Rock and roll
From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rock and Roll or rock music is a form of popular music developed in the 1950s and 1960s. Rock music combines many kinds of music from the United States, such as country music, folk music, church music, work songs, blues and jazz.
Rock and Roll developed in the early 1950s from a kind of music called rhythm and blues performed by Black singers and musicians. At first, this music was popular only with African-Americans. In the later 1950s and in the 1960s, in the Rock and Roll became popular across the United States and in Europe.
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[edit] History of rock and roll
[edit] 1950s: Rockabilly
During the early 1950s, the popularity of rhythm and blues music spread. It became very popular among young white people. They listened to this music on radio stations that broadcast across the country late at night. Some teenagers began buying rhythm and blues records as a form of rebellion.
This music was very different from the music that was popular with their parents. The music was exciting, and it had a very strong rhythm and beat. Some of the songs had words which suggested sexual themes. In other cases, the singers made sexually suggestive gestures or movements while they were singing. Some adults strongly objected to rhythm and blues music. They did not think young people should listen to it.
Alan Freed had a radio show in Cleveland, Ohio in the early 1950s. He is said to be the first person to use the expression "rock and roll" to describe rhythm and blues music. Alan Freed was one of the first to play rock and roll music on his radio show, and he organized the first rock and roll concert in Cleveland in 1952.
Songs by black performers like Fats Domino and Little Richard soon became popular with teenagers. These singers recorded their records in the southern city of New Orleans, Louisiana.
Some early Rock and Roll music was created in the southern United States city of Memphis, Tennessee. In Memphis, a white record producer called Sam Phillips produced records by local black musicians. One day, an eighteen-year-old truck driver came to his studio to record a song for his mother. The young man was Elvis Presley. Phillips produced Presley's first real record in 1954, a song called "That's All Right."
Bill Haley and his Comets recorded "Rock Around the Clock" in 1954. It was not popular at first. Then it was used in a movie about rebellious teenagers, called "The Blackboard Jungle". The movie caused a lot of debate. It also made the song a huge hit. "Rock Around the Clock" became a song of teenage rebellion.
Many other rock and roll singers became popular in the 1950s. They included Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis and Chuck Berry. Each performer created his own kind of rock and roll. Chuck Berry's music was a mixture of country and rhythm and blues. In 1955, his song Maybellene was one of the most popular songs in the country.
[edit] 1960s: From Motown to Folk Rock
[edit] Motown: Black popular music
In the 1960s, black music and musicians became recognized as an important part of the music industry in America. This was because a company in Detroit, Michigan, called Motown Records produced some of the most popular songs in American music. Berry Gordy started Motown Records. He was the first person to present black music so it appealed to both blacks and whites. One of Motown's most successful groups was the Supremes, led by Diana Ross. One of their hits was "Come See About Me".
[edit] Surf music
A different kind of rock and roll music called surf music was developing in Southern California. Five young men from Los Angeles formed a group called the Beach Boys. Brian Wilson wrote, performed, and produced the group's records. The Beach Boys' songs had complex music and simple words. The words were about the local teenage culture. The group sang about riding surfboards on the ocean waves. One of their most popular songs was "Surfin' USA.”
[edit] Folk rock
It was also in the 1960s that rock and roll music began to change. The words became as important as the music. Bob Dylan began writing folk rock songs that many young people considered to be poetry. Dylan was influenced by folk singers and songwriters like Woody Guthrie. Dylan's early songs were about serious social issues. He wrote about war and racial injustice. Some of his songs were used as protest songs for the anti-war and civil rights movements in America. Later, Dylan wrote more personal songs. One of his most popular songs was “Mister Tambourine Man."
In 1964, a new rock and roll group from England called the The Beatles visited the United States. The Beatles were a very popular rock and roll group. Many people listened to their songs.
[edit] 1970s: From Psychedelic Rock to Punk and Disco
[edit] Rock and Psychedelic Rock
In the 1970s, Rock and Roll was often called Rock. In the 1970s, Rock music bands such as Led Zeppelin and the Rolling Stones played huge, loud concerts in outdoor stadiums. Rock music from the 1970s was usually louder and harder than the Rock and Roll from the 1950s.
