clews; again there are two of them. Square sails have sheets attached to their clews like triangular sails, but the sheets are used to pull the sail down to the yard below rather than to adjust the angle it makes with the wind.
Foot: The bottom edge of the sail.

Square sails also have tacks and sheets, although they are not a part of the sail itself.