In the early 1970s, many rock bands played psychedelic rock, a type of rock music which had words that described illegal drugs and drug use. Psychedelic rock described the experiences of taking illegal drugs such as marijuana and LSD and encouraged people to take illegal drugs. Psychedelic rock bands included The Grateful Dead, Big Brother & the Holding Company, Jefferson Airplane, The Byrds, Pink Floyd, and The Doors.
[edit] Progressive rock
Another type of rock music from the 1970s was progressive rock. Progressive rock bands such as Pink Floyd and The Moody Blues played music that was more complex. Some progressive rock bands used strange instruments, or created music that sounded weird. Other progressive rock bands include: Electric Light Orchestra, Pavlov's Dog, King Crimson, Caravan, Jethro Tull, Genesis, Gentle Giant, The Nice, Yes, Gong, Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Soft Machine, Steve Hillage, Barclay James Harvest, Magma, Camel, Can, Rush, Faust and Dream Theater.
[edit] Heavy metal
In the 1970s, a harder form of rock music called "Heavy metal" was invented. Bands such as Cream and Led Zeppelin played loud rock music based on blues music. Other bands such Deep Purple and Black Sabbath played even louder, harder heavy metal rock music.
[edit] Disco
In the late 1970s, groups such as Donna Summer, K.C. and the Sunshine Band,Barry White, Gloria Gaynor, and CHIC, developed a pop music style called disco. Disco was dance music with a strong beat. A popular disco band was The Bee Gees, who wrote the music for the movie Saturday Night Fever.
[edit] Punk rock
Another rock music style from the 1970s was punk rock. Punk rock was crude, loud, simple music. Many punk rock songs were rude or used bad words. Punk rock musicians often dressed in ripped or torn clothes, leather jackets, and black leather boots. Punk rock musicians sometimes had strange hairstyles, such as hair "spiked" with hair gel or shaved off. Well-known punk rock bands from Britain were the Sex Pistols and the Clash. Well-known punk bands in the United States were The Ramones and Black Flag.
[edit] New wave
In the late 1970s, another type of rock called New wave music became popular. Bands such as INXS and Midnight Oil from Australia became popular. In the United States, New Wave bands such as Talking Heads and Devo played. In the 1980s, New Wave music bands such as Duran Duran, A Flock of Seagulls, Psychedelic Furs, and the Eurythmics were popular. These bands used the synthesizer keyboard a lot in their songs.
[edit] 1980s
[edit] Glam metal
In the 1980s, a new type of rock and roll was invented, called glam metal. Glam metal rock bands mixed pop music with heavy metal music. Glam metal bands such as Mötley Crüe, W.A.S.P. and Ratt became popular. Glam metal rock bands had long hair and the men wore make up and leather pants and boots. Many glam metal songs were about sex, illegal drug use, and drinking alcohol. In the late 1980s, groups such as Guns N' Roses were very successful.
[edit] Alternative music
Another rock music trend from the 1980s was alternative music. Bands such as R.E.M., Sonic Youth, The Smiths, Pixies, Hüsker Dü, The Cure, and others were popular with teens and young adults.
[edit] External links
- Visitors to America can learn more at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio. Or visit, on the Internet --- http://www.rockhall.com/
Check out more information on Rock music, including the insider's view of Southern Rock, check out http://www.southernfriedmagazine.com[[1]]
Discuss 80's Hair Bands and the Glam Metal genre in general at the Hair Nation Message Board. Visit http://hairnation.proboards104.com
[edit] Styles of music which are related to Rock and Roll
- Rockabilly, an early form of Rock and Roll from the 1950s
- New wave, a form of pop music from the late 1970s
- Disco, a popular dance music style of music from the 1970s
- Punk rock, a form of rebellious pop music from the late 1970s
- Heavy metal music, a loud, aggressive form of rock from the 1970s and 1980s. It continued in the 1990s and 2000s.
- Hardcore punk, a louder, more aggressive form of punk rock, from the 1980s
- Alternative rock, a pop-rock style from the 1980s
- Grunge, a hard rock style from the 1990s
- Pop-punk, a popular music from the 1990s which blends pop music with punk rock
- Hip-hop, a popular music from the 1990s and 2000s
Parts of the above article reused and rewrote public domain material provided by Voice of America Special English website.